HIV infection is known to be a factor associated with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this work is to draw the attention of clinicians working in a resource-limited environment to the risk run by these patients in hospitalization in order to be able to prevent and ensure early and adequate management allowing the reduction of thrombotic risk andits complications. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 2022 to May 2023, all patients hospitalized for advanced HIV disease were assessed by the Padua score supported by the D-dimer test. The data was collected in strict confidentiality. Out of a total of 400 hospitalized patients 40 were identified as being at being at risk of developing venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). The average age was 33, 6 years, 28 patients were female (70%).Coma (37,5%) and dyspnea(30%) were the main reasons for consultation. Cellular immunosuppression was severe (CD4∠200 mm3) in 95% of patients disseminated tuberculosis(50%), pneumocystosis carini pneumonia(25%), sepsis(12,5%), neuromeningeal cryptococcosis(7,5%) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (5%) were the main associated opportunistic conditions. 28(70%) patients were naïve to antiretrovirals and 12(30%) had been on retroviral treatment for six months. 12(30%) patients died, 8(20%) patients progressed well, and 20(50%) were lost sight of for lack financed mean.

Background: Achalasia is a medical ailment characterized by irregular contractions of the esophagus and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. This condition results in difficulty swallowing food and liquids, and often leads to regurgitation and heartburn. Case presentation: This case report describes a 36-year-old female patient who presented with difficulty swallowing, heartburn, chest pain, and coughing while eating or drinking. The patient had lost significant weight despite a good appetite, and a physical examination revealed poor nutrition. Esophageal manometry confirmed the diagnosis of Achalasia Type 1, and endoscopy showed severe Candida esophagitis and a very dilated esophagus with diverticula. Due to the patient's condition and endoscopic finding of diverticula, surgery was considered, as she did not qualify for the Peroral Endoscopic Myomectomy (POEM) procedure. The patient was treated with fluconazole to address the esophageal candidiasis, and NG feeding was initiated to improve weight and nutrition. After recovering, the patient underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication using a video laryngoscope to facilitate intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with O2/air with Sevoflurane, and the patient was extubated and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. Conclusion: Achalasia is a frequently researched esophageal motility disorder that is distinguished by inadequate relaxation of the LES and absent or irregular peristalsis in the esophagus. Common symptoms in most patients include difficulty swallowing solids and liquids, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of Achalasia Type 1, as well as the use of rapid sequence induction and proper anesthesia techniques during surgery.

Infections are frequent complications of hospitalization. Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections or hospital acquired infections are endogenous or exogenous infections which a patient acquires either during hospitalization or soon after discharge from the hospital. Hospitals and hospital-like settings tend to gather many sick under one roof and hence, serve as a reservoir of numerous infectious agents. These overcrowded healthcare settings with inability to maintain hygienic conditions are threat not only to the patients but also to the healthcare workers. Increasing population of immune-compromised patients including the aged-ones, unsafe medical care, surgical procedure, injections, transplants are some of the major causes of spread of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections have severe adverse effects. It leads to emotional stress, functional disability and even death in certain cases. Mortality caused by nosocomial infections in India is more than any other form of accidental death. It also prolongs the hospital stays and adds to the economic burden of managing the underlying disease. The active cooperation of the Healthcare workers for better implementation of the existing preventive and control measures along with the technical advances will contribute much to fight against the nosocomial infections.

The teaching of Physical Education and Sports (PES) is increasingly compromised in Djibouti, as most of the new middle and secondary schools built in the past two decades do not have playgrounds. This situation has meant that some students have never had access to physical and sports activities as part of their school curriculum. They consequently suffer the detrimental consequences of this situation, particularly on health, well-being, and overall development. To carry out this research, we have analyzed several data sources, such as internal reports and statistical directories of the national education system. We have also studied legislative documents, articles, reports, and chapters on the evolution of school education in Djibouti, as well as ethnographic surveys. Through descriptive analyses, the purpose of this article is to highlight the disparities that exist among different schools in terms of playground equipment and, by extension, access to physical and sports activities. Ultimately, this article emphasizes the urgent need to address the crisis of playgrounds in schools to ensure a better future for PES and enable students to benefit from the physical, social, and educational advantages associated with engaging in physical and sports activities.

Background: Nasal foreign body (NFB) refers to an object which lodges into nasal cavity. A case of 11 years old boy who presented at our clinic with a three year history of nasal bromihidrosis and discharge from the nostrils was reported by the parents, and added that it was persistent since one year ago. Methods: A dark object was visualized at the turbinate of the right nostril. The visible object was sounded with a forceps extractor to confirm the nature of the object. The nose was swabbed; debris cleaned and with the forceps extractor a gentle traction was carried out as the forceps grabbed the object. There was little or no resistance but two attempts to grab the object failed. On the third attempt, the forceps was able grip the object firmly and on pulling, the object was gently extracted from the area of impaction behind the right turbinate. Conclusion: The NFB was observed to be a stone embedded with purulent nasal discharge. This case emphasizes the need for parents and caregivers to be aware of the complications associated with presence of NFBs and need to seek prompt medical attention.

Infection prevention must be a top concern in all dental settings, regardless of the level of care offered, and all settings must be set up to follow standard precautions and other infection prevention guidelines. This study's objective was to evaluate dental assistants' knowledge with infection control guidelines. In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional survey of female dental assistants was carried out. To collect information on knowledge of infection control, a 27-question survey was given out from January to March 2023. Comparisons that were both descriptive and statistical were made. The sample for the study included 125 female dental assistants. Among participants, correctly knew the essentials of infection control scored 88%. The percentage of correct responses for the understanding of personal protective equipment (PPE) was high (97%). The least amount of knowledge (82%) was possessed about sterilizing dental equipment. No statistically significant differences were found between any of the comparisons. With limitations, we concluded from the study that, with an overall score of 88%, the participants were knowledgeable on ways to decrease infection in dental clinics. Promoting infection control practices, risk awareness education, and initiatives that encourage the adoption of all precautions should be prioritized. Dental assistants need to have more information given how crucial infection control is to their field of work.

Halal pharmaceuticals involve drugs, medicinal ingredients, traditional medicines, and cosmetics that contain permitted ingredients and are produced according to Islamic rules and regulations. The purpose of this research was to identify the types and sources of halal pharmaceutical documents published in PubMed from 2001 to 2021, as well as the most productive halal pharmaceutical authors and the keywords and topics associated with this field. The method used is bibliometric analysis with the VOS viewer application evaluated studies with halal pharmaceutical keywords. After analyzing all of the 369 documents, it was found that 44.15% of them were articles, 39.3% reviews, 7.3% meta-analyses, and 5.7% systematic reviews. The most significant documents were from Advancer in Experimental Medicine and Biology, followed by Molecules, Life Sciences, and Phytotherapy Research. Publications increased significantly, reaching 157 in 2020 and 101 in 2021. The most published authors were Sahebkar with 221 documents, Jamialahmadit with 63 papers, and Sathyapalan with 41 documents. The most common keywords were human, animal, and male, while the trending topics were COVID-19, degenerative diseases, and curcumin.

India recorded large and exogenous capital inflow from the very beginning of this century. This made monetary and liquidity management increasingly complex and difficult in India. Independent monetary policy in the era of free and volatile capital flow became challenging. To deal with the problems of excess liquidity in the system, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in consultation with the Government of India (GOI) introduced Market Stabilisation Scheme (MSS) in April 2004 with the objective of impounding excess liquidity from the system. In this paper, we have attempted to examine whether MSS was effective as an instrument of sterilisation in absorbing excess liquidity from the system and enabled the RBI to manage the liquidity condition smoothly. This paper has found that MSS was an effective instrument of sterilisation that helped the RBI in managing liquidity conditions in the period of large and exogenous capital inflows. This paper has also found that MSS was even effective in injecting back liquidity into the system through unwinding of securities under MSS redemption and its buyback operations in the period of large capital outflows during the international financial crisis of 2008-09. This helped the large borrowing programmes of the government during 2009-10. The paper has estimated the cost of MSS operations and found it on the lower side considering the scale of operation of this scheme.

Cancer is one of the most leading causes of mortality in the general population. Most cancers are accompanied with pain. Pain management in cancer is just as important as treatment of cancer for better quality of life for the patient. The primary objective of the study includes the role of opioids in managing cancer pain and also check for dose titrations, ADRs of opioids and its management and the role of Co-Analgesics used in Cancer Pain Management. A retrospective, observational study of 5 years from 1st June 2016 to 31st May 2021. The study was conducted in the Oncology department of Lourde’s hospital, Kochi which is a tertiary care teaching hospital.98 patients admitted in the oncology department who were taking opioids for their cancer pain management and who were included based on the inclusion criteria .The patient’s pain scores were obtained and statistical analysis was done, which showed p < 0.001, there is a significant difference existing between pain among cancer patients before and after taking opioids. This proves that there is a significant reduction in pain after taking opioids. All patients received adequate dose titration (100%) and the main ADR recorded was constipation [22.4%]. Also the use of co-analgesics significantly plays a role in mitigating the pain intensity in patients with cancer. The study found that the use of opioids as analgesic medication for cancer patients is the cornerstone for cancer pain management because of the effectiveness of opioids in mitigating pain.

Healthcare industry in Saudi Arabia has been progressing with the advancement in technology. Patients have been getting better healthcare facilities with the introduction of digital innovations. New facilities launched in the market are using digital platforms to reach the masses. The approach taken now days to handle the business has transformed for the better with the digital technology. This article would help in analyzing the client satisfaction in healthcare market in Saudi Arabia. The study would focus on the new advancements in healthcare industry using digital technology to launch new facilities in the market for better treatment of the patients. The feedback received and the pain points of the customer can be used further to develop the new facilities using digital platforms. The analysis would cover the healthcare market and the digital impact on the new facilities and client satisfaction in the healthcare environment.

Nigeria's industrial zone is often seen as an instrument of economic development, and the financial sector is frequently seen as the fuel that accelerates the growth of that sector. These two areas are bound to interact in a way that benefits both. To that end, this study evaluated the impact of money market activities on industrial production in Nigeria. Quantitative data (time series data) was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria's statistics bulletin in 2021. The findings discovered that the interest rate was a highly predictive and negative factor for industrial sector production in Nigeria, but had little to no influence on production directly. But there exists a strong positive correlation amid the money supply and industrial production in Nigeria. Findings suggest that money market interest rates should be decreased and maintained by regulatory bodies at current levels. It is the job of the central bank to make sure there is always enough cash on hand for productive endeavours.

Triumfetta cordifolia is used in traditional medicine to treat inflammation in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, however, the aqueous methanol extract of T. cordifolia leaves have not been explored scientifically to confirm this ethno-medicinal claim using animal model. In this study, aqueous methanol extract of T. cordifolia leaves was tested for its anti- inflammatory properties and the profiling of flavonoid components using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was performed utilizing a rat model of formalin-induced paw edema. The extract's anti-inflammatory effectiveness against formalin-induced paw edema revealed notable anti-inflammatory effects. The percentage inhibition of the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg with 10.69% inhibition was comparable to the standard drug aspirin with 10.69% inhibition while the dose of 100 and 250 mg/kg has higher percentage inhibition (13.58%) in comparison with the standard drug aspirin (10.69%) at same time interval all in the curative measure. The major flavonoid compounds from the HPLC analysis include kaempferol, quercitrin, (+) - catechin, luteolin, quercetin, myricetin, hesperidin, narigin, apigenin and rutin. Thus, it can be suggested that the high content of flavonoids may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by the methanol extract of T. cordifolia. Therefore, the results obtained in this study shows that the methanol leaf extract of T. cordifloia possess potent anti-inflammatory activity in acute inflammation.

The aim of this analysis is to compare and contrast the numerous categories of preformed crowns that can be used to restore the primary teeth in children. Historically, preformed crowns have been widely available for the past 50 years. The clinical performance of preformed crowns has evolved to meet higher functional, mechanical, and aesthetic demands. Preformed crowns are available in a range of prefabricated sizes and shapes. Preformed crowns can vary depending on their properties, compounds, methods of preparation and biocompatibility.

Background: It is well known that education and learning can be linked with lucid, playful and pleasurable experiences. Aim: This study evaluated the knowledge, attitude and practice of edutainment among anatomy educators. Methods: The study was conducted among Anatomy educators in four Colleges of Medicine in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design with a validated structured questionnaire. A total of 34 lecturers (8 females and 24 males) participated in the study. Results: Thirty one (91.2%) of our respondents has heard of edutainment. Their major source of information was from the internet (n=19; 61.3%) followed by conferences (n=9; 29%). Our respondents showed a positive attitude to edutainment. 28 (82.4%) of our respondents said edutainment is not part of their curriculum and 24 (70.6%) of our respondents use edutainment to teach anatomy. Conclusion: Edutainment in anatomy teaching is necessary and will be productive, there is need to complement traditional teaching method (lectures) with edutainment in anatomy teaching in other to increase students’ interest and understanding.

The aim of this study is to investigate the physiologic effect of prolonged consumption of Raphia Hookeri fruits pulp aqueous extract on renal functions of male wistar rats. A total of 32 male wistar rats of weight ranging from 130gram to 200grams were used. The extract was administered orally for each 4 groups except control (group1) for twenty-eight (28) days. Group 1 rats were given animal feed and water only, group 2 were given 500mg/kg body weight of the extract, group 3 were given 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract, group 4 were given 2000mg/kg body weight of extract. The statistical analysis done using mean and standard deviation, P value at ≤ 0.05 and results showed that the sodium ion levels in all the test groups were marginally raised when compared to group 1, potassium ion levels in all test groups had only non-significant variations when compared to both the control and test groups but in test groups were seen to be slightly reduced with respect to group 1. Groups 2, 3 and 4 indicated elevated bicarbonate ion but of all, it was most and significant in group 4 when compared to group 1. Chloride ion indicated non-uniform and non-significant changes when compared to both the control and test groups. Creatinine all indicates non-significant effects of the extract when compared to group 1. The increase observed in urea and creatinine indicates that kidney function would deteriorate as it prolongs which negatively alter the renal physiology of the male wistar rats.