This present paper is devoted to the analysis of modal auxiliaries in Martin Luther King’s speech (I have a dream). This speech was delivered at the march on Washington for jobs and freedom. In this speech King has used modality through modal auxiliaries and there is a wide range of meanings that these words are used to express. The phrase “modal auxiliary” shows that there are two linguistic forms which are under question: the syntactic notion of “auxiliary” and the semantic notion of “modality” Thus, not all modal auxiliaries have been analyzed in this present study; but some of them such as Will, Shall, Must and Can in their predicative and inter-subjective relationships.

Non-dairy imitation cheese products are manufactured from vegetables fat and protein; and preparing by using the technique of processed cheese with helping of heat, emulsifying salts. Oats, wheat germ and cereals are main sources of dietary fiber in human daily diets which have beneficial effects in the protection of civilizationrelated diseases such as e.g. hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or heart disease. In this study, imitation cheese products were manufactured by two ways; first from mixture of modified potato starch and palm oil only. Second, the manufacturing was done by using starch, palm oil and oats or wheat germ. In first treatments, the obtained results indicated that, increasing of modified starch in the blend of manufacturing presented imitation cheese with good chemical, microbiological, texture and sensory properties. So, the producing of non-dairy imitation cheese by modified potato starch and palm oil gave acceptable like-cheese product with good flavor and texture. The fortification non-dairy imitation cheese with oats in the blend gave very good cheese-like products with high flavor, texture and nutritional benefits than using wheat germ. So, it can be nominated these imitating products for commercial production to serve different categories of consumers.

Abstract: The study aims to compare between serum non-HDL Cholesterol, CRP and Uric Acid Levels in Metabolic Syndrome. Fifty subjects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (30 women, 20 men) who confirmed by the ATP III diagnosis criteria and have no any medical treatment were included in the study. Twenty healthy subjects constituted as the control group (13 women, 7 men). Blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting by using standard sampling procedure and measured fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, serum uric acid and CRP levels. Non–HDL-C was calculated by a formula (Non HDL-C = TC - HDL-C), C-reactive protein was measured using a commercially available ELISA Kit (Ray Biotech, Inc.) Uric acid level was determined using enzymatic (urease) method. Blood sugar and lipid profile were measured by using standard colorimetric commercial kit. Mean, Standard deviation and unpaired t- test (p value) were applied. A p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Anthropometric variables (blood pressure, BMI and WC) highly significantly (p<0.0001) increased except age (p=0.37 NS) in MetS (n=50) patients than control (n=30) groups. Lipid profile including TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C showed statistically significantly raised (p<0.0001) whereas HDL-C observed decreased (p<0.0001) in same manners. In case N-HDL-C, CRP and serum uric acid levels were found statistical significantly elevated (p<0.0001) in MetS on comparison with control group. Non-HDL-C may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in MetS. Monitoring HDL-C concentrations may reduce the cardiovascular risk. Therefore, non-HDL-C and CRP might be useful markers for predicting cardiovascular events in both high-risk and healthy individuals. Serum Uric Acid levels were significantly higher with MetS samples. Uric acid and non HDL cholesterol can be considered as a component of MetS.

In an attempt to increase the shelf life of banana for some days prior to processing and also enhance the nutritional quality of banana, two banana cultivars (Musa acuminata and Musa sapientus) were stored using three different storage media (banana leaves, fabric cloths and a clay pot). banana bunches were cut into fingers and differently wrapped in each storage medium and stored at ambient condition of 28±2°C and 79±3% relative humidity, while unwrapped bunches were placed on the laboratory shelf as control. Samples were analyzed for sugar, starch, moisture, ash, brix, pH, TTA, vitamin C and minerals on day 0, 5, 7 and 10. Sugar content of banana ranged from 4.55 to 17.83%, with the highest value observed in sample stored in clay pot. The moisture content ranged from 59.13 to 78.51%, ash ranged from 1.24 to 1.72% and brix ranged from 3.38 to 14.59 degree brix. Significant increase was observed in pH, TTA, vitamin C, potassium, phosphorus, iron and zinc during storage while starch decreased as storage period progressed. Samples stored in the clay pot retained qualitative properties more than those stored on shelf at ambient condition.

Learning styles influence students in all levels of education and a mismatch of teaching styles to preferred learning styles makes learning a stressful experience to many learners. In Nairobi County, students in both private and public schools have not been performing satisfactorily in sciences. Matched teaching styles with preferred learning styles were conceptualised as the independent variables that determine their performance in biology and geography. The purpose of this study was to establish the Effect of gender on performance of students in biology and geography taught using preferred learning styles in secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya. This County was chosen because of unsatisfactorily performance in sciences as, only 12.632% of the schools got a mean grade of B- and above, in the years 2004 to 2010. The study was based on Felder Learning Style Theory, and Grasha Teaching Style Theory. A purposive sample of 1,322 students from 18,536 Form Two Students in private and public schools randomly selected for the study. The study employed quasi-experimental research design, which utilised a pre-test, treatment of experimental group and a post-test to estimate impact of an intervention of mismatch due to traditional teaching styles to preferred leaning styles on target population of 69,634 in 146 secondary schools. Questionnaires and pre-test and post-test were used to collect quantitative data. A full disclosure of the nature of the study was given to subjects with an extended opportunity to ask questions and get their free consent to participate. The collected data was analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Data was described and summarized using, percentages, and means. Multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression analysis showed statistically significant effect on performance of students taught using preferred learning styles in geography and biology. In conclusion, this study sensitised teachers of the need to identify and teach their learners according to their preferred learning styles in order to enhance their performance in sciences. It recommended the ministry of education science and technology in Kenya to in-service, and train teachers to acquire the skills of detecting learning style preferences of students.

It is required to better understand the communication of emotion between the child and the parent. The factors underlying a parent's vulnerability to emotional problems have received relatively little attention from researchers. The empirical studies that have published suggest that the key determinants of a child's hospitalization relate to how the parents apprise the hospital stressors that confront them and how she or he evaluates the resources available to help to cope with the situation. To assess the level of stress among the parents of under five children who were admitted in selected hospitals at Gwalior (M.P.). To find out the association of level of stress among the parents of under five children who were admitted in selected hospitals with selected demographic variables. The study involved single group test without a control, using non-experimental descriptive design, with non-probability purposive sampling. 60 women were involved in data collection by using a structured questionnaire. The results were described using descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall knowledge score was found to be Majority of the parents (61%) had severe stress, 31% parents had moderate stress and only 7% of parents had mild stress. It reveals that the majority of the parents had severe stress. In relation to the stress score of parents mean, SD and mean percentage was in general aspects was 14.7, 3.23 and 73.5 and hospitalization was mean, SD and mean percentage was 11.12, 2.54 and 79.4 but regarding Treatment and Prognosis was mean, SD and mean percentage was 9.21, 2.24 and 73.4.In relation to the stress score of parents mean, SD and mean percentage was in Complication related to disease condition was mean, SD and mean percentage was 10.27, 2.93 and 73.4. Findings reveal that there is a significant association between the levels of stress when compared with parents Age, occupation, educational level, housing type, residence and age as well as birth order of the children. The overall findings of the study clearly showed that there is severe stress with the parents of a hospitalized under five children.

There are 2.6 million vulnerable children in Kenya. In the past, vulnerable children were taken care of by their kin, through informal arrangements. Today, a good number of vulnerable children are forced to find shelter in institutions such as children’s homes while others are forced to live in the streets. In 2014, the government of Kenya introduced the concept of alternative family care (AFC) with the view of replacing institutional care in addressing the problem of vulnerable children. Various AFC arrangements were introduced including adoption, foster care, guardianship, and kinship care. The purpose of the proposed study was to examine the influence of family structure on the choice of AFC arrangement offered to vulnerable children in Nakuru East Sub-County. The study was guided by Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. It utilized the descriptive survey design where data was collected through the use of questionnaires. The questionnaires contained both open-ended and close-ended questions. The target population comprised of 244 caregivers who were involved in some form of AFC in the 2016/17 financial year within the study area. The population was stratified in terms of the AFC arrangement in which the subjects were involved (adoption, foster care, guardianship, or kinship). From this population, a sample of 123 participants was selected using the proportionate stratified sampling method and 102 were able to complete the study. Data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings revealed that family structure particularly family type, family size, and family relationships have a statistically significant influence on choice of AFC. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should increase finance and other forms of support to caregivers in kinship care as findings show that the majority these caregivers have large family. Stakeholders should also raise awareness regarding the other form of AFC especially adoption, foster care and guardianship as there is the misconception that these AFC arrangements are for individuals who do not have biological children.

Population growth, aging, and sedentary lifestyles, particularly in developing countries, will create a crisis for population health that requires a multisystem response with musculoskeletal health services as a critical component. The prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal conditions increase with aging. Aim of this study assesses lifestyle elderly women Suffering from knee osteoarthritis pain. A descriptive research design used in this study. Was conducted at out patient orthopedic and rheumatology clinics at Nasr City Hospital and the Nile Hospital, affiliated to the National Health Insurance Organization Cairo Egypt. A purposive sample of 120 elderly women with OA. Tools the investigator will use four tools for collection of the data, namely an interview questionnaire, Lawton scale for the Activities of Daily Life Arthropometne measurement, Measure Body mass index, and a pain. Revealed 85% of study subjects from urban areas, suffered from OA since many years, and 68% Unsatisfactory knowledge and Adequate practices 71.7% and 80% was obese, and 73% suffered from Moderate pain. The results of the study show the lifestyle practices older women are higher than women's knowledge and higher in cases of moderate obesity and moderate pain in most elderly women. Health education about lifestyle modification, practice exercise should be provided to all female with OA attended to orthopedic and rheumatology clinic.

This paper is based on the observation that there is tension between single mothers and the Anglican Church of Kenya (A.C.K), Nakuru Diocese, Subukia Archdeaconry. In the Subukia A.C.K Archdeaconry, there is a tendency to regard single mothers (who are perceived as having broken the church norms) as sinners. This perception has existed for a long period. As a result single mothers have been excluded from the full life of the church. They are barred from partaking Eucharist and denied infant baptism (sacraments). They are also not allowed to take any leadership position and excluded from the church ministry hence they feel alienated from God. By contrast, there are other A.C.K Churches where single mothers are accepted, partake Eucharist and their infants are baptized. They are permitted to take any leadership position and are included in the full life of the church. This has prompted the question of whether the A.C.K has changed its administration since it is known to have uniformity in discharging its mandate. This contribution was based on theological and constitutional survey geared towards accommodating single mothers and curbing their increase in the church. At the same time, the church advocates marriage to be the ideal and Biblical way where children should be born. The paper offers a balance in which single mothers and the church coexist without compromising the dignity and discipline of the church.

In this study, a solid state processing tool for microstructure modification and material properties enhancement; friction stir processing (FSP) was applied on the surface of as-cast Al-Si-Cu-Ni aluminium alloy. Samples were subjected to FSP using fixed tool rotation speed 1400 rpm and traverse speed 42 mm/min, with tool angle tilted 3˚.The influence of the FSP on the microstructure and tensile properties of the cast AlSi-Cu-Ni alloy samples were studied. Microstructural evolution of the samples was investigated using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test carried out at 1 mm/min cross-head speed. The results showed that FSP improved the tensile strength of the samples by decreasing particles size and porosity. FSP improved the alloy strength by about 54%.

Chylous leakeage is a well know complication reported in 1% to 3% of patients undergoing cervical neck dissection, mediastinal lymph node dissection, or gastric resection for cancer as well in breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection; most of these cases occurs on the left side. This complication seems to be mainly related to abnormalities of the thoracic duct anatomy or the subclavian duct leading to injury of an aberrant lymphatic channel trunk during level I-II ALND. Two case reports in breast cancer patients with left sided chylous leakage following level I-II ALND are reported; their diagnostic and therapeutic management is discussed with a literature review in order to update the diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives in this peculiar clinical setting.

Successful endodontic treatment is based on the holy trinity of access preparation, chemo-mechanical cleaning and shaping and three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. The complexity of root canal system and its variations may adversely affectthe endodontic treatment outcome. Therefore it is necessary to be aware of the possible anatomic variations for their successful management. Adental practitioner seldom faces C-shaped canal configuration in the mandibular second molar during its endodontic treatment. This type of canal configuration may cause diagnostic and anatomic difficulties which can lead to endodontic mishaps, if not managed strategically. The presented case series unveils the endodontic management of the different types of Cshaped canal configurations that would occur in mandibular second molars through a case series of 5 reports.

The margin is one of the components of the cast restoration most susceptible to failure, both biologically and mechanically. Obtaining a good marginal seal is one of the most important factor in determining the long term success of cast restorations. The purpose of the study was to comparative evaluate the casting accuracy by axial coverage of the die spacer 1.00 mm short from the finish line and complete axial coverage of the die spacer. Irrespective of the method of the die spacer application, all the castings showed deficiency in the marginal fit. Efforts were made to select and utilize standard method. The enhancement of marginal fit with incomplete axial die spacer coverage by providing an area of close adaptation near the marginal area, thereby improving the marginal seal and thus reducing the dissolution of cementing media is of great clinical significance. Increased casting accuracy with die spacer application short by 1.00 mm from finish line could be due to the reason that unpainted area will ensure an area of close adaptation at the margin. From this study, it is clear that the die spacer application short by 1.00 mm from finish line gives better marginal adaptation to castings when compared to full length die spacer application

Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (d.1328), is one of the most quoted medieval scholars by contemporary jihadists from the 1980s to the present time. The frequent use of Ibn Taymiyyah by the jihadists in justifying their doctrines made many to believe that Ibn Taymiyyah share the same view with the contemporary jihadists on the issues of jihad and terrorism. This paper will analyse the other side of Ibn Taymiyyah on jihad by studying one of his treatises on jihad. In the treatise of Qāʿida mukhtaṣara fī qitāli al-kuffāri wa mudāhanatihim wa taḥrīmi qatlihim bi mujarradi kufrihim Ibn proved soft on the issue of jihad by arguing two issues. Firstly, that the infidels are not fought due to their disbelief, rather, if no danger is sensed from them they should only be subdued to paying jizya. Secondly, the jizya should not be restricted to the people of the Book, it should be collected from all the infidels. This paper will discuss the textual evidence of the treatise and analyse the two arguments in light of other works of Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn al-Qayyim.

Pericardial effusion is an extremely rare expression of hyperthyroidism. We report a case of a patient with Graves’ disease who developed a sanguineous pericardial effusion. Our patient had been hospitalized for retrosternal chest pain and dyspnea. She underwent pericardiocentesis resulting in 700 ml of blood. The pericardial fluid’s cytology and culture were negative. Besides, thyroid hormone markers were progressively normalized using antithyroid drugs .Thus the pericardial effusion resolved without recurrence.