Breathlessness and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea (PND) is a common cause of emergency visit in our country. Cardiomyopathy is among most common cause of Breathlessness and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea (PND). The disease is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. There are very few studies on Cardiomyopathies from India. To evaluate clinical and demographic profile of patients with cardiomyopathy. We undertook this study in a tertiary care Medical College of North India. It is retrospective observational study of 80 patients. Routine echocardiography was done to diagnose cardiomyopathy. Patients with DCM were then evaluated as per protocol. We had a total of 80 patients in our study with a male: female ratio of 50:30. Most patients were aged over 40 years. The most common type of cardiomyopathy is Idiopathic CMP

Hamstring tightness continues to be a risk factor for hamstring injuries among active individuals and sports players. Various interventions have been performed to find the most effective method to improve flexibility. The purpose of the study therefore, is to explore the effect of a neurodynamic sliding technique on hamstring flexibility among recreational sports players. Quasi experimental study design, pre and post study type. Male subjects within the age of 18-24 who were unable to complete finger floor test were included. Subjects with hamstring injury within the past years and multiple fractures were excluded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria subjects were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A received neurodynamic sliding intervention over a period of 4 weeks and group B received active hamstring stretching exercises over a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the study, significant difference between the group A and B with p value <0.05 was found. Mean values for straight leg raise test (SLR) were significantly higher for the group A when compared to the group B and while the mean values for finger floor test (FFT) were significantly lower for the group A when compared to the group B. This study concludes that the intervention of neurodynamic sliding among the recreational players increases the flexibility of hamstring more than the active hamstring stretching when measured by the straight leg raise test and finger floor test.

There are 10 (ten) intervention villages studied, there are 4 villages located in Muaro Jambi regency such as Rondang Village, Londrang, Rukan and Desa Manis Mato. While 6 (six) villages studied and located in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency include: Parit Culum Village, Koto Kandis Dendang, Rahayu Catur, Jati Mulyo, Rawa Sari and Dawam Bay Village. The aim of study is to determine the condition of rural land around Londrang peatland, the socioeconomic condition of local villagers, the value income of the villagers associated with the Food and Non Food Poverty Line, and the value of the Community Contingent on the basis of willingness to pay/WTP and willingness to accept/WTA.The data of research were obtained from secondary data collection, followed by primary data collection, visiting villagers to conduct interviews packaged in group discussion activities and direct observation of the socioeconomic phenomena of the villagers.Based on the results of research, it is found that generally have the same livelihood from the agricultural sector. They are still in the primary sector and have not moved in the secondary stage in the form of agricultural processing activities. The economic condition of the villagers in the villages of Tanjung Jabung Regency Timur is relatively better than the economic condition of the villagers in Muaro Jambi Regency. The villagers researched and located in Tanjung Timur Regency are generally transmigration residents, at the same time villagers residing in Muaro Jambi District are local indigenous people with the condition of natural carrying capacity or land between 2 (two) areas in regency also different physical condition. Almost all of the studied villages above the poverty line according to BPS criteria, except for 1 village that is Manis Mato village in Muaro Jambi Regency is still below the poverty line. On average, all villagers still want the value of environmental sustainability, if measured is still from the high value of willingness to accept/WTA compared to willingness to pay/WTP.

This article presents results of the study on 100 patients with pathology of gastrointestinal tract (erosive bulbitis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, chronic gastritis, ulcer disease and gastric cancer) in order to investigate association of these pathologies with different genotypes of Helicobacter pylori in Uzbekistan. The researches showed, that the most frequent association with Cag+ was noted in the patients with ulcer disease and gastric cancer, and in a less degree with erosive bulbitis and nonspecific ulcerative colitis.

HPV being the most important risk factor, needs to be evaluated in all the regions of the country since the prevalence of HPV and its genotypes are different in the populations from different geographical regions. Its assessment at various stages of the disease will also be helpful in understanding its role in cervical cancer pathogenesis. The present series of work entitled as “Study of cytodiagnosis of discharge per vaginum with specific reference to HPV and HSV at Index Medical College, Indore” was undertaken to detect cervical lesions of female genital tract and prevalence of HPV and HSV by means of exfoliative cytology. Out of 1542, 9 cases showed cytomorphological features of HPV and 2 cases showed cytomorphological features of HSV. All 11 cases were found to be associated with multiple risk factors. In this study, epithelial cell abnormality are more common in hindu (85.19%). In muslims, it is only (14.81%).

As we have known from the Ancient History of Human Beings that for their survival of Life, People are always live closely to the water. It is because water is a basic need for Human Beings. For this reason, People build their houses along the River's banks or on the beaches. Based on this Philosophy, we have seen along the Kahayan's River Bank at the Central Kalimantan in Indonesia, there are the settlements on it. For having more accurate data, we also made some interviews to the People, who live in this settlement. We also made some Interviews to the some officials of the Local Government of Central Kalimantan. We also have made Library Research for having more clearly of its Research and to make it accomplished. We have found that, in this Urban Settlement, there are Three Characteristics Houses at the Kahayan's River Bank – Central Kalimantan. Due to the Natural Conditions, the People of its region have built their houses by adopting its surrounding/natural conditions. The Houses are the Floating‟s Houses located really on the River; The Scaffolding‟s Houses/the Upraised Platform Houses located between the River and the Land/ Water and Soil; The Ordinary‟s Houses located on the earth/ground/soil. Focusing on how the People of this Region fulfill their needs in adopting the Nature's/Environment's condition. We have tried to understand and distributing this knowledge by explaining their characteristics of the houses from these elements, such as the Location; the Materials of the Buildings; How People Live in it; the Layout of the Houses; the Infrastructure; the Transportation; Trade and Commerce; the Problems of the Settlement and also the impact to the River. We give also the solution of the problems. The purpose this report we would like to sharing our knowledge to the German alumni, UKI, University of Palangka Raya and also we would like to give this report to the local‟s government authority.

The rupture of the calcaneal tendon is a frequent lesion requiring surgical management. For chronic disruption in particular, restorative surgery is desirable and several methods have been described. We report a retrospective study of eight cases of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon treated surgically by myotendinousplasty in V-Y according to Abraham, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics II department of the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital in Rabat Morocco between 2010 and 2015. The majority of patients were male. The cause of chronic rupture of the calcaneal tendon was a diagnostic error in 25% of the cases, a lack of knowledge of the pathology in 62.5% of the cases and negligence in 12.5% of the cases. The results were evaluated according to the Kitaoka score after an average follow-up of three years. They were very satisfied with a score of 89%. The aim of this study is to highlight the difficulty of making the diagnosis in certain circumstances, which is the cause of chronic rupture and to underline the interest of the surgical treatment, by the myotendinousplasty "V-Y" in this case

Spinal tuberculosis (pott’s disease) is a common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Spinal langerhans cell histiocytois is also a granulomatous condition which can resemble pott’s disease in many aspects.In the tropics where pott’s disease is common, diagnosis of spinal langerhans cell histiocytois may be masked. We describe a case of recurrent langerhans cell histiocytosis with a long lag period whereas the first presentation was compatible with spinal langerhans cell histiocytosis on retrospective analysis. This case highlights the importance of high index suspicion of langerhans cell histiocytois in the tropical medicine.

Pancytopenia is the simultaneous presence of anaemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The etiology ranging from non-neoplastic, neoplastic to fatal leukemias. The management and prognosis depends both on the severity of pancytopenia and on the nature of underlying etiology. Thus identification of cause is the key to appropriate management. To study the clinical presentations, diagnosis and evaluation of various causes of pancytopenia by hematological parameters including bone marrow aspiration. It was prospective study. One hundred and fifty cases of Pancytopenia evaluated clinically with hematological parameters and bone marrow aspiration in a Yashoda hospital, Malakpet, Hyderabad, during period of January 2014 to February 2017. Out of 150 cases, age of patients ranged from 2 to 85 years with a mean age of 43 years. There was male preponderance. Fever and generalized weakness was common clinical presentation. The commonest physical finding was pallor and splenomegaly on systemic examination. The commonest peripheral smear was dimorphic picture & commonest bone marrow finding was hypercellular marrow with megaloblastic erythroid hyperplasia. The commonest cause for pancytopenia was Megaloblastic anemia (34%) followed by Hematolymphoid malignancy (26.6%). This study showed that clinical history, detail primary hematological investigations along with bone marrow aspiration, biopsy imprint in cytopenia patients are helpful to diagnose and to rule out the causes of pancytopenia. Megaloblastic anemia is commonest cause of pancytopenia in most indian and continent studies. Present study also shows increase in incidance of HLH (Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis) and MDS are among emerging causes of pancytopenia and nutritional diet rich in vit B12 and folic acid prevents majority cause of pancytopenia in india.

This paper devoted to the results of Helicobacter pylori infection spreading in Uzbekistan, its molecular-genetic characteristics, antibiotic resistance. It is shown that Uzbekistan belongs to the regions with a high degree of infection of the population of the HP. Pathogenic Cag positive bacterial strains were associated with chronic Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis. The resistance of HP to clarithromycin in the region was 13.3%. The effectiveness of the 7-day eradication triple therapy was 65%. Prolongation of the period of eradication therapy to 14 days and the inclusion of a complex of therapies of bismuth preparations allowed increasing the effectiveness of therapy to 95%.

Smoking is a pernicious scourge of the world today. Smoking is well known to increase the risk of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases by affecting the cardio–pulmonary functions. Hence, emphasis should be paid on preventive strategies of these disorders. Our study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung functions and lipid profile in asymptomatic smokers. A total of 100 male subjects were included which were equally divided in to two groups i.e. of smokers and non – smokers. The lung function tests and lipid profile was carried out on each subject in both the groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding mean values of blood pressure and heart rate, though; values were higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. All the spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. No statistically significant difference was seen in the mean HDL – cholestrerol values in the two groups. Although the smokers were young and asymptomatic, still the spirometric and lipid values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All spirometric and lipid parameters deteriorated significantly with increasing pack years of smoking

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is an unusual destructive chronic inflammatory process that involves various organs & tissues particularly gallbladder (xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis) & kidney (xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis). Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis (XA) is a rare form of appendiceal inflammation that has been regarded as an unusual healing pattern of appendicitis associated with delayed or interval appendectomy. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge because it can mimic clinically, radiologically, & even pathologically malignant tumors as well as other inflammatory processes of appendix. Little information has been written in the literature regarding this entity. In this review article, data have been collected from all the previously reported cases in the literature including my observation in a XA case I have diagnosed.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro developmental disorder in children. Most common comorbidity is Disruptive behaviour disorder. Family and social environmental factors are not considered as having etiological role but may exacerbate pre-existing symptoms and genetic or neurological vulnerability. These children are particularly challenging and require intensive intervention to prevent greater morbidity and impairment. This study aims to see whether family adversity is related to ADHD with Conduct disorder. This case –control, cross sectional study was done in a child Guidance clinic of Psychiatry department of R.G Kar Medical College, Kolkata. Children diagnosed as ADHD with co morbid DBD fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as cases (N=32). Control population was collected from schools of both rural and urban areas who did not have any psychiatric disorder (N =62). The consenting parents of the cases and control were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire named Family Environmental scale (F.E.S). Significant differences were found in all variables. The control group family has shown more cohesion, more acceptance and caring, more expressiveness, more independence, more family organisation and control, enjoyed more active recreational orientation but less family conflict. The cases, ADHD with co morbid ODD or CD have shown high family conflict.

Leprosy is a skin disease affecting also the nerves was caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Multidrug therapy (MDT) cures the infection, but immunological reactions may occur and neuropathy may lead to disability and deformity. The current study aimed to understand the immune status of the patient before and after treatment by correlating histological subtype and peripheral blood lymphocyte count. Total number of 35 cases was studied. Blood samples were taken from the patients and complete blood picture was done before instituting the MDT including TLC and DLC. After 6 months of treatment, patients were followed up with complete blood picture. In lepromatous leprosy group (BL+LL) total mean WBC count was increased with 11,414 (range 7,000- 22,600 mm3) above the range of normal limits before treatment. It was in the mean normal range after treatment with 8514 (range 5,900- 11,000mm3). Lymphocyte count has increased after treatment. After the treatment, there is considerable increase in lymphocyte count. It was in the range of 34% to 42% with a mean value of 38.1%.

The aim of this study was to determine critical predictive serum bilirubin value on first day (24 hrs) of life which can screen healthy term newborns at risk of developing significant hyperbilirubinemia. This was a prospective study conducted at "Maharaja Yashwant Rao Hospital Indore" between August 2008 and September 2009. Serum bilirubin estimation was done by Van Den Berg method to know total and direct reacting bilirubin. We believe that data from this study could be applied to babies at low risk and specially will help to screen babies who may develop neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNHB) inspite ruling out risk factors. This group mainly represent in which hyperbilirubinemia is due to- increased enterohepatic circulation, breast milk jaundice, hypothyroidism, drugs, galactosemia, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, Gilbert syndrome, infection etc.