Background: Irreversible pulpitis occurs due to infection and other factors. Irreversible pulpitis needs root canal treatment to relieve the pain and achieve restoration of healthy teeth. The success rates of root canal treatment are based on adequate removal of the microorganism and the prevention of the re-growth of microorganisms. However, endodontic treatment isn't always successful. There are many factors affecting the outcome of root canal treatment. Aim: To identify the factors affecting the outcomes of root canal treatment by reviewing the previous studies conducted on this subject. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate databases were explored to search for articles related to our subject. The searching process involved using different keywords that were used in different combinations to obtain all possible articles focused on our subject. The inclusion criteria for studies were articles published in 2017 until now, English original and full-text articles. Results: A total of 158 articles were obtained, and only seven articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. Four studies included treatment performed by dental students. The success rate of treatment ranged between 63.7% and 86.8%. The factors that affected the outcome of root canal treatment were categorized into factors associated with successful treatment, failure of treatment, and factors with no impact on treatment. Conclusion: The success rate of root canal treatment in our analysis was moderate. There were many factors affecting the root canal treatment outcome, including quality of filling, length of filling, and the absence or presence of a periapical lesion.

The term “pigmentation of oral mucosa” is applied to a wide range of lesions or conditions featuring a change of color of oral tissues. Common causes of mucosal coloration including petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses, hematomas, vascular tumors and exogenous substances are not true pigmented lesions. In contrast, melanin which is synthesized by melanocytes, is a true pigment and usually imparts a brown, blue or black appearance of the mucosa. Oral pigmentation affects about 3%of the total population and most likely in those with dark skin, more prevalent in females than males during the 3rd or 4th decade of life. In this review, we are describing the oral manifestation and dental considerations associated with common pigmented disorders which will allow the practitioner to have a holistic approach in diagnosis and management of these patients.

MTA® is considered as the biomaterial of choice because of its excellent characteristics. Biodentine™ has been introduced into periapical surgery and has proven its efficacity in sealing root-end cavities. Despite of the desirable properties of BiodentineTM, there are limited published cases that described the use of BiodentineTM in periapical surgery.

Patients with insufficient width of ridge for implant rehabilitation can go for block grafting prior to implant placement. Block grafting gives volume for Guided bone regeneration along the ridge.

Introduction: In-hospital cardiac arrest is a common health problem associated with high levels of mortality, our goal is to identify the important elements that play a significant role in lowering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in-hospital (code Blue) death rates. Methods: this was a retrospective cohort study, involving patients who had in-hospital CPR at Heraa General Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022. The data was collected from the hospital's information center. Results: our sample population was over 600 patients, selected randomly from the hospital's information center. Consist of 55.1% males and 44.5% of them were females with 53.9% having Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) as initial cardiac rhythm. The following variables: age, intubated before CPR, intubated during CPR, initial cardiac rhythm, Adrenaline 1mg, and Amiodarone 300mg showed P-valve less than 0.05. Conclusion: There is statistically significant association between the clinical variables: Intubated before CPR, intubated during CPR, initial cardiac rhythm, Adrenaline 1mg, Amiodarone 300mg and age and "Survived after Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)".

Introduction: Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has emerged in the recent years as a promising alternative to currently used biomaterials in the field of medicine and dentistry. Studies are increasingly being undertaken to gain in-depth knowledge about the properties it possess. Critical analysis of the nature of this synthetic material, possible applications and limitations in the branch of orthodontics is needed. Objective: This article is aimed at providing a synthesis of the available literature about the existing evidence that is available concerning the possible applications of polyetheretherketone in the branch of orthodontics. Result: The information obtained from the selected articles was arranged in an organized manner for the ease of understanding under the given subheadings in the article.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has challenged healthiness careers and techniques and has induced several rates of reaction and forms of reaction worldwide. The responsibility of dental specialists in inhibiting the transmission of COVID-19 is seriously significant. Dental professionals suffered a proper duty to decrease routine care for fear of increasing COVID-19 among their patients and elsewhere but were understandably concerned about the economic concerns. This paper explores comments raised by orthodontists worldwide about offering safe orthodontic service during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, as orthodontic treatment procedures increase the possibility of transmission. As proximity between the orthodontist, dental assistant, and patient is required for treatment, it jeopardizes the health of all the parties involved. In this paper, we will highlight five issues: general principles, communication, dental clinic admission, infection control measures, and applied orthodontic treatment emergency. Upon reviewing these issues, we will then attempt to formulate appropriate orthodontic treatment guidelines applicable in this specific era.

Hypodontia is a congenital absence of one or more teeth. It is a common malformation with a variable etiology. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention is required to reach an optimal outcome. Orthodontic treatment is often required to manage space and facilitate later restorative treatment. This article describes a multidisciplinary treatment approach for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor and second premolars involving orthodontics and prosthodontics specialties.

The aim of this study was to discuss the significance of microplate osteosynthesis in pediatric mandibular fractures. Patient and methods: Ten patients with age ranged between 1-10 years were collected from those attending the outpatient clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Al- kawait Hospital, Sana’a University. All patients that have mandibular trauma associated with either single or multiple fracture lines in the mandible were included in this study. Diagnosis of the mandibular fracture was achieved through history, clinical and radiographic examinations. All patients were treated by open reduction and internal fixation by 1.2mm microplate. Results: No signs of infection in or around the incision during fracture treatment were observed, and the soft tissue healing progressed normally. Clinical follow up was done every other day for two weeks and after three months postoperatively. Conclusion: Management of mandibular fracture in children by open reduction and microplate is an acceptable method for treatment with least morbidity and increase stability of displaced segment.