Background: To assess the significance of umbilical cord blood alkaline phosphatase and umbilical cord blood bilirubin as a combined marker for prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: The present study was conducted in department of Pediatrics, Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, Janakpuri, New Delhi between march 2018 to september 2019 included 370 healthy full term newborns fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cord blood alkaline phosphatase level and cord blood bilirubin level were measured at birth. All the neonates were clinically observed for the development of jaundice for 5 days and serum bilirubin level estimation was done as and when required. Significant hyperbilirubinemia was considered when serum bilirubin level in term newborns was more than or equal to 12 mg/dl at 24 hrs of life, 15 mg/dl at 48 hrs, and 17 mg/dl at 72 hrs. Results: Out of 370 cases, 58 neonates developed significant hyperbilirubinemia i:e 16%. 28 babies had ABO incompatibility out of which 11 had significant hyperbilirubinemia (p=0.002) and 23 babies had RH incompatibility out of which 11 developed significant hyperbilirubineia (p <0.001). Mean ± SD cord blood bilirubin level in no significant hyperbilirubinemia group and significant hyperbilirubinemia group was 1.63±0.44 mg/dl and 2.49±0.22 mg/dl respectively with statistical analysis (p <0.001). There is no significant difference of cut off value of cord ALP level at 140.5 IU/L between significant and non significant hyperbilirubinemia group (p=0.398). Among Neonates with significant hyperbilirubinemia 55.18% were having cord blood bilirubin level >2.205mg/dl and cord blood ALP level >140.5 IU/L, in remaining 44.82% the cord blood bilirubin level was ≤2.205 mg/dl and cord blood ALP level was ≤140.5 IU/L and combined statistical analysis showed significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our study showed no significant association between cord blood ALP level and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Optimum

A 25 year old man presented in 2019 with increasing pain, coldness of left lower limb and lump at left popliteal fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before surgery and histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed after surgery. This demonstrated a 8x6x2 cm well defined soft tissue mass at the posterior compartment of knee engulfing tendons. A histopathologi¬cal differential diagnosis of benign spindle cell lesion leiomyoma and benign fibrous tumour was made. We describe this rare case of fibroma at posterior compartment of the knee with immunohistochemistry and treatment.

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease of great public health importance. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest incidence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection worldwide. However, the accessibility and affordability of HBV DNA quantification (viral load) assay which is the key laboratory test for therapy initiation, and monitoring is a challenge to HBV management. The study was done to evaluate serum levels of HBV-DNA concentration and HBsAg titers of hepatitis b virus-infected subjects at NAUTH Nnewi. Cross sectional study design was used with a total of 264 subjects comprising of 88 HBsAg seropositive treatment naïve subjects, 88 HBsAg seropositive subjects on antiviral therapy as case subjects and 88 age-matched apparently healthy HBsAg seronegative individuals were recruited as control subjects. Hepatitis BVirus DNA assay was performed using real time PCR technique, ELISA technique was used for Hepatitis B surface antigen quantification, Hepatitis Bcore Antibody Immunoglobulin M and Hepatitis D Virus Immunoglobulin G assay. Immunochromatography was used for HBV Panel, Hepatitis C Virus assay, Human Immunodeficiency Virus testing. HBsAg quantification showed strong positive correlation with HBV DNA viral load both in treatment and non-treatment groups (r = 0.673; p < 0.001). The non-treatment group has higher viral load (M=805.50IU/ml) compared with treatment group (M = 65.50IU/ml) (p<0.001).

It is worth noting that mobile telephony has revolutionised the way people and businesses carry out their daily life activities worldwide and Cameroon in particular. In this regard, telecommunications and information technology is of utmost important in our social life, the economy, the business and education among others. Regrettably, the interacting innovations in products, services and technologies with a general convergence or blurring of distinctions between platforms, products and services has greated enormous challenges in the mobile telephony sector. From the forgoing, there is the need for regulatory measures in the mobile telephony sector in Cameroon in order to enhance its digital economy. This paper therefore, seeks to examine the fundamental principles of mobile telecommunications sector in Cameroon. This paper also aims at identifying the regulatory mechanisms with deterrent sanctions and fundamental rights and obligation of regulatory bodies (telecom operators) and appraises the current status of mobile telephony in Cameroon. In order to attain the above objectives, we employed doctrinal and analytical research methodology. This paper therefore, conclude with a number of recommendations which if effectively implemented and enforced, will go a long way to improve on the regulatory frameworks governing mobile telecommunication sector in Cameroon as the country strive towards emergence by 2035.

This study aims to determine the implications of Illegal gold mining carried out by the community in Perentak village, Merangin Regency. The research method carried out is a qualitative method with a focus of attention on the household economy of rural communities and the environment, for that researchers hold interviews and discussions with communities in Perentak village and observe environmental changes. The results of the study found that the presence of Illegal gold mining conducted by the Perentak villagers had positive implications for the improvement of the household economy in the short term, but in the long term along with environmental changes as a result of the addition of gold without a permit had a negative impact on the environment which also had negative implications on the household economy.

The Mutual Fund Industry is a fast growing sector of the Indian Financial Markets. They have become major vehicle for mobilization of savings, especially from the small and household savers for investment in the capital market. Mutual Funds entered the Indian Capital Market in 1964 with a view to provide the retail investors the benefit of diversification of risk, assured returns, and professional management. Every type of investment, including Mutual Funds, involves risk. Risk refers to the possibility that investors will lose money (both principal and any earnings) or fail to make money on an investment. A Fund's investment objective and its holdings are influential factors in determining how risky a fund is. Reading the prospectus will help the investors to understand the risks associated with that particular Fund. The study aimed to understand and analyze investor’s perceptions of such risks and expectations, and unveil some extremely valuable information to support financial decision making of Mutual Funds. The detailed analysis revealed that investors perceive risk as under performance, risks in Mutual Fund investments are medium and the returns on Fund investments are not so satisfactory.

The comparative analysis is conducted to ascertain the performance of Conventional and Islamic Banks operating in the UAE for 5 years from 2014-2018. In order to compare, the author has chosen top 6 Conventional and Islamic banks, respectively, operating in the country. Several ratios are chosen to compare both Islamic and conventional banks. As per the Central Bank of UAE website, banks are classified into locally incorporated banks and branches of foreign banks which have obtained licenses to operate in the UAE. Accordingly, as at 30 June 2019, there are 22 local national banks, 27 branches of foreign banks and 11 wholesale foreign bank branches. Among the locally incorporated banks, there are 6 Islamic banks. Given the consolidation that is happening in the UAE economy, some of the Islamic banks are on the brink of getting merged with other local UAE based banks. Although there is demand for Islamic products, UAE Islamic banks enjoy a relatively small market share as compared to its conventional counterparts.

Temporomandibular joint reconstruction (TMJR) is often required for patients with severe and/or refractory TMJ disease who have failed conservative treatment. TMJR helps improve masticatory function and is linked to improved quality of life outcomes. Alloplastic reconstruction is currently considered the treatment of choice for most serious TMJ disorders due to its many advantages, including but not limited to early recovery, consistent long-term outcomes and significant improvements in the function of the jaw. Two types of TMJR prostheses are available for reconstruction, broadly speaking: 1) inventory, and 2) custom-made prostheses. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of TMJR's fundamental principles and concepts to the reader while referring to applicable existing literature.

This study aims to examine the effect of internal auditor competence and internal control systems on fraud behavior in the Financial Services Authority. Sampling in this study using the primary data method. Data was collected using a survey method by distributing questionnaires to the Financial Services Authority office. The target of this research is all auditors in OJK, but respondent data is received and can be processed 60 respondent answers. The method used in this study is the method of analyzing correlation data with IBM SPSS version 25 software. To test the quality of the instrument used is done by validity and reliability test, T test, F test and coefficient of determination test. Correlation data analysis results show that variations in fraud behavior variables can be explained by variations in internal audit competency variables and internal control systems by 64.5%. F statistical test shows that the model used is able to predict fraud behavior and is statistically significant. The T static test shows that the auditor internal competency variable has a positive effect on fraud behavior and statistical significance, and the internal control system variable has no effect on fraud behavior and has no statistical significance. The results showed that the internal auditor competency variable had a positive effect on fraud behavior while the internal control system variable had no effect on fraud behavior. The results of the hypothesis submission provide the synthesis that the better the internal competence of the auditor, the better the fraud behavior produced by the auditor.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) belongs to a group of related disorders called spondyloarthropathies. It is the most common and most typical form of spondyloarthropathy. Men are usually affected three times more than women. The disease is characterized with inflammatory back pain starting in adolescence and early adulthood. When patients are diagnosed after the age of 45 years, it is possibly because symptoms over the years have been minimal. Methods: This was a prospective study of patients that were seen in the rheumatology out-patients department of a specialist hospital over a period of one year. A detailed history of back pain, heel pain, enthesopathy and peripheral arthritis were obtained. Histories of conjunctivitis, urethritis, inflammatory bowel disease and family history of ankylosing spondylitis were obtained. Inclusion criteria were patients that were previously diagnosed as AS and those who met the modified New York criteria for classification of AS. A thorough examination of spinal and extra-spinal regions was carried out. Investigations carried out included rheumatoid factor, tissue typing, plain radiograph and magnetic resonance image of the sacroiliac joints. Results: There were 840 patients that presented in the rheumatology clinic over the study period. Thirty two patients presented with various spondyloarthropathies while 12 of them were diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis. Male to female ratio was 11: 1. The age range of the patients was 18 - 54 years with a mean of 46 ± 4 years. The duration of symptoms varied between 9 months to 28 years. Frequencies of initial presentation were low back pain in five, peripheral arthritis in four, heel pain in two and uveitis in one patient. Extra–articular presentations included aortic incompetence, pulmonary fibrosis and non-specific abdominal pain. All the patients had sacroiliitis. Joint involvement was asymmetrical and joints of the lower limbs were majorly affected. Test for rheumatoid factor was

The study is an application of VAR Granger Causality test on time series data. It conducted on United Kingdom (UK) annual data from 1989 to 2017. The time-series analysis used. Both formal and informal method is used to determine the stationary level. For regression analysis, Vector Autoregression model and Johnson cointegration equation used. The result found that interest rate and inflation are stationary at first difference, i.e. I(1). VAR Granger causality test between inflation and interest rate found that there is bilateral causality among these variables.

This research aims to proofs the existence of antecedents in the intention to conduct research leading to professional commitment. The gap in the current practice is the need to increase Indonesia's academic rank in the world due to a decrease in various indicators. As for previous studies, limited information on professional commitment by researchers is found especially in Indonesia. Researchers propose personal and external related variables; personal variables include Attitude toward Behaviors, and Perceived Behavioral Control; whereas external related variables include Subjective Norm, Institutional Support and Research Related Policy. Study to 235 academicians in Indonesia produce a conclusion that perceived behavioral control is the only variable in TPB that is the antecedent toward the intention. Meanwhile, external related variables fail to show its significance, with the exception of Research Related Policy, showing the need in finding other extraneous variables in the future. Intention to do research can impact researcher’s professional commitment.

Good corporate governance is needed to improve the performance of a bank, especially Sharia banks. The mechanism of good governance is the existence of a board of directors as executors of management and a board of commissioners as supervisors. This study aims to analyze the influence of the board of directors and the board of commissioners in improving financial performance. The study was conducted on 5 sharia commercial banks from 2013 to 2018 which had the largest assets using secondary data. The method used is a quantitative analysis using multiple regression. The results showed that the board of directors did not have a significant influence on financial performance, while the board of commissioners had a negative influence on the financial performance of Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers accounting for 96% of all head and neck cancers. Beside the different endogenous and environmental risk factors, epigenetics play an important role in causing OSCC. Epigenetics shed light on the presence of inherited changes in the phenotype of a gene with the absence of an alteration in the DNA sequence. The epigenetic modifications can result in the emersion of cancer, autoimmune diseases, aging and other diseases. Under several circumstances, DNA undergoes methylation. This methylation might be related to normal development or serious diseases like cancer. DNA methylation is a heritable biochemical modification occurs predominantly by transferal of a methyl group to C- 5 position of the cytosine ring (CpGs) which may cause epigenetic disturbances. This review aims toward investigating the genetics in literature to help in diagnosing OSCC with new modalities that are less invasive compared to histopathology. Studied genes including ECAD, DAPK, MGMT and P53 has different methylation frequencies in relation to OSCC which may be related to their significant role in early diagnosis and prognosis. Since genetics has a major role in OSCC, we searched most recently reported genes and technologies seeking early detection and treatment of OSCC results in a better prognosis and more conservative treatment.

Objective: The objective of the study was to formulate a mouth fast dissolving tablets of Aceclofenac and its invitro evaluation. Materials and methods: Aceclofenac mouth dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression method. Three batches were prepared. The tablets were evaluated by hardness, friability, disintegration test, wetting test and in-vitro dissolution method. Results: The granules were evaluated by determining the angle of repose (24.58±0.602° to 30.29±0.327), bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, and Carr’s index. The prepared Aceclofenac tablets were subjected to measurement of hardness (4.2 ±0.08, 4.5 ±0.06 and 5.5 ±0.05 kg/cm2 respectively), friability (0.88±0.02, 0.67±0.08, and 0.55±0.07 % respectively), disintegration, wetting and invitro release study. All parameters were satisfactory within limit. Conclusion: So, it is concluded that the F3 batch is better than another batch. The release pattern is depending upon the amount of Sodium starch glycolate added. Though long-term stability study is required for future development of these formulations.