The paper uses Systemic Functional Linguistics (henceforth SFL) to conduct a transitivity analysis of the clause in the siLozi language (K21) spoken in Zambia. The paper explores how the experience of the material and non-material world is construed through the grammar of the clause. The paper draws insights from Martin and Rose’s (2003) SFL to analyse the clause in siLozi in terms of what kind of clausal activities are undertaken in the siLozi clause’s PRTs, PRSes and CIRs; how the PRTs in these PRS-types are described; how they are classified and what they are composed of. The transitivity study of the clause in siLozi reveals that just like in English, the siLozi language expresses its clausal experience through the three major PRS-types namely MaPs, MePs and RePs. The minor PRS-types – VePs, BePs and ExPs – not only exist in siLozi but also construe experience both uniquely and also similar to English. Furthermore, the discourse structures in the process-types are deliberately selected and situated for various reasons. The findings have implications in using SFL transitivity in the teaching of some aspects of grammar such as comprehension in siLozi in schools in Zambia and in other countries like Namibia where siLozi is taught.

Aim: To analyze the mental foramen dimensions and location for gender determination in a sample of Yemeni population. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed on 420 maxillofacial CBCT scans, 210 males and 210 females with age ranged from 20 to 60- years old. Osteometric analysis of the dimensions, shape and position of the mental foramen was performed. Results: In comparison between males and females, all mental foramen (MF) measurements were statistically significant except at the distance from the superior mental foramen to the alveolar crest. The all measurements of males were higher than females. MF with round shape was the most common between both males and females. The most common location of the MF was presented below the apices of the 2nd premolars. Conclusions: We can be concluded that the vertical and horizontal dimensions the MF and the distance from the lower border of the MF to the lower border of the mandible exhibits gender dimorphism in the Yemeni population. The shape and horizontal position of the MF do not show any difference denoting that they cannot be used for identification of gender.

Background: Enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) is a critical concern in critically ill patients, associated with complications like vomiting, elevated gastric residual volumes (GRV), and delayed gastric emptying. Despite its prevalence, EFI lacks a universally accepted definition and standardized management protocols, leading to inconsistent practices among healthcare providers. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge at Ibri Hospital regarding EFI, including its definition, causes, symptoms, and the feasibility of oral medication administration during intolerance episodes. Evidence-based recommendations were proposed to improve enteral feeding practices. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used, involving 170 nurses from inpatient departments at Ibri Hospital. Data were collected via a validated online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. Key knowledge areas assessed included EFI indicators, GRV thresholds, and clinical management practices. Convenience sampling was employed. Results: The study revealed variability in nurses’ understanding of EFI indicators and GRV thresholds. Vomiting was the most recognized EFI indicator, though only 62% identified it correctly. GRV threshold knowledge varied, with 61% selecting context-dependent measurements. Pediatric ward nurses demonstrated the highest knowledge, while operating theater staff scored the lowest. Training had minimal impact, except for improved recognition of vomiting as an indicator (p = 0.025). Nurses favoring early feeding initiation and timely restarting showed higher knowledge scores. Conclusions: Significant knowledge gaps and inconsistencies in EFI practices were identified. Recommendations include developing evidence-based EFI protocols, regular interdisciplinary training, and promoting collaborative decision-making. Future research should validate findings and assess the impact of standardized EFI protocols on patient outcomes.

Distalization is a common orthodontic technique used to address Class II malocclusions, particularly those where there is an overjet due to maxillary protrusion. It’s performed to correct average to moderate class 2 malocclusions (<3mm) by retracting the maxillary teeth. This technique should be preferred in patients presenting a class II malocclusion due to maxillary protrusion or in adult patients undergoing compromise treatment. The following case report describes an adult female patient with class II subdivision in the left side treated by clear aligner (invisalign) by distalization and class II elastics. Sequential distalization protocol was used starting with the second molar, once the second molar has moved two-thirds of the desired distance, the first molar is distalized, followed by the premolars and canines. Finally, the four incisors are retracted to complete the treatment.

Transfection is a critical technique for introducing nucleic acids—such as DNA, RNA, or oligonucleotides—into cells and plays a pivotal role in diverse research fields, including gene therapy, recombinant protein production, and functional genomics. This meta-analysis examines the fundamental mechanisms, methodologies, and challenges associated with transfection, highlighting advances in both viral and non-viral delivery systems, optimization techniques, and clinical applications. Viral vectors, including adenovirus, retrovirus, and lentivirus, offer high efficiency and are frequently used in gene therapy applications, while non-viral methods, such as lipid-mediated transfection, polyethylenimine (PEI), dendrimer complexes, electroporation, microinjection, and biolistic delivery, provide safer alternatives but often exhibit lower efficiency, necessitating optimization. Lipid-based transfection remains one of the most widely used methods, particularly lipofection, due to its ease of use and efficiency in commonly used cell lines like HEK293 and HeLa cells. Electroporation is effective for challenging cell types, such as primary neurons and stem cells, though high cell mortality rates necessitate careful optimization. Transfection has significantly contributed to gene therapy, particularly for genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, and spinal muscular atrophy, with viral vectors employed in CAR-T cell therapy for cancer treatment showing promising results in hematological malignancies. Recent advances in mRNA transfection have revolutionized vaccine development, exemplified by mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, demonstrating the potential for further therapeutic applications. However, challenges remain, including achieving high transfection efficiency while maintaining cell viability, especially in primary cells and stem cells, which are more resistant to transfection than immortalized cell lines. Cytotoxicity and off-target effects limit the clinical utility of transfection, particularly in gene therapy, where insertional mutagenesis poses significant safety risks. The cost of scaling transfection for therapeutic applications, such as CAR-T cell production, remains prohibitive. Future research will focus on overcoming these limitations while advancing the clinical applications of transfection for therapeutic gene delivery and personalized medicine. Overall, as new materials, technologies, and optimization strategies are developed, the efficacy, safety, and applicability of transfection techniques will likely improve, enhancing their role as cornerstones of molecular biology and biotechnology.

This study proposes an artificial intelligence-driven model that can enhance productivity and reduce manufacturing costs in the brewery industry of Nigeria. The research initiated with a critical literature review on the factors of productivity in the knowledge-intensive industries, choosing thereupon the brewery sector based on expert advice. In total, three predictive models were developed, namely Artificial Neural Network, Machine Learning, and a hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Machine Learning model, for predicting productivity. The Mean Squared Error was 0.001399 for the Artificial Neural Network model, Root Mean Squared Error was 0.037407, and Mean Absolute Error was 0.037283, while the Machine Learning had Mean Squared Error of 0.040378, Root Mean Squared Error of 0.200943, and Mean Absolute Error of 0.183000, the hybrid having Mean Squared Error of 0.013982, Root Mean Squared Error of 0.118247, and Mean Absolute Error of 0.110141. It also proved the fact that the Machine Learning model is able to predict productivity based on maintenance, Mean Time Before Failure, and Mean Time to Repair indicators since the obtained values for this type of model had lower errors than all the others: Mean Absolute Error = 0.08508, Mean Squared Error = 0.19275, Root Mean Squared Error = 0.43903.

Background: Malnutrition is a major public health concern among children under five years of age in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. Despite progress, malnutrition remains a significant issue in Bangladesh and is influenced by socioeconomic disparities and maternal education. Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) is a practical tool for assessing nutritional status in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months in the outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, MR Khan Shishu Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Dhaka, from January 2010 to January 2011. Data from 200 children aged 6–59 months were analyzed. Nutritional status was classified as normal, moderate or severe based on MUAC values. Associations among demographic factors, maternal education, and malnutrition were also explored. Results: Among the 200 children, 24.5% were malnourished, including 10.5% with severe malnutrition and 14% with moderate malnutrition. Children aged 36–59 months had the highest malnutrition prevalence (29%). Females (21%) were more likely to be malnourished than males (16.5%). Maternal education strongly affected outcomes, with malnutrition being the highest among children of illiterate mothers (47.5%). Conclusion: Gender and maternal education influence the nutritional status of children in Bangladesh. For nutritional assessment, the MUAC is an effective tool that underscores the need for interventions that target these disparities.

The Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system has become an essential component in the digital transformation of the healthcare sector, replacing manual record-keeping with a more efficient digital system. This study aims to analyze the quality of EMR services at the Emergency Department (IGD) of Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara TK I Pusdokkes Polri, with a focus on the challenges affecting the efficiency of the EMR system's use. The research method used is quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional design, involving 60 EMR users who provided data through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The results show that the majority of respondents are aged 20-35 years and predominantly work as nurses. Although most respondents express high satisfaction with the quality of the EMR, there are several technical issues, such as server and network disruptions, that affect the system's efficiency. Further analysis indicates that the main factors influencing user satisfaction are data accuracy and time efficiency in record-keeping. The p-value for the relationship between data accuracy and user satisfaction is 0.03, which indicates a statistically significant relationship. The p-value for time efficiency in record-keeping is 0.02, also showing a significant relationship with user satisfaction. The study concludes that EMR can improve medical service efficiency and quality; however, improvements in technical issues, particularly server and network infrastructure, as well as user training, are essential to optimize this system.

This study seeks to examine the influence of family long term strategic commitment on the sustainability of family owned enterprises in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. The study made use of primary data obtained through self-administered structured questionnaires. A total of 313 questionnaires were administered to the founders and managers of the family owned enterprises in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Data collected was entered into SPSS. The study used the Generalised Linear Model (GLM) technique to test the hypotheses. Particular focus was on organisational culture, the involvement of family members and entrepreneurial risk-taking as determinants of the sustainability of family owned enterprises. The results from the GLM regression showed a negative coefficient in the overall sample which indicated that an increase in family long-term strategic commitment predicted a decrease in sustainability of family-owned enterprises. Specifically, organisational culture has a positive coefficient of 0.0862 significant at 10%; the involvement of family members has a negative coefficient of -0.0642 and significant at 10%; and entrepreneurial risk taking has a negative coefficient of -0.00155. This meant that there was a no effect of family long term strategic commitment on the sustainability of family owned enterprises in the Western Highlands of Cameroon; since only organisational culture positively influenced sustainability in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. This study was limited to the Western Highlands of Cameroon by not considering the other ecological zones (Southern rain forests, Central savannah and Northern arid region) of Cameroon. From the findings, the study recommended that founders and managers should engage in calculative risk taking and specify the degree of involvement of family members that could not jeopardised the continuity of the business. The research questions and methods used in this research are new in the aspect of investigating the influence of family long term strategic commitment on the sustainability of family owned enterprises in the Western Highlands of Cameroon.

Aim: The present study was carried out to assess the level of knowledge about ionizing radiation hazards among Yemeni patients in Sana’a city, republic of Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 669 questionnaires which tested patients ’information about ionizing radiation, its’ harmful effects and protection from these effects. This study performed on participants who referred for radiological examinations to the radiology department of two academic hospitals. Results: There is a no significant difference in the level of knowledge between different age groups (p=.058) and gender (p=.179), However, there is a significant difference in the level of knowledge among different educational levels groups and between who work or study in the medical field or not (p=.000). The mean knowledge score was 7.0149 ± 2.12550, which indicate good level of knowledge between study participants. Conclusions: The study indicates a good level of knowledge between a sample of Yemeni population, and to elevated their knowledge to a higher level, the government, ministry of health, and hospitals have a responsibility to educate the population and increase their level of knowledge about ionizing radiation and its harmful effects.

This article deals with the behavior of isolated piles subjected to two models used in geotechnics (Hardening Soil and Mohr Coulomb) under cyclic lateral loading and their head deformations compared to monotonic loading in sandy soil. The behavior of the cable-stayed bridge piers was predicted using PLAXIS 2D software, based on the results of in situ and laboratory geotechnical studies carried out by the control office for Building and Public Works (BCBTP). Numerical simulation is an alternative to the high cost of large-scale in situ and laboratory studies for describing the behavior of deep foundations. The results obtained show that piles subjected to lateral head loading cause a horizontal head displacement compared with the Hardening Soil and Mohr Coulomb models. Cyclic loading of a pile results in deformation of the soil mass at the surface. Lateral displacement increases with the first few cycles until it stabilizes, generating an irreversible residual displacement due to progressive soil plasticization. Lateral cyclic loading has a favorable influence on pile behavior under cyclic loading, due to the reversible effect on pile displacement.

Most nanoparticles have diameters that lie within 1 to 100 nm. A variety of metal oxide nanoparticles can be synthesised chemically as well as biologically. NiO nanoparticles, which are synthesised chemically, tend to be highly toxic in their effects. In contrast, synthesis by the route of biogenesis or biomimetics is much more favourable than chemical synthesis. The pre-existing properties of purple cabbage are remarkably enhanced by NiO nanoparticles. Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were synthesised from the leaves of Brassica oleracea var. capitata. f. rubra (purple cabbage) by reducing Nickel nitrate hexahydrate solution for the formation of NiO nanoparticles. The analysis done using a Particle size analyser reveals the spherical morphology and the size of the NiO nanoparticles. The size and shape were studied under a Scanning Electron Microscope, which shows that the nanoparticle ranges from 34.5 nm to 89.6 nm. The formation of NiO nanoparticles was confirmed by the peaks obtained in Raman spectroscopy and UV-DRS analyser. The peaks that ensure the formation of NiO nanoparticles in Raman spectroscopy are 568.40 cm-1, 1129.46 cm-1 and 1379.07 cm-1 and UV-DRS are 265.60 nm and 339.69 nm. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of purple cabbage leaves shows that there is an abundance of phytochemical content present in purple cabbage. From the preliminary phytochemical analysis of purple cabbage, it was observed that the aqueous purple cabbage leaf extract contains alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, coumarin, tannins, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins, quinones, and carbohydrates.

Background: Lumbosacral radicular pain, commonly known as sciatica, is a prevalent and challenging condition arising from nerve root compression in the lumbar spine due to various underlying pathologies. Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are often employed for symptomatic relief when conservative treatments fail. While ESIs are minimally invasive and provide localized pain relief, their safety, especially concerning neurological complications, remains a critical concern. Objective: This article reviews the neurological complications associated with ESIs and compares the safety and effectiveness of various corticosteroid formulations administered via transforaminal, interlaminar, or caudal injection techniques. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, focusing on studies published within the last ten years. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies addressing lumbosacral radicular pain, the safety and efficacy of ESIs with different corticosteroid formulations, and comparative effectiveness analyses of injection routes. Data on corticosteroid types, formulation characteristics, adverse effects, efficacy measures, and patient demographics were extracted and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: Findings indicate significant variation in safety profiles and effectiveness among different corticosteroid formulations used in ESIs. Dexamethasone, often favored for its efficacy, has been linked to potential neurological complications, particularly concerning preservatives like benzyl alcohol. Comparative studies suggest that while dexamethasone may provide adequate pain relief, it may lead to higher rates of repeat injections compared to particulate steroids like triamcinolone. Conclusion: The review underscores the need for a personalized approach to ESI administration, balancing the benefits of pain relief against potential long-term complications. The data highlights a pressing need for ongoing research into optimizing corticosteroid use and ensuring patient safety in the management of lumbosacral radicular pain.

This paper aims to determine how Digital Transformation Maturity and Digital Change Management affect Work-Life Integration through Digital Work Adaptation as an intervention variable among Government Civil Servants of Central Java's Capital Municipality, which has implemented a digital work system. Quantitative methodology is used in this study, and 200 State Civil Apparatus (ASN) of the Semarang City Government are involved. The data will be analyzed using a quantitative approach through statistical analysis using variance-based structural modeling with PLS-SEM and SPSS, which aims to conduct path analysis with latent variables and coefficients. The findings reveal that Digital Transformation Maturity and Digital Change Management significantly enhance Digital Work Adaptation. Digital Work Adaptation is proven to mediate the relationship between the two independent variables of Work-Life Integration. Digital Change Management has a more decisive influence than Digital Transformation Maturity in forming Work-Life Integration through Digital Work Adaptation. These findings indicate the importance of digital change management and transformation maturity in supporting ASN work and life balance adaptation in the digital era. The study provides theoretical and practical contributions to developing public sector HR management in digital transformation.

Background: The risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is multifactorial. Socioeconomic status is a risk factor that is commonly underreported. The study aims to find the relationship between socio-economic factors and knee OA, and the influence of these on gender. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at Orthopaedic Hospital Wamakko, Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria between January 2022 and December 2022. Adult patients aged >40 years with knee OA were included in the study. The data was collected via participants’ interviews through a self-administered questionnaire. The risk factors for knee OA under consideration were occupation, educational level, and monthly income. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 23. The significant level was set at less than 5%. Results: There were a total of 372 patients in the study, with 124 cases and 248 controls in a ratio of 1:2. The average age was 53.7±10.8 (range 40 to 88 years). There were 165(44.4%) males and 207(55.6%) females. For occupation, 201(53.7%) were unemployed, 60(16%) on business, 61(16.3%) were civil servants and 50(13.4%) worked as farmers. For education, 250(66.8%) had non-formal education, and 122(32.6%) had formal education. Most patients (237/57.8%) were high-income earners and 135 (41.7%) were low-income earners. The knee OA prevalence was 13.17% for males and 20.16% for females. In the case group, the majority were unemployed with 63 (50.8%) patients and the least were farmers with only 16 (12.9%). Non-formal education was the most common educational level among the cases with 89(71.8%), and low-income earners are also more common with 74(59.7%) compared with high-income earners with 61 (40.3%). There was a statistically significance result between socioeconomic status and knee OA (OR=0.334, CI=0.214-0.521, and P<0.0001). The odd ratio (OR) for low-income earners among females is 2.238 (CI=1.878-2.666) and p value<0.0001. The OR for non-formal education in low-income earners is 2.332 (CI=1.466-3.709) and p value<0.0001. Conclusion: Low-income level was the most important predictor of knee OA in the study, and the female gender has the lowest income with higher knee OA risk and ....