Post-dengue fatigue syndrome (PDFS) is not uncommon phenomenon of dengue viral infection. The PDFS has wide spectrum of musculo-skeletal and neurological features. It was observed in 25% of hospitalized patients with dengue. The exact pathogenesis is not known, but this complex interaction of immune, endocrine, musculoskeletal and neurological system act through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis causing clinical features of fatigue in dengue. Persuade a balanced diet, and converse with patients their nutritional habits. Advice about graded exercise is essential. Anti-depressants are of minimal benefits for post viral fatigue. I performed systematic reviews of the published literature. The database, Pubmed was searched using the term of ‘dengue fatigue’ or ‘Post dengue fatigue’, or ‘post viral fatigue’ and ‘post infectious fatigue’ in any field with no data limits. After exclusion of double entries, I assessed all publications. I included articles related to fatigue due to post viral and dengue viral infection. Two articles were found related to post dengue fatigue syndrome. The rest of the information was extracted from the articles related to post viral fatigue syndrome

Nigeria as a country is endowed with what is required to become one of the greatest countries of the world in terms of social, political, economic and educational development, but the menace of “Nigerian factor” has become one of the major impediments to the realization of that feat. The menace has become part of the socio-cultural pattern among Nigerians that it has become very difficult to uproot in spite of the anti-corruption war. Nigerian factor is a corrupt value system and mind-set that are learnt either consciously or unconsciously which propels an individual to seek for selfgratification against the collective interest and growth of the nation. It manifests in the attitude to work of Nigerians, expectation of gratification and appreciation before carrying out an official duty, “sorting” in educational institutions in order to gain undue advantage from lecturers, nepotism and cronyism, long leg, poor attitude to due process, bottom power, among others. Nigerian factor puts both private and public officers in a fix between doing the right thing or towing the line of the menace, it affects the quality of graduates from educational institutions, leads to marginalization of those that refuse to tow its line, and so on. The paper therefore recommends value reorientation through effective teaching of values in Social Studies at different levels of education, attitudinal change through the instrumentality of education, modelling of appropriate values and attitudes among others.

The fetal brain injury associated with maternal caffeine administration in rats was studied using the Cajal reactive astrocytes method. Thirty (30) adult female rats were mated and pregnant female rats were divided into three major groups, namely A, B and C. Each group had ten pregnant rats. Group A served as the control and were served distilled water. Groups B and C received 50 mg and 90 mg/kg per body weight of caffeine (Sigma-Aldrich). On the 20th day of gestation, pregnant rats were sacrificed by chloroform inhalation method. Sixty fetuses were randomly selected and weighed. The brains of fetuses were harvested and fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin. Sections of the fetal brain were processed histologically using the Cajal reactive astrocytes staining method. Results revealed normal morphological appearance of astrocytes in the brain of fetal rats given distilled water while the sections of fetal brain of rats exposed to maternal administration of 50 mg and 90 mg/kg body weight of caffeine showed increased number of astrocytes that were hypertrophied and are termed reactive astrocytes. There was no significant difference in weights of animals in control group and test groups. Based on the presence of reactive astrocytes observed in the test group, the study suggests that maternal caffeine administration may induce fetal brain injury in rats

One of the well known images in the iconography of ancient Egypt is the Nut, Shu, Geb scene. In this paper the author used the “solar cosmological interpretation” (SCI) to enforce the perception of this scene as a depiction of the process of creation. The method of SCI implies the use of the deductive approach to establish the kemetic cosmological argument (KCA) and the pre-suppositional use of the systematic natural theology that the KCA constitutes to correlate and enforce the Nut, Shu, Geb scene as a cosmogonical and cosmological depiction; the correlation thus established between the KCA and the NSGS extends the scientific nature of the former to the later and evidences that the Nut, Shu, Geb scene is not only the depiction of the origin of the temporal universe, but also a pictorial explanation of the nature of our universe.

Cancer of the ovary represents about 30% of all gynaecological cancers. Surface epithelial tumours are the most commonly diagnosed subgroup. The present study included 80 cases of ovarian tumours diagnosed over a period of 5 years (4 years retrospective and 1 year prospective). The tumours were broadly classified into benign, borderline and malignant groups. The strength of ER expression increased on progressing from benign to malignant tumour morphology. An increase in ER staining grade was observed with increasing FIGO stage. Anti-ER therapy may potentially be of use in patients with advanced disease

In this paper the author handles the issue of secularism in African context and shows that it is wrongly defined due to the use of European inherited or mimicked standards. He explains that, while Western perception places religion out of the field of science, the naturalized epistemology of African indigenous knowledge demonstrates that religion is one of the three components of African traditional science and that contrary to Western Christianity and to Islam, African traditional religion (ATR) involves a scientific content explaining rationally the relationship between God, man and the universe, and cultural contents necessitated by the need to apply the scientific religious principles within specific milieus. Moreover, ATR thus defined leads to a scientific and normative discourse of morality. Therefore, any strategy of secularization in Africa must first make the distinction between the scientific content of ATR and its cultural ones. It is thus obvious that, as far ATR is concerned, African governments must adopt non-secular policy vis-à-vis its scientific aspects, as it is the case for any science, and apply secularism only toward its cultural contents.

The highest healing practice in Kôngo traditional society has always involved the purification of being and/or the use of spirits. This approach has been so far frowned at as having no scientific foothold, i.e., as being a mere superstition. In this paper, the author demonstrates the scientific anthropological bases of the purification of being, exposes the scientific validity of the existence of spirits, and evidences the main two approaches of the use of the spirits in divine healing as being the use of water, of herbal and mineral agents as well as the sole use of prayer. The methodology used in this paper is based on the use of the facto-deductive scheme to formulate the kemetic cosmological argument and the pre-suppositional use of the systematic natural theology thus stated to prove the scientific nature and validity of the various aspects of the Kôngo culture. The demonstration thus made has been shown to be susceptible of generalization mutatis mutandis to cover any African traditional society. Finally the author gives a glimpse of the modern continuation of African traditional spiritual healing practice.

Hermeneutics, as a theory of interpretation, has a long tradition in Western thought. In Africa however this science has always been seen within the context of the Western thought. The statement of a naturalized epistemology of African indigenous knowledge, the demonstrated existence of a solar religion characterizing the civilizations of Egypt, Sumer, as well as primitive Christianity and traditional Africa, all of this coupled to the demonstrated scientific nature of the solar religion indicates the existence of an approach of interpretation of religious texts and discourses exclusively appropriate to solar cultures. This new approach distinguishes the scientific content from the cultural one, and judges the religious records by a comparative study of its scientific content with a systematic natural theology which provides an unbiased scientific standard of the “Word of God”.

In Africa the study of witchcraft is hampered by methodological problems which are the result of the use of Eurocentric materialistic belittling paradigm. To avoid this pitfall, this paper offers a new empirical methodological approach which relies on: (1) The scientificity of African indigenous epistemology and the superiority of its bases compared to Eurocentric view; this eschews any connotation of superstition as far as African values are concerned. (2) The distinct existence of the divine, human and demonic initiatory lore in African culture; this distinction corners witchcraft to the demonic field. (3) The possibility of studying witchcraft empirically as the reverse of the practice of the divine mystery. For the implementation of this methodology in relation to African cultures, this paper recommends Kôngo religion as the best starting paradigm, because it is a scientific episteme and it enables the scholar to seize the different trends of African traditional religion in a unifying theory.

This study aimed to determine the effect of brand image, brand awareness and price on purchasing decisions of products of SMEs in SMESCO Indonesia. Population in this study as many as 1340 people using Slovin’s formula, then got the sample of research as many as 93 consumers. The result of descriptive statistical analysis shows that respondents who answered agree on the indicators of research variables are very high and the results of multiple regression analysis yields multiple linear regression equation Y = 9.430 + 0.227 X1 + 0.278 X2 + 0.376 X3. Based on the results of the analysis showed that the variables of brand image, brand awareness and price influence the purchasing decisions of products of SMEs in SMESCO Indonesia. Based on calculations using SPSS showed that the adjusted R Square of 94.5% variable on purchase decisions are influenced by brand image, brand awareness and price while the remaining 5.5% is influenced by other variables. Based on these results, it turns out the factors of brand image, brand awareness and price can have a positive impact on purchasing decisions SME products from consumers SMESCO Indonesia so as to achieve the purpose of the company's success.

The aim of this research to analyze the effect of training and organizational commitment on performance of State University of Jakarta Student Cooperative (KOPMA UNJ) Management. The amount of population from KOPMA UNJ management from 2015-2016 is 70 people. Census method was used to involve all member in population as the respondent. This is a quantitative research used a questionnaire with likert scale that given to respondents to get the primary data. Validity and reliability testing included the Pearson product moment and statistic Cronbach’s Alpha tests. Analytical method used to answer the hypotheses was multiple linear regressions with SPSS program to process the data. The result showed that training and organizational commitment had a significant and positive effect on performance. The highest correlation was between the dimension of target found in human resource development variable and the dimension of work quality in performance variable. Holding a training and education can increase management’s work quality and it will impact the organization to achieve its goals.

Abstract: Although the growth and feed performance of the fishes after inclusion of varying doses of proteins, lipids and carbohydrate has been established by so many authors in different classes of fishes. The present research work is based on the protein concentrate variation to assess the growth performance. Inclusion of 25, 30, 35 and 40% crude protein in diet of Cyprinus carpio showed promising growth parameters in treatment 4 with 35% CP inclusion. Results revealed that fish meal can be a good choice for better economic returns from the carp culture.

The clinical efficacy of transabdominal ultrasonography of gastroesophageal reflux disease was presented in the article. 250 patients with clinical and endoscopic signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease were examined. It was determined the length of the abdominal esophagus, the esophageal diameter, lumen width, the thickness and structure of walls. It was also revealed that the most common signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease were the expansion of the diameter of the distal part of the esophagus after intake of liquids, regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus in the form of a symmetrical thickening of the walls of the esophagus

This research was done to formulate an optimized Chronotherapeutic Timed Release Tablets (ChrTRTs) containing theophylline, a potent bronchodilator used in the management of asthma in the inner core as a Chronotherapeutic drug delivery system. Theophylline core tablets (TCT) containing Irvingia gabonesis gum (2.5 %w/w) as binder and maize starch (15%w/w) as disintegrant were prepared at a compression pressure of 30 units on the arbitrary load scale. ChrTRTs containing the inner core tablet with Anarcadium occidentale gum, Irvingia gabonesis gum, and Sodium Starch glycolate at varying concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % w/w) to achieve a predetermined lag time for chronotherapy were prepared at a compression pressure of 35 units on the arbitrary load scale. The parameters determined were tablet hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration test and in-vitro dissolution studies. The release profile showed that all the ChrTRTs tablets exhibited a distinct lag time before burst release of the theophylline. Lag time was dependent on the amount of starch glycolate in the outer shell. The lag time of all formulations was between 0 to 6 h and it decreased with an increase in the amount of starch glycolate in the outer layer. Formulation ChrTRT2 was considered as the optimized formulation since it yielded a predetermined lag time of 4 h before burst release of theophylline from the ChrTRTs. The indication is that this design can be exploited and utilized to achieve chronotherapeutic drug delivery systems of theophylline for the management of chronic illnesses such as asthma

The objectives of the study are to find out the evaluation of dengue indoor vector surveillance done by the teams of Shahdara, Lahore and awareness of health hazards of dengue fever. It was a cross sectional descriptive study. The study was done in UC 3 & 4 of Shahdara, Lahore. There were total of 100 households selected through simple random sampling. The interviewers were assessed using pre designed questionnaire containing questions about dengue team performance and awareness of the household members regarding dengue. Our study suggested a good level of performance of dengue team (83%) as answered by the people. Regarding awareness in general public revealed only little adequate knowledge (8%) but awareness of protective measures was high (71%).Awareness about mosquito as a vector was 73% in our study. Awareness level regarding use of any measure of protection was high (71%) in our study. The respondents were asked about their knowledge about Dengue. Many of them stated that they got knowledge from electronic and print media. The teams were lacking in knowledge and training. These members were not having identity cards or proper uniform. In fact there is acute shortage of the workers in the field. The indoor teams spend less time inside the house and they seem to be in a hurry. Proper checking of all the breeding places will certainly insure the increase in efficacy of the surveillance