This study aims to study the role of balanced scorecard dimensions (financial perspective, student perspective, internal operations perspective, learning and growth perspective, community partnership perspective) in evaluating spending efficiency in public universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: an applied study on the colleges of Qassim University, which is Raising the efficiency of government spending issued by the Authority for the Efficiency of Spending and Government Projects is one of the goals of the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The study will answer the following question: Does the balanced scorecard apply with its following dimensions (financial perspective, student perspective, internal operations perspective, learning and growth perspective, community partnership perspective) A role in evaluating spending efficiency in Saudi public universities? The study population consists of the colleges of Qassim University, and a sample will be taken from the administrative leaders in the colleges of Qassim University. The data of the current study was collected using the survey method for the study sample by means of a questionnaire, and data analysis using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The current study found that there is a statistically significant relationship (α ≤ 0.05) between (financial perspective, student perspective, internal operations perspective, learning and growth perspective, community partnership perspective) and evaluating spending efficiency in Saudi public universities. The study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: the use of the balanced scorecard in public universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - as a new method for measuring performance evaluation based on its four axes in an integrated manner in addition to the community partnership dimension - that will achieve its strategic objectives in order to enhance its competitive position, work to attract qualified cadres And the ability to design a balanced scorecard and apply it efficiently and effectively in all colleges, which helps it in monitoring and evaluating the financial and operational performance, and Each college should seeks to identify opportunities to raise the spending efficiency , and to establish an independent unit "Spending Efficiency Unit", to adopt best practices and methods, and to prepare reports and measure the efficiency of spending in the colleges.

Several factors contributed to the elevated levels of water pollution in the earth surface increasing the risk of wastewater pollution. Inorganic metal irons and suspended liquid metals are also leads cause of water pollution. Physical treatments for water treatment include the use of effective membrane filters in two ways. Small membrane filter and large membrane filters also used for commercial applications. Different types of nanoparticles are used for the treatment of organic contaminants suspended in the wastewater. The adsorption of a reactive dye through the hydroxyapatite (HAP) leads the excellent filtration of ions in the wastewater. Different types of photocatalytic reactors are used for the treating the large amount of wastewater in effective ways. These included the titanium based photocatalytic reactors that employed the sub-micron TiO2 particles from the treated water which accompany the treatment process. Polymer composites are used for removal of wastewater due to their low operating temperat Nanofiltration also used for removal of wastewater due to the formation of utilizing of the semipermeable membrane allows the fine removal of the different ions and different types of pollutants ure and susceptibility to environmental degradation as compared to other operations.

The objectives of this study are to analyze the weaknesses in the regulation of False Statements In Corruption Cases Pretrial Currently and how to reconstruct the regulation of False Statements In Corruption Case Pretrial As Quasi-Delict based on the value of justice, using the constructivism paradigm. The approach method used in this research is social legal research, concept approach, and comparative approach. The results of the study found that the Weaknesses is regarding the fact that whistleblowers (reporters) and justice collaborators (who participate in providing the information) have actually been included in the scope of parties that need to be protected in Law no. 13 of 2006, however, due to the lack of strict provisions, problems arose in its implementation, not to mention the long process of making the minutes of examination, the low understanding of law enforcement officials in the pretrial mechanism, and the low public awareness in giving correct witness testimony. Therefore, The Reconstruction proposed by the author is in the form of harmonization of the article, Article 174 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code by highlighting the punishment in the form of a minimum sentence of 3 (three) years and maximum 12 (twelve) years and/or a fine of at least Rp. 150,000,000.00 (one hundred fifty million rupiahs) and a maximum of Rp. 600,000,000.00 (six hundred million rupiahs) for false statement.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi and are capable of causing various diseases in humans and animals. They are naturally occurring chemical substances and are chemically stable which is why they pose a great threat to public health. Accumulation of mycotoxins in the food chain can cause hazardous effects in human. The gut microbiota has a bidirectional relationship with mycotoxin, being the leading cause of the development of mycotoxicosis. These fungal toxins exhibit a number of adverse health effects in animals, even at very low concentrations, and have been associated to cases of acute and chronic poisoning of humans and farm animals since historical times. Preventive measure for controlling contamination should be adopted both before and after harvest. Mycotoxin occurrence cannot be completely avoided, but a number of measures aiming at minimizing mycotoxin levels and mycotoxin exposure can be implemented at multiple points in the food and feed chains.

The purpose of this research is to find the weakness of the Juvenile Crime System and how to reconstruct the law based on dignified justice in socio-legal research, using the constructivism paradigm. The approach method used in this research is social legal research, concept approach, and comparative approach. Research result shows the Weaknesses that causes the law cannot be implemented properly because the provisions on the terms of Diversion regarding the limitation of criminal penalties under 7 years in Article 7 of the Juvenile Crime System (SPPA) Law which are based on the application of the article during investigations and prosecutions allow for subjective views in addition to the fact that there are several law enforcers who do not implement a legal provision as they should. Therefore, the legal reconstruction is in the form of the Elimination of the conditions for imprisonment under 7 (seven) years in Article 7 paragraph (2) letter (a) of the SPPA Law. The general principles contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child should be taken into consideration to amend or remove conditional restrictions on diversion for imprisonment under 7 years because they have deviated from the essence of children's rights and the general principles contained in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

This paper is about contrastively analyzing the on, at, in and káŋ, to, kóno adpositional phrases between English and Mandinka using the RRG theory. By using English secondary data, Mandinka primary data derived from interviews and some elicitation techniques that were carried out among native speakers, this article focuses its analysis on how the aforementioned adpositions are used in discourse to help locate referents in relation to reference points that either refer to space or time. In doing so, it has found some similarities and differences between the two languages as far as the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic interpretations are concerned. Two types of adpositions are distinguished in the two languages: predicative and nonpredicative adpositions. The adpositional phrases are then interpreted according to whether they are predicative or nonpredicative.

Background: The E-test involves using a predefined antibiotic gradient on a strip, which is then placed on an agar plate containing the bacterial culture. The point at which the antibiotic concentration on the strip causes inhibition of bacterial growth is taken as the MIC. This method allows for the rapid and accurate determination of the MIC of antibiotics against specific bacterial strains and can aid in selecting appropriate antibiotics for treatment. Objectives: The aim of this study was also to include a comparison of the results with those of previous studies and an evaluation of the study's limitations. Method: A cross-sectional microbiological study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, and the Department of ENT Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh, from January to December 2019. This section will provide a detailed description of the methods used in the study, including the study design, sampling methods, and procedures for collecting and analyzing the data. The methods section will also explain the E-test method used to determine MIC, including the procedure for performing the test and the criteria for interpreting the results. Results: A total of 96 samples, among 73 isolates from 68 culture-positive cases, 37 isolates showed intermediate susceptibility towards selected antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones by disc diffusion method. Regarding MIC breakpoint in terms of susceptibility, out of 21 intermediate isolates of S. aureus, 16(76.2%) were susceptible, 01(4.8%) was intermediate, and 04(19%) were resistant to different antibiotics by E-test. Conclusion: In general, the conclusion of such an article would likely summarize the study's findings, such as the MIC values for the different antibiotics tested and how they compare to established MIC breakpoints, and any significant observations or trends noted. It may also discuss the clinical relevance of the results and provide recommendations for future research.

This paper investigated students' perspectives toward entrepreneurship at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences during Semester 1, AY 2020-2021, when the COVID-19 pandemic was at its peak. The study's goal is to look into the major aspects that influence the respondents' inclinations toward entrepreneurship. The impact of role models, entrepreneurship's image, curriculum and content, personal learning approaches, and respondents' overall attitudes about motivation in pursuing entrepreneurial endeavors in the face of the epidemic. The results were interpreted using descriptive analysis, Cronbach Alpha was used to assess the questionnaire's dependability, multivariate statistical normality of skewness and kurtosis were used to assess normality, and a non-parametric test using the Mann-Whitney test was used to measure the p-value measuring the significance of results. Essentially, the numerous items examined yielded a favorable outcome; as a result of the findings, students are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities.

Aim: Hypoglycemia is a major barrier to achieving proper glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This study aims to document the incidence of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and assess its association with potential risk factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Medicine outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. A total of 174 patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus were interviewed using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire- Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire. Patients with hormone-secreting disorders or pregnant women were excluded. Another questionnaire recorded various potential risk factors. Statistical test for proportions was used to assess the association between incidence of hypoglycemia and the risk factors. Results: Majority (92.5%) had a positive history of hypoglycemic events. A significant association was established between frequency of hypoglycemia, and duration of disease, BMI, sedentary lifestyle and insulin usage. Regularity of food intake, drug compliance and alcohol consumption were not significant factors. Conclusion: Increased incidence of hypoglycemia was significantly associated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors including insulin therapy, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and chronicity of the disease. This knowledge shall help medical practitioners to strategize individualized care and maintain glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Introduction: Cataract is the leading cause of curable blindness in the world. Its treatment is surgical. The aim was to evaluate the functional results of cataract surgery in a second referral centre in Mali (Nianankoro FOMBA Hospital in Ségou) with reference to the quality standards of the World Health Organisation. Patients and methods: Prospective descriptive study conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 in the ophthalmology department of the Nianankoro FOMBA hospital in Ségou, in patients aged 40 years and over with cataract. Results: During the study, 954 eyes were operated on, of which 522 (54.7%) were female. The average age was 64.28 years. The occupation of housewife was 52.7%. The main reason for consultation was the decrease in visual acuity with 96.1%. Hypertension and diabetes were 20.1% and 5.7% respectively. The initial uncorrected distance visual acuity was less than 1/10 in 94.2% of cases. At 30 days postoperatively, the good, average and poor results were respectively 82.92%, 12.01% and 5.06% without optical correction, decreasing to 92.56%, 4.51% and 2.93% respectively after optical correction. Discussion: These results met the World Health Organization standards which recommend a value greater than or equal to 80% without correction and greater than 90% with correction for good results and a value of less than 5% for poor results with correction. Conclusion: Cataract surgery with Phaco A is a simple solution that gives good results and is well adapted to our socio-economic context.

Red onion skin extract and quercetin dihydrate modified with 2-aminophenol were used as adsorbents to extract Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from their aqueous solutions. The unmodified and modified adsorbents were characterized using some physicochemical parameters such as melting point, solubility in different solvents, thin layer chromatography and FTIR. The FTIR revealed presence of various functional groups in the structure of modified and unmodified red onion skin extract and quercetin dihydrate. Extraction studies result showed that the maximum pH for metal removal is 3.30, 8.00 and 6.46 for Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ respectively. The percentage removal and adsorption capacities of the metal ions increased with increasing contact time, dosage and metal ion concentration. Quercetin dihydrate-diazonium salt (QDDS) showed a higher percentage removal for Cu2+ (99.19 %) than Ni2+ and Zn2+ while Red onions skin extract- diazonium salt (ROSEDS) showed a similar percentage removal for Cu2+ (98.57%) > Ni2+ (84.51%) > Zn (66.86%). Heavy metal ions were removed in this order; Cu2+ (99.19%) > Ni2+ (87.64%) > Zn2+ (71.56%) using QDDS. The adsorption kinetic studies and isotherm studies indicated that Pseudo-second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model best describe the adsorption processes. Therefore, ROSEDS and QDDS have proven to be an effective adsorbent for heavy metal ions from waste waters and industrial effluents.

This paper presents the behavior of three different types of irregular low-rise buildings, subjected to earthquake load. The study is performed by numerically modelling the buildings for the linear static analysis. Structural parameters displacements, drift, and storey shear are checked for various time periods of the building. The same models are also analyzed using nonlinear pushover analysis. The model is made nonlinear by introducing the hinges in the beam and column. The execution of nonlinear analysis is done by applying push in X and push in Y directions in controlled displacement mode. After the execution of nonlinear pushover analysis, different colours of hinges were formed, which were used as a basis for the study. The parameters like maximum displacement, max storey drift, and storey shear were computed in both in X and Y directions. Peak ground acceleration of Gorkha earthquake, EI Centro earthquake, and Kobe earthquakes was used for time history analysis. The results for max displacement, base shear, and max storey drift are presented and the comparison is made for the different building models. The study showed that a building behaves well in seismic loading even though they have an irregular plan with a larger structure size, compared to a building that has a regular plan and a smaller structural member size.

Introduction: Severe unitary atrophies in the horizontal direction make the direct insertion of dental implants difficult. Block grafting or guided bone regeneration in small sites is also complex, sometimes requiring a highly predictable option. The insertion of small-platform, low-diameter implants can be a safe and effective alternative for these sites, even on a single-unit basis. In the following article we present a series of cases rehabilitated with these implants. Material and Methods: Patients with horizontal atrophy of a tooth requiring the insertion of a single implant in the premolar and canine area were recruited, and 3 mm platform implants with a diameter of 3.3 mm were placed between May 2018 and December 2019 in a dental clinic in Vitoria, Spain. Marginal crestal bone loss was calculated by measuring from the implant shoulder to the first site where bone-to-implant contact was evident. The reference for comparing the radiographic records and thus estimating the bone loss produced in each of the patients was the radiograph taken at the time of prosthesis insertion. Qualitative variables were described by frequency analysis. Quantitative variables were described by means of mean and standard deviation. Implant survival was calculated using the Kaplan- Meier method. Result: Eight patients were recruited and eight 3.0 implants were placed in the canine and premolar region in a unitary form with a diameter of 3.3 mm. All implants were rehabilitated in a unitary form, in two phases, using a screw-retained prosthesis with unitary transepithelial. The mean follow-up time was 39.8 months (+/- 18). Survival of the implants studied was 100% and of the prostheses as well. The mean mesial crestal bone loss of the implants studied was 0.77 mm (+/- 0.01) and distal bone loss was 0.35 mm (+/- 0.7). Conclusions: Implants with a reduced diameter and platform can be used as a unit provided that a correct surgical and prosthetic treatment plan is followed, analysing the case as a whole and individualising the approach for each patient.

A study was carried out in the Biaro forest to determine the vulnerability index of the species Alstonia congenis, Cynometra hankei, Cynometra sessiliflora and Milicia excelsa. Over an area of 50 hectares; 526 trunks of Alstonia congensis, 87 trunks of Cynometra hankei, 482 trunks of Cynometra sessiliflora and 482 trunks of Milicia excelsa were identified by the method of mesuring the diameters of these trees. At the end of the results, all these four species are declared vulnerable in this Biaro forest.

A study on the diametrical structure of the species Diospyros crassiflora was carried out in the Yoko Forest Reserve and in the Biaro Forest in two permanent devices of 400 ha each. This work pursued the objectives based on the distribution of the density by diameter class and the soil parameters in the two sites. All feet at dbh10 cm of the species studied were inventoried, measured across 40 strips of 10 ha each and soil samples were also taken at the two sites. 519 feet were counted, of which 325 were inventoried in the Yoko Forest Reserve. This one presents a good reconstruction of the stems of the species to have several individuals in the lower diameter classes. Soil analyzes were carried out and showed acidic soils at both sites.