This research needs to be done because Employee’s Performance on BP SDM ESDM during the last 5 years tends not to reach the target. The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of leadership style and work motivation on employee performance. The research analytical unit is the employees of the BP SDM ESDM, Number of population is 133 employees by determining the Slovin sample and the questionnaire research instrument. Quantitative analysis method is used in this research with multiple linear regression analysis, followed by determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous hypothesis test (F test), alpha (tolerance error) 5 percent. Before spreading the questionnaire first in the validity and reliability test until all questionnaires are valid and reliability. In order to meet the criteria and requirements of multiple linear regression analysis, first classical assumption analysis such as normality test, homogeneity test, and other. SPSS data processing tool version 20.0. The result of this research is that leadership style does not affect on employees’ performance and work motivation have positive and significant effect on partial employees’ performance. The good leadership style applied in motivating employee to work will generate in good employees’ performance.

Littoral zones the world over fall amongst the most productive ecosystems because they possess diverse attributes which could be exploited for socio-economic development, such as mangroves. The Republic of Cameroon could equally be accessed via its maritime borders in the south and south west directions along its Atlantic coast. These coastal areas have developed a huge expanse of mangroves. The mangroves along Cameroon’s coast could be classified into three groups: the Rio Del Rey Estuary mangrove, the Cameroon Estuary mangrove and the Rio Ntem Estuary mangrove. Due to the lack of a coordinated management system, these mangroves have been exploited unscrupulously by the neighbouring communities in different ways as a livelihood activity in order to satisfy their needs and wants. This study sets out to assess the exploitation of mangroves along the littoral coast of Cameroon through field surveys and the consultation of institutional sources from government ministries such as Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) and Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED). It was observed that Cameroon’s Littoral zone extends to a distance of about 402km long, containing about 250,000 hectares of mangroves. However, these mangroves are unsustainably exploited by the neighbouring communities notably for fishing, mineral (mostly sand, petroleum) exploitation, wood harvesting for the smoking of fish and fuel wood, housing or settlement expansion, industrial activities, etc. All these human activities jeopardize the future existence of this mangrove-rich ecosystem as well as the benefits they hold for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, which is a major concern of the Cameroon government who have enacted various legislation and policies for their sustainable management.

Presently computer technology is becoming an important education tool especially in girl‟s schools about the use of computer technology. Therefore, the main objectives of this study was to introduce different types of computer and information technology knowledge related to student‟s life and society requirements. The population for this study was a group of people involved in the module including both the teachers and students from two secondary schools in Al- Qassim. Personnel interview was considered as the best method for the study from the researcher's perspective. A conceptual model was developed to evaluate the use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) for the improvement of teaching computer technology in girls‟ secondary schools. Questionnaire was designed based on the Likert Scale for the respondents to sate their level of agreement on the scale of five items [strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree with a scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The implementation of the Soft Systems Methodology was illustrated by stages, which included the development of a rich picture, root definitions, conceptual models and comparison with the real world. The application of SSM achieved some of the study objectives pertaining to computer teaching technology in girl‟s secondary school encountered by many obstacles. The achievement of SSM application was presented in the rich picture which seemed helpful especially in presenting the conflict between the students and the teacher‟s demands keeping in view the limitations of the program for better understanding of the situation. The induction of computer teaching technology proved useful in enhancing the student‟s skill about the benefits of computer tools in learning at schools. The suggested system was found useful for updating the use of SSM by applying the computer module in teaching computer technology in girl‟s secondary schools in Al-Qaseem, Saudi Arabia. Because it is comprehensive and would fully examine the application of SSM methodology. This study recommended the application of SSM in schools context but within the context of individuals‟ conflict situation. Application and use of computer teaching technology is an important education tool especially in girl‟s schools about the use of computer tools and software for improving learning skills about different aspects of life. This study recommended the induction of computer teaching technology for enhancing the student‟s skill about the benefits of computer tools for learning and understanding different aspects of life at school levels.

This review is about the most prevalent disease Leishmaniasis at the various areas of Pakistan. This paper explains Leishmania as the cause of the disease, geographical distribution of its species, genome, morphology, vector specie, clinical forms, treatment, control and epidemiology of the Leishmania at various provinces and cities of Pakistan and its neighboring countries. The paper briefly concludes the main source of the prevalence of the disease and the precautionary measures that should be taken against Leishmaniasis

Tabita is one of the cosmetic products that are currently in high demand by young people and able to maintain customer loyalty among them among students. This research focuses on students of Faculty of Economics and Business UNPAB. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the influence of brand image, trust and halal product to switching barrier and its impact on the loyalty of Tabita cosmetic user. The type of this research is quantitative associative, and the nature of the research is explanatory research. The population of this study was 362 female students, and the sample of research was 190 respondents. Sample technique used in this research is purposive sampling. Data analysis is using path analysis. Results of first submodel research show simultaneously and partial of the brand image have the positive and significant effect to switching barrier. Trust and halal products have no significant positive effect on switching barrier. The results of second submodel research show simultaneously and partial brand image, trust, and halal products have a positive and significant impact on loyalty. The results also show the brand image, trust, and halal products negatively affect loyalty through switching barrier.

Pulmonary pneumocystis (PCP) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection that can occur in non-AIDS immunocompromized patients, mainly in solid organ transplant recipients, in patients with hematological malignancy and those treated for autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. In human, PCP is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Over the last years, advances in cancer treatments (including new drugs, high dose and intensive chemotherapy with bone marrow or stemcell transplantation) and immunomodulation resulted in an increased number of patients with impaired immunity and risk for PCP.

Tripod robot system can replace the manual to complete industrial control action simple but repetitive work, such as in the industrial production line of the sorting work. In the actual control, how to quickly and accurately identify the color and shape of the object, at the same time in the shortest time to place it in the specified location, is an urgent problem to be solved. Tripod robot control system based on improved Hamiltonian path planning algorithm , combining the corner detection and corner filling algorithm can accurately identify the shape of the object; using the greedy algorithm to realize the local optimal solution, a dynamic programming algorithm to achieve the global optimal solution, solves the problem of sorting in the shortest time. Experimental results show that the system can achieve the sorting of objects accurately and efficiently.

The study examined impact of non-performing loans on bank performance in Nigeria between 1990 and 2016. Both return on asset ROA and profit after tax are two financial performance indicators used as dependent variables. Other independent variables used are non-performing loans, loan and advances, total deposits and lending rates. Auto-regressive distributed lags ARDL and Vector auto-regression VAR are applied. The results show that all the variables show significant long and short run relationships with ROA but not with PAT. The relationship between PAT and NPL with other variables are analysed via VAR since cointrgration could not be established. The VAR result indicates that PAT as measure of bank performance is more responsive to changes in total deposits more than any other variable including the NPL. It is concluded that ROA appears to be a better measure of bank performance when studying effects of NPL as it shows that it has significant negative impact on ROA but the PAT does not show any significant response to NPL.

Sulphate attack is a significant problem which locally affects concrete and other constructional materials. The aim of this work is to study the effect of internal sulphate which is present in concrete raw materials. Gypsum was used as a source of internal sulphate. Specimens were prepared for mechanical tests in formed of (150mm cubes) for compressive test and (100*100*400 mm prisms) for flexure test with selective mix proportions of 1:2:4 by weight and water/cement ratio of 0.5 by weight. Results have shown that the compressive strength of concrete at age of 60 days decreases by 46%, 52%, 65% when added sulphate is in 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight of sand to concrete mixes, respectively. Also results have shown that when the percentage of cement content increased by 3% , 5% , 7% in concrete mixes ,which contain sulphates in 3% , 5% , 7% by weight of sand ,the compressive strength of concrete at 28 and 60 days has been increased and has the same compressive strength of concrete without sulphates. Moreover, flexural strength decreased by 10%, 25% and 38% when added sulphate is in 3% , 5%, 7% by weight of sand to concrete mixes and at age of 60 days, respectively. This decrement in flexural strength has been tempered by increasing the cement percentage by (3, 5, 7) % of cement weight to become equal to the value of standard specimens.

Body image is what an individual perceives of his or her body and the mental schemas that one forms with respect to their body and may or may not bear resemblance to reality. The four elements to a body image are how you see your body, how you feel about your body, how think about your body and what you do as a result of all of the above. It may be positive or negative. Body image in young adult women means how women between the ages of 18-25 years perceive their body and what factors influence the body image of women in that age. Body image has implications on mental health such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression and selfconfidence and eating disorders. Physical illnesses such as cancer, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis also play a role in body image. Literature done in other countries suggests that a majority of women have body image issues. Therefore this concept has to be studied in the Indian context too.

A two-year retrospective study was carried out on the cases of unnatural deaths with age under 19 years old subjected to medicolegal autopsies from 2014 – 2015.The main objectives of the study were: a) To ascertain the various aspects of unnatural deaths. b) To analyze the probable reasons for the same. c) To find remedial measures to bring down the incidence. The incidence of unnatural deaths was found to be persistently increasing. Maximum number of such deaths 283 (72%) belonged to the age group of 13 - 19 years. Rural population was more prone to poisoning whereas the urban became victim of road-traffic accidents. Males preferred drowning whereas females preferred self-immolation (burns) and poisons to end their own lives.

A newer treatment modality for correction of anterior cross bite with use of acrylic occlusal splint with Z spring has been used, which is easy to fabricate, easy to use and require least patient cooperation. This article describes two cases treated with this appliance in mixed dentition and duration of the treatment noted in these patients.

Abstract: Managing public sector projects is a challenge because of the ethical issues involved during the project procurement process which may ultimately impact the quality, cost and time of the project itself. This review sought to assess the influence of accountability and transparency on ethical decision making in project procurement. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Population for this study comprised of project managers and internal and external stakeholders. Content analysis and thematic analysis of collected data was conducted. The study established that Disregard to existing systems and procedures compounded by inadequate transparency and accountability mechanisms means that progress in many public projects did not translate into better outcomes. The enhancement of transparency and accountability in contract awarding mechanisms as well as fair and adequate regulations may contribute to the efficiency of tendering practices.

In spite of the twenty-first century being an era of information and communication which make accessing authentic texts easier, it is very unfortunate that there still exist many misconceptions regarding Islam. One of such misconception is the issue of terrorism. Naturally, any misconception has roots somewhere and when it comes to modern day terrorism linked with Islam, it is an ideological group historically known as Kharijites who caused serious confusion among Muslims and between Non-Muslims. This paper examines the creeds and principles of the early Khawarij, how they influenced modern day extremist groups like the Boko Haram in Nigeria and why they have deviated from traditional mainstream Islam. Islam is a religion ordained by Allah which has been erroneously aligned with terrorism and numerous conflicts around the globe since the September 11, 2001 attacks in the USA. While Islam does not encourage these actions, there exists movements within the Muslim community which use forcefulness as a means of political expression similar to the early extremist Khawarij sect who abused the concept of takfir. The new brand of Khawarij and their likes the Boko Haram in Nigeria seem to have adopted the main tenets of the Khawarij creed and as a result, carrying out acts of violence under the guise of Islamic jihad. The paper suggests that there is the need for further study on the ideological roots of these groups, their actions, and how society proffer solutions to combat their ideas before they degenerate into terrorist actions.

Abstract: Banks are important in the economy because they provide the security to the savings of customers, control the supply of money and credit and encourage public confidence in the working of the financial system. The current study sought to establish the influence of macroeconomic factors on bank performance. This study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The 44 commercial banks registered by central bank participated in the study. The study utilized secondary data which was sourced from CBK annual bank supervision reports over a 10-year period between 2006 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to organize the data while regression analysis was also be conducted to establish the relationships between variables in the study. The study found that macroeconomic factors have a strong positive correlation with bank performance. Exchange rates were significant. The study concludes that macroeconomic factors as a whole are important to bank performance. The study recommended that banks should enhance their risk management practices to shield them from grave exchanger rate exposure. This can be achieved through keen monitoring of fluctuations. Keywords: Macroeconomic factors, bank performance, exchange rates, interest rates