The prevalence of oral diseases has escalated to a global scale, warranting acknowledgment as critical public health issues. With an estimated 3.5 billion individuals worldwide affected by oral diseases, the implications extend far beyond mere dental concerns, encompassing the fundamental health, well-being, and socio-economic productivity of billions. Among these, certain demographic subsets, such as pregnant women, school-aged children, adolescents, the elderly, and physically challenged children, stand out as particularly vulnerable groups prone to oral diseases and associated detrimental habits. Notably, personal behaviours including inadequate oral hygiene practices, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and consumption of nutritionally deficient diets represent modifiable risk factors significantly impacting oral health outcomes within these populations. Addressing these factors requires a multifaceted approach that integrates preventive strategies, education, and targeted interventions tailored to the unique needs and challenges faced by these special groups. The overarching rationale for this literature review stems from the pressing need to comprehensively understand the multifaceted challenges and opportunities surrounding oral health within special groups. By synthesizing existing knowledge, identifying gaps, and critically evaluating current interventions and strategies, this review aims to provide a robust foundation for informed decision-making and evidence-based practices in oral health education and promotion. In this context, the pivotal role of oral health education emerges as a cornerstone in promoting positive health behaviours and fostering sustainable oral health practices. By empowering individuals and communities with knowledge and skills related to oral hygiene, healthy lifestyle choices, and preventive measures, we can affect substantial improvements in oral health outcomes and overall quality of life. Thus, advocating for innovative, culturally sensitive, and cost-effective strategies that prioritize oral health education within social and cultural frameworks becomes imperative. Such approaches not only hold promise for mitigating the burden of oral diseases but also contribute significantly to enhancing broader health outcomes and fostering inclusive, healthier communities.

This article critically evaluates the intricate navigation between national sovereignty and international refugee law in Bangladesh, specifically concentrating on the nation’s mechanisms of the protracted Rohingya refugee crisis. As a non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, Bangladesh's legal obligations are initially motivated by the influence of international humanitarian norms, regional considerations, and domestic policy frameworks. This paper examines Bangladesh’s efforts to mediate its sovereign prerogatives with its moral and legal obligation to serve sanctuary to displaced populations. Through critical evaluation of legislative endeavors, governmental reactions, and the efforts of international actors such as the UNHCR, the article enunciates Bangladesh's multifaceted obstacles in its mandate to develop global refugee standards while indicating its domestic needs. The study articulates by proffering strategic suggestions aimed at liberalizing Bangladesh’s mechanisms with international refugee protection protocols, thereby contributing to both the strategy on refugee administration and the progression of legal mechanisms in South Asia.

This study looks at how to improve public services at the Regional Revenue Agency of Kota Semarang influenced by development ability employee and transformation digital. Service index public City Semarang is at on mark 78.5 from scale 100, Still in lower target nationally of 85.0. This has an impact on service inefficiency, with the potential for lost revenue of between 15 And 20 percent and time Wait average 45 minute for service Which Not yet digitized. To know whether There is connection causal between variables certain, study This using the approach quantitative and technique explanation. With technique sampling fed up, study This involving all staff Regional Revenue Agency City Semarang, which amount to 103 person. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The questionnaire was developed using the Digital Competency Framework, Digital Public Service Innovation Framework, SERVQUAL, and Digital Performance Framework. Management use scale Likert 1-5. Studies This help develop digital transformation models and improving human resource capabilities in the public sector, especially in terms of regional revenue management.

Aim and Background: This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) on alleviating orthodontic pain. Review Methods: An extensive electronic search for randomized control trials via Medline (via PubMed), The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, and Science Direct up to October 15, 2023 was done. Hand searching was performed for relevant journals. Reference articles were retrieved and exported to Zotero software. The risk of bias was assessed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: A total of 8 articles were considered for systematic review. Most of the studies arrived at the consensus that photobiomodulation (PBM) indeed reduces the pain associated with orthodontic treatments. Conclusion: The synthesis of available evidence in our analysis reveals a substantial body of research suggesting a positive effect of PBM on reducing orthodontic pain. However, the existing variations in PBM parameters, and outcome measurements emphasize the necessity for more standardized approaches in future investigations.

Introduction: The gender-based violence (GBV) is the set of abuses, means of coercion and physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, economic and educational threats against an individual because of their gender or sexual identity [2]. The objective was to study gender-based violence at the "One Stop Center" unit of Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2022, a period of 12 months. The study focused on survivors of gender-based violence received for consultation in the "One Stop Center" unit of Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. The data were collected on a survey form from medical records, the gender-based violence register, requisitions and medical certificates. Data were entered into Microsoft Word 2016 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Each survivor had an identification code. Confidentiality and anonymity were respected. Results: During the study period, we collected 79 cases of gender-based violence out of a total of 8,404 cases of gynecological and obstetrical consultations, i.e. a frequency of 0.94%. The most affected age group was 11 to 19 years old with 41 cases or 51.9%. The average age was 16.54 years old and the age limits were 2 and 35 years old. In the profession, children and adolescents not in school were the most represented with 29 cases or 36.7%. Women residing in urban areas were the most represented with 55 cases or 69.6%. Single women were the most represented with 53 cases or 67.1%. Eighty-nine percent of survivors came with a requisition against 11%. Rape was the main reason for consultation with 24 cases or 30.4%. Sexual assault was the most common type of violence with 53 cases or 67.0%. In the sample, we recorded 1 HIV positive case, 2 cases of positive Hbs antigen, 2 cases of positive pregnancy test. There were two cases of surgical management with suture for cases of rape with vulvar lesions and a second-degree perineal tear. Twenty-six cases out of the 79 cases collected were prosecuted. There were about ten cases of conviction. Conclusion: Gender-based violence is a tragedy and can have psychological, physical and even obstetric repercussions in the short, medium and long term because the survivors are mainly fragile minors.

Background: This study investigates the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), profitability, and carbon emission disclosure on firm value in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2022. The mining sector's significance in Indonesia's economy and the growing importance of sustainable corporate practices provide the context for this research. Methods: The study employs multiple regression analysis to analyze data from 11 mining companies. The variables include GCG mechanisms (managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, and audit committees), profitability (measured by Return on Assets), and carbon emission disclosure. Firm value is proxied by Tobin's Q. Results: The findings indicate that profitability has a positive and significant impact on firm value. However, GCG mechanisms such as independent commissioners and audit committees have negative effects on firm value. Carbon emission disclosure does not significantly influence firm value. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of profitability in driving firm value but also underscores the need for effective GCG mechanisms and greater emphasis on environmental responsibility. The results contribute to the discourse on sustainable corporate practices and their implications for investor confidence, emphasizing the necessity of balanced approaches that integrate financial performance with environmental sustainability.

This work investigated the potential synergy between Fly Ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as binder solids in the manufacturing of Geopolymer Concrete (GPC), a concrete that does not contain Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). At a ratio of 1:1, the ideal mixture of binder solids was attained. Based on absolute volume, the mix design was created using techniques akin to those found in ACI 211.1. In order to investigate the impact on the evolution of strengths, the alkaline activator content (AAC) to binder solid ratio—which is comparable to the water/binder ratio in OPC concrete—was varied in the ratios of 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, and 0.5. For every mixture, the ratio of sodium hydroxide to sodium silicate was maintained at 1.5. To evaluate the functional relationships between the response variable (strength) and the independent variables (GPC constituents), a nonlinear regression analysis was conducted. Experimental results on workability for all mixes are in agreement with ACI 211.1 criteria. In all mixes, GPC specimens exhibited higher compressive strengths than OPC specimens; with a maximum value of 73.67 Mpa and 72.67 Mpa respectively. Nonlinear regression results provide equations that predict the strengths with excellent correlation. In addition to F-statistics that are statistically significant within acceptable probabilities.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Defined as a nosocomial pneumonia that occurs more than 48 hours after mechanical ventilation initiation, VAP poses significant clinical challenges. While awareness of evidence-based practices is crucial, a gap often exists between knowledge and actual practice among nursing staff. Enhanced adherence to VAP prevention protocols has been linked to reduced incidence rates. Purpose: This study aims to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge and compliance regarding the prevention of VAP in the intensive care unit of King Fahad General Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Method: A descriptive research design was employed, involving 120 ICU nurses selected through convenience non-probability sampling. Result: A total of 96 participants were recruited in this study. The level of knowledge about VAP prevention among ICU nurses was almost good as there were about 57.3% (n=55) of the nurse participants had a good and adequate information. There was significant statistical difference in the mean knowledge score based on the academic qualification but, there was no statistical difference in mean of compliance based on academic qualification. Conclusion: Insufficient nursing knowledge and compliance about VAP assessment and prevention is a serious safety concern in all healthcare settings. The study highlighted that ICU nurses showed (good) moderate knowledge towards VAP prevention.

The developmental transition of late adolescence, characterized by profound identity formation and neurocognitive maturation, has been complicated by the ubiquity of the digital landscape. This study investigates the impact of internet overuse on the psychological well-being (PWB) and self-regulated learning (SRL) of adolescents in Kerala, India. Utilizing a pre-test post-test control group design, the research evaluates the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) as an intervention. A sample of 120 adolescents (N=120), screened for moderate to severe internet addiction, was equally divided into experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that excessive internet use significantly impairs both psychological well-being and self-regulated learning among adolescents, irrespective of gender or residential background. The 8-week MBCT intervention yielded statistically significant improvements in both Psychological Well-being (p <.001) and Self-Regulated Learning (p <.001) compared to the control group. These findings suggest that integrating mindfulness-based cognitive strategies into educational curricula can effectively counteract the cognitive fragmentation and emotional dysregulation associated with hyper-connectivity, offering a scalable pathway for adolescent holistic health.

Pure anterior dislocation of the hip in its obturator variety is extremely rare. It typically results from high-energy trauma and can jeopardize the functional prognosis of the hip if reduction is not performed urgently. We report the case of a motorcyclist who sustained an isolated anteroinferior (obturator) hip dislocation. The patient underwent reduction 4 hours after the trauma, with good clinical and radiological outcomes observed at an 18-month follow-up.

Eyelid tumors are the set of lesions or growths that develop within the eyelids. They can be benign or malignant. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient who consults for a lower palpebral mass in the left eye. On examination, a nodular mass of firm consistency was found. The rest of the left and contralateral palpebral contour was normal. Management consisted of surgical resection of the tumor and histopathological examination. Anapathomopatologic examination found an inflammatory infiltrate made up of lymphoplasmacyte and neutrophil polynuclear cells in favor of a rearranged papilloma. The post-operative effects were simple and the healing took place without complications. Surgical excision allows the tumor to heal. Treatment is essentially surgical and is based on reconstruction after removal of the tumor.

Background: Family Medicine research is any study that addresses questions of importance to physicians with the intent to improve the care of patients. Research is essential to enhance the role of family physicians in health care systems, to improve the optimal functioning of health care systems, and to improve the health of populations in general, also serve as the basis to aid in policy-making. Aim: This study aimed to highlight the willingness of family physicians towards conducting research. Subjects and Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytic element conducted for a period from the 1st of March through the 31st of May 2021. The target population included all family physicians in Iraq. A total of 297 participants were recruited for this study. Participants were asked to fill out an electronically distributed questionnaire specially constructed for the sake of the study. Results: Females constituted 79% of the sample and 82% of the participants were less than or equal to 40 years of age. The specialists in family medicine constituted 70% of the participants; 81.5% had medical experience less than or equal to 15 years, and 52.9% worked for more than 30 hours per week. The mean of the participant response regarding the attitude questionnaire was 45.03 (±9.21). The participants with a positive attitude were 167 (56.2%). Applying multivariate binary logistic regression, the only significant association was between attitude and frequency of reading medical articles. Lack of time was the main stated barrier that obstacles to research conduction among family physicians. Conclusion: More than half of the participants had a positive attitude towards research conduction. Lack of time and health care support were the main barriers to research conduction. Increasing the frequency of research reading was the main predictor of research conduction.

Aim of the study: To assess the attitude and knowledge among Yemeni parents toward their child’s oral health practice and habits with associated factors. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out using three hundred self-administered structured questionnaires for parents or guardians. Demographic variables, knowledge of dental health, oral health, and dietary practices concerning dental care, and attitudes toward oral health were assessed. The correlation between sociodemographic status and oral health knowledge and practice was evaluated. Result: results showed that the mean caregiver's level of knowledge is 53.9%. Most mothers have good knowledge about the age of primary teeth eruption 71.9% and exfoliation 64.9%, the significance of primary teeth 78.4%, what causes the most common dental disease affects teeth 91.8%, and the importance of cleaning teeth 85.4%. 68.4% Cleaned their teeth, and most of them 78.4% remained to encourage their children to clean their teeth. Mothers have bad knowledge about the time to start brushing their children’s teeth 46.8% and the role of fluoride in preventing dental caries 32.2%. There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of knowledge and the mother’s education level and occupation. Conclusion: Yemeni mothers have average knowledge of their children’s oral health status. There was a statistically significant relation between the mother’s education level and the level of knowledge. The mother's education level group (Professional) ranked first with a knowledge level (73%).

Aim of the study: To study salivary immunoglobulin A and lysozyme levels and their relation to dental caries status in a group of Yemeni asthmatic children. Subjects and methods: One hundred children of both genders were enrolled in this study, aged 6-10 years. The cases were divided into two main groups: fifty asthmatic children and fifty healthy children. Every child was examined for dental caries and assessed according to WHO criteria (1997) using defs for primary teeth and DMFS for permanent teeth. Salivary samples were collected from each child in each group and analyzed for sIgA and lysozyme. The relation between them and dental caries status for primary and permanent teeth was evaluated. Results: Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between gender distributions of asthmatic and healthy children. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean sIgA levels of both groups. There was a statistically significant difference between asthmatic and healthy children regarding lysozyme levels. This difference in mean lysozyme levels was higher in asthmatic than healthy children. Asthmatic children showed statistically significant differences regarding defs and DMFS scores, which were lower in asthmatics than healthy children. For asthmatic children, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between defs scores and sIgA levels and a statistically significant negative correlation with lysozyme. In asthmatic children, a statistically significant positive correlation existed between DMFS scores and age and sIgA levels. For healthy children, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between DMFS scores and both age and sIgA levels. Conclusion: In children with allergic asthma the salivary concentrations of sIgA and lysozyme were significantly higher and the defs and DMFS scores were lower than in healthy children.

Adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment consistently have aesthetic concerns, even throughout the course of the treatment. This has lead to the introduction of Lingual Orthodontics in 1970s by Dr. Craven Kurz of USA and Dr. Kinya Fujita of Japan. Lingual orthodontics, in addition to its aesthetic benefits, offers several other advantages. The cooperation and confidence level of the patient has increased with the invisible appliances. The Anchorage control, indirect bonding and biomechanics is completely different from labial technique. In this article the concept of lingual orthodontics has been highlighted. The article shows a case report with lingual technique treated in the department of orthodontics at Farhat Hached University Hospital.