Elections are part of the implementation of democratic principles whereby the people can elect a state leader or his representatives who make a policy based on the will of the people outlined by the head of state or the people's representatives. The nature of elections is a means of democracy that primarily serves a state government by, from, and for the people. In other words, it embodies the sovereignty in the hands of the people within the framework of a democratic constitutional state. Democracy in Indonesia is a constitutional norm. For democracy to be able to rotate by the axis of the constitution, then democracy must be maintained. The problem that will be the focus of attention of this paper is the axiom of the presidential threshold system after the Constitutional Court's decision to bring the system of government in Indonesia. The political legality of the presidential threshold system is not inconsistent with the constitution in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to know the direction of the legislative and presidential election system in 2009 and 2014 in the decision of the Constitutional Court and the political implications of the Constitutional Court decision on the legislative and presidential election system in 2009 and 2014. This research method will examine the subject matter through a case approach. It examines the ratios in the decisions of the Constitutional Court which are the object of research and the approach of legislation. The abolition of presidential threshold provides significant benefits in Indonesia's democratic system. This policy can be a restoration of constitutional rights that were previously hurt by the remedy of constitutional rights. Many advantages will be obtained especially from small parties to carry the presidential candidate. Also, the president's choice is also more diverse. Presidential threshold will make it easier for the president to carry out government duties, due to the absence of other dominant party interventions in parliament.

Abstract: Contamination due to petroleum hydrocarbons may result from many sources. In Mauritius, coastal sediment pollution results mostly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial activities and the sea activities, mainly at the harbour. While some authors affirmed that sea activities polluted the coastal sediments, and the concentration of pollutants was found to be higher in the harbour, likewise, an investigation was set to quantify the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), ranging from C10 to C40, in the neighbouring coasts from the Mauritius harbour at Port-Louis and to determine its effect on the coastal ecosystems. Three coastal sites were selected, namely, Tombeau Bay (C-BDT), Pointe aux Sables (C-PAS) and Mer Rouge (C-MER). Results showed that the most polluted the coastal sediments was Pointe aux Sables (451 mg/kg) followed by Tombeau Bay and Mer Rouge (less than 66 mg/kg) both. Despite that the chemical properties of the sediments analysed were favourable for microbial biodiversity, results showed that there was a much richer microbial biodiversity in less contaminated sediments while greater microbial activity (respiration rate) in the contaminated environment, C-PAS. Given that the toxicity of TPH in soil was established at range greater than 1000 mg/kg, it was noted that despite the C-PAS site was the most polluted, it did not reach the permissible limit. However, due to the urbanisation and intensive use of the sea for ship activities, the concentration of the level of pollution due to TPH is expected to increase in the forthcoming years.

Bintaro Jaya Clean Water Customer Satisfaction Model, Product Quality Analysis, Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality of Service, aims to analyze the Influence of Product Quality, Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality of Service to Customer Satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. This research uses questionnaire instrument and is a quantitative research with multiple linear regression analysis tool with SPSS 2.00 analysis tool. Sampling technique used in this research is Non Probability Sampling and Sampling Technique in this research is by using method of Purposive Sampling, where researcher use deliberate deliberation in selecting member of population which is considered appropriate in giving necessary information or sample unit according to Certain criteria desirable research. This analysis is continued with Determination Analysis (R Square), T test (partial) and F test (simultaneous). The results of this study are that Product Quality, Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality Services effect on Customer Satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. The better quality of Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality of Service will be able to increase Customer Satisfaction significantly.

Abstract: The legal profession is a noble profession. It is highly regulated, as such, there are several mechanisms put in place to ensure discipline in the legal profession. There are several bodies created by the Legal Practitioners Act to ensure discipline in the profession. This paper analyzes the various regulations and disciplinary mechanisms of legal practitioners in Nigeria. This includes, the various regulatory bodies, the conducts that attracts discipline, the disciplinary procedure and the various sanctions that can be imposed upon liability and draw a conclusion that discipline in the legal profession is disjointed and inadequate, aside the inefficiency created because of the overlapping roles of the regulatory bodies. The paper concludes that the present disciplinary mechanisms need overhauling.

This article is a study towards the dynamic of social media usage and its users, especially YouTubers. This research was aimed to explore the meaning of YouTube for content creators, find out the motive, and know the behavior of a content creator in YouTube. This research used social phenomenology research method from Alfred Schutz by employing a qualitative approach. The data were obtained by conducting interviews with 11 YouTubers which were selected via purposive sampling. The results of the study indicated different motives. There were 11 motive groups that encouraged informants becoming YouTube content creators. The motives were classified into 3 main motives: personal-use motive, social motive, and commercial motive. Furthermore, the behavior was being examined through phenomenological context; it had a meaning that as content creators, the informants were able to manage strategies to overcome the experienced obstacles to embody their motives. This research also revealed that YouTube was gradually constructed as a means to work or to be creative; means of media and information consumption, and means of business. YouTube turned out to be the reality of expression and business. One's behavior actually communicated who or how a person will form a self-identity.

Abstract: In this article we discussed on why Python require in Reinforcement Learning(RL). Python languages have a unique ecosystem, cultures and have their own philosophies. Python codes are available as open sources and Python community involvement with local, national and international events and it is helpful for new developers. Python have its wide array of open source code libraries, package management and ability to work well on platforms other than Windows OS. Finally, Python is great for deployment automation and web development and many non-developers are first introduced to the language and ecosystem while getting data analysis work done.

The paper investigated the trend of the performance of insurance sector and the implication of liquidity management on their performance between 2000 and 2008. The study made use of return on equity ROE as measure of insurance companies‟ performance; other variables used as independent variables are liquid asset volume, working capital, total investment, under-writing risk, dividend and equity capital. Seven non-life insurance companies were used for the analysis, descriptive statistics and panel data analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that while all the performance indicators such as profit after tax return on asset, return on equity among others have been following rising trends over the years; liquid asset volume has been following a falling trend. The panel data results show that liquidity does not have significant impact on the performance of insurance companies. It is recommended that insurance companies should embark on strategies that will make management of liquidity have significant positive impact on the performance of insurance companies in Nigeria.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of SiC reinforcement on the electrical, mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of copper matrix composite contact material was investigated. The composite materials were produced by using the powder metallurgy method. The unalloyed copper and SiC powder mixtures were shaped by using a uniaxial press after mixing for 10 minutes at 300 rpm. The shaped specimens were heat treated in graphite powder bad in a capped steel chamber and sintered at 800° C for 2 hours. Electrical conductivity, hardness, density measurements, microstructure analyzes and mineralogical analyzes of the samples were performed after sintering. The structure-property relationships of the produced monolithic and composite copper contact materials are discussed. It was determined that the value of electrical conductivity decreased with increasing amount of SiC phase, and hardness value increased compared to pure copper. Cu-SiC composites revealed better mechanical properties than monolithic copper contact materials.

The study investigated the impact of credit risk on bank performance in Nigeria between 1990 and 2006. From the literature, non-performing loans have been used as proxy for credit risk. However, other variables such as total deposits, loan and advances and lending rate are used as other independent variables in the model while return on asset ROA is used as bank performance indicator. Cointegartion and error correction model is adopted and the results show that credit risk as proxy by non-performing loans has significant positive impact on bank performance in the short run but in the long run, the impacts turn negative. Also a strong linkage is found between loan and advances and credit risk as well as lending rate and credit risk. The study recommends that banks should guide against accumulation of nonperforming loans in order to reduce their vulnerability to credit risk.

Abstract: A novel, sensitive, specific and reliable gradient HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method has been developed and validated for the identification and quantification of acids namely, Glyoxalic acid, Glycolic acid, Formic acid, Acetic acid, Diglycolic acid, Chloro acetic acid, Dichloro acetic acid and Trichloro acetic acid. A novel, suitable, rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed using HPLC technique for the above acids quantification and identification. The chromatographic separation of the acids were achieved on Atlantis T3 (250*4.6) mm, 5.0 µ column using 0.15 % TFA (Tri Fluoro Acetic acid) in water (v/v): Solvent mixture (98.5:1.5 v/v) as a mobile phase-A and Acetonitrile: Methanol (90:10%v/v). The solvent mixture was prepared by mixing the acetonitrile and methanol solvents in the ratio of 90:10 volumes. The HPLC method was validated with respect to limit of detection, limit of quantitation, specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision.

Is the caste an important factor in Bihar elections? Aur it is synonymous for all. It is a difficult question that can be asked. But very easy to answer that these things happen in every body life. (Hum betiaur vote apni hi jatikodetehain) We give daughter and vote to our own caste. It means vote could not be separated from the caste in Bihar. Each and every step that has been taken according to the caste feature, role, numbers etc played significant role in the 2015 Bihar Assembly elections.

Abstract: Computational methods are used to predict the most favorable site of furano sesquiterpenoids (FNTP) towards attack by a water molecule. The energetic of the various complexes are presented as well as their geometries, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) reactivity descriptors such as; Molecular electrostatic potential, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Mulliken Electrostatic Charges, Fukui functions HOMO-LUMO gaps data and interactions energies between FNTPs and water acting as simultaneous proton donor and acceptor, predict the reactivity of different basic sites in the following decreasing sequence: CO17> CO14> O19>O13 for FNTP-1 and CO16> O13 for FNTP-2.

The land is a right that cannot be separated from human life. It is a place to earn a living, build a house or residence, and also a place of burial of people at the time of death. It is an essential thing to a human. For there to be no uncertainty of rights between each other, it is necessary to have rules governing the relationship between man and the land. The land law according to customary law rules man's relationship with the land. According to customary law in Indonesia, there are two kinds of land rights, communal rights, and individuals. It makes the existence of customary law dualism in Indonesia. This should be avoided in the field of law because dualism can lead to legal uncertainty in which a situation is contrary to the philosophy and purpose of the law itself. Thus, the question arises how the customary land law arrangements that exist in Indonesia and the customary land law position after UUPA 1960. This research used normative juridical approach method; this approach refers to written regulations or other legal materials that are secondary to see how it is done through field research to obtain clarity about the subject matter. It can be concluded that the customary laws prevailing in Indonesia indicate the existence of a nuance of life or social function of the land in the division of communal land and individual land or individual. The distribution of rights or arrangements on customary land rights indicates an attempt to discipline the use of customary lands to ensure justice. Legal certainty is not guaranteed by only relying on customary land law alone because of aspects of applying the principle of abstract jurisdiction construction in customary land law.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer the world over. With advances in treatment and early stage detection of cancer, there are a growing number of women who survive breast cancer for many years after treatments like mastectomy and chemotherapy/radiation. A cancer diagnosis is traumatic as it can be life threatening, necessitating a reorganization of life’s assumptions and goals. As survivors begin to understand their illness experience, they often re-examine the meaning they attach to their existence. Though it can be very stressful, positive transformative changes are also reported by survivors as a result of their experience with cancer. Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is most evident as positive adaptive changes seen in individuals who have struggled with highly challenging events. This growth can be described in five major domains: seeing new possibilities, changed relationships (improved), being stronger despite feeling vulnerable, greater appreciation for life, changes in spiritual and existential domains. This paper is an attempt to elaborate on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth in the context of surviving breast cancer.

This study aimed to analyze the positive and significant effect of the marketing mix. The products of the partial brand equity, brand equity ratio price partially, place partially on brand equity, promotion of the brand equity and partial positive and significant impact Product, Price, Place, and Promotion of the brand equity simultaneously. The population of this study was students from six universities throughout Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi. With the classification of students who had used the ink refill brand Data Print, with starta economy class upper middle (ABC), aged between 17 s / d 55 years spread at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta State University, University of Mercu Buana, Jakarta Muhammadiyah University, University Tarumanagara, University of Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka. While the number of samples from a population of 146 598 students with MOE 5 percent at 5 percent confidence level based on the table of Isaac and Michael is 347 samples. Method of quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, followed by analysis of determination (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (test F). The results showed that the products are positive and significant impact on brand equity partially, Price has a significant and positive effect on brand equity partially, Places have a significant and positive effect on brand equity partially, Promotion positively and positively affects partial brand equity. And variable products, Price, Place and Promotion have a positive and significant effect on brand equity simultaneously.