Marjolin’s ulcer (MU) represents malignant degeneration or transformation that typically occurs over a period of time in chronic ulcers, post-burned lesions and scars. It is a rare occurrence but a serious complication of chronic ulcers and scars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinico-pathological pattern, treatment outcome of patients with Marjolin’s ulcer in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. We evaluated patients who presented with ulcers resulting from chronic wounds, post- burned lesions and scars who had histologically proven skin cancers between January, 2013 and 2015 .All chronic ulcers lasting more than 6 months with clinical evidence of malignancy were biopsied for histology. The patients ’case notes and cancer register were also assessed. Patients with negative biopsy results for malignancy were excluded in the study. A total of 13 patients were diagnosed Marjolin’s ulcer within 3 years of the study period. 10 patients were males while three were females with age range of 24 to 72years, the mean was 38years, and peak age was 36- 42 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the leading cause constituting 9(69.2%), baso-squamous carcinoma 3(23.1%) followed by basal cell carcinoma 1(7.7%). Aetiologically, trauma is the leading cause making up of 10 (76.9%) and followed up by post-burned injuries 3 (23.1%). The commonest site of lesions were the lower limbs 9(69.2%), the upper limb 2(15.4%), the head/neck 1(7.7%) and the trunk 1(7.7%). The tumour types were exophytic 5(38.5%) while the infiltrative type was 8(61.5%). The tumour size less than 5cm were 4(30.8%) while size greater than 5cm 9(69.2%). The most common reason for late presentation was poverty and treatment by traditional healers. Surgical resection with skin graft or flap was the main modality of treatment followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two patients had amputation of the limbs because of bony involvement. In conclusion, Marjolin’s ulcer is a malignant degeneration of chronic ulcers and scars. Late presentation is a common feature. Delayed presentation was mainly due to economic problems and treatment by traditional healers. Therefore, health education and early closure of wounds would help to prevent the development of marjolin’s ulcers among our patients.

Abstract: Governments all over the world collect taxes so as to finance public services. Taxpayers in Kenya display varying levels in compliance to tax. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of tax regulations enforcement on tax compliance by Agri-business SMEs in Nyeri County, Kenya. The theory of Economic deterrence anchored the study and the study did empirical review regarding related literature. Target population in the study was owners of Agri-business SMEs in Nyeri and Karatina Towns. Sample size was of 208 SMEs owners. Descriptive survey research method was used. Stratified systematic sampling method was adopted. Proportional method of allocation was used in allocating sample size. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The questionnaire’s reliability was tested through Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha computation. Instrument’s validity test was conducted using two expert groups. Data analysis was done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics and also inferential statistics were generated. Bivariate as well as multivariate linear regression analysis generated ANOVA, correlation coefficients and Model fitness R2. Findings presentation was through graphs and tables. At 95% confidence level, the regression results generated a correlation coefficient, R=0.629 indicating a moderate positive relationship between tax regulations enforcement and tax compliance by Agri-business SMEs in Nyeri County, Kenya. Coefficient of determination, R2, was found to be 0.395 showing that 39.5% of variation in tax compliance was explained by tax regulations enforcement. The study thus concluded that tax regulations enforcement affected tax compliance among SMEs in Nyeri County. The study recommends more inspections and stiffer penalties for non-compliance. Findings of this study will be used by stakeholders including owners and employees of SMEs, government, scholars and other researchers.

Auricular keloids are common skin disease among the Negro race which complicates ear piercing, trauma and post burns injury. Injection corticosteroid (triamcinolone) is a simple modality of treatment that is being used we aim at finding out the more appropriate time to start triamcinolone injection after surgery of fresh or recurrent keloids. We prospectively recruited 43 patients with 59 keloids who had new and recurrent keloids from Jan, 2014 to Dec. 2015. The patients had one to three keloids per each auricle or bilaterally. The patients were randomized into two groups, viz: group 1 were 21 patients who were injected intra-operatively while group 2 were 22 patients who were first injected on the seventh day post-surgery. We administered 10-40mg of triamcinolone into the wounds every 3weeks with a total of 3-4 doses. The follow-up period was between 6months and 2 years. Recurrence was seen in 1 (4.8%) in the intra-operative triamcinolone injected patients while the postoperatively healed wounds before commencement of injection showed 5(22.8%) recurrence rate. Cosmetic acceptance was equally better in the intra-operative commencement than in the post-operative ones. The administration of cortico-steroids therapy for the prevention of keloids in post-surgical patients should be commenced at surgery because of its reduced recurrent rate, good cosmetic appearance as well as no exposure to radiotherapy.

A research study to ascertain the perception towards decline in child sex ratio (DCSR) was carried out in Rewari district of Haryana state. Data was collected by interviewing 120 ANC (Antenatal care) clients using semi-structured interview schedule. The major findings of study are: (1) ANC beneficiaries are well aware of DCSR (Declining child sex ratio), but emphasized the need for more of BCC (Behavior change communication) activities by the Health Department. The factors mainly responsible for DCSR are: son preference and dowry. Mushrooming of USG (Ultrasonography) clinics is also expressed as a major factor by large number of respondents. (2) The various reasons for son preference are; that he is a supporter and provider for the parents in their old age; keeps the family name alive and are needed to perform their last rites. Also, by investing on sons’ education or business, the wealth remains in the family. (3) The major reasons for not preferring female child are dowry and perception of girls being paraya dhan. Other perceptions are that investing on girls is a waste with no returns and security reasons especially against sexual offences. (4) Majority of them perceived non-availability of brides as major repercussion of DCSR followed by increased crime against women and polyandry.

Sri Lanka is a south-Asian island of Indian Ocean and situated south-east of the Indian subcontinent. It is in the grip of a severe dengue epidemic. Currently, dengue fever [DF] and dengue hemorrhagic [DHF] fever cases are reported all part of the SriLanka, but we could observe two peaks in absolute number and incidence of DF and DHF occur annually along with monsoon rain and density of two mosquito vector species (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus).In the eastern part of the SriLanka, there were dengue out break started in January 2017.This study was conducted in the Tertiary care hospital Batticaloa, SriLanka. Objectives of the study were to know the pattern of distribution of DF among male and female and to know the incidence of laboratory confirmed dengue cases among clinically suspected dengue patients. During this last four month period number of suspected dengue fever cases increased steadily, from 1st of January 2017 to 31st of April there were 2562 suspected dengue cases admitted in this hospital. Last four months 1811 dengue-IgM and IgG antibodies tests were carried out, only 760(41.96%) cases were positive for primary infection

Needle stick injuries are wounds caused by needles that accidently harm the skin. These wounds are harmful for individuals who work with needles and other sharp equipments. These wounds can happen whenever individuals utilize, or discard needles. Needle stick injury (NSIs) is genuine reason behind blood borne infection transmitted among wellbeing mind personals. Administering infusion, pulling back blood, recapping needles, arranging needles, treatment of junk and dirty materials and exchanging blood or body liquid from syringe to example compartments are typical activities related with sharp injuries. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge and practice of needle stick injury among nurses. The significance of the study is that this study is beneficial for all nurses, undergraduate students and other health organization. In conclusion, the awareness of the nurses regarding needle stick injury and its preventive measure on their practical training was poor. A survey was finished by 253 nurses. In this review, needle stick harm was characterized by percutaneous harm brought about by empty borne needles, suturing needles, surgical tool and blades. In this review 77.1% nurses have great learning 20.2% have poor information and 2.8% have no information about empty borne needles and the fundamental driver of percutaneous wounds with empty bore needles were recapping). The greater part of wounds happened after utilize what's more, before disposal of the objects. . All in all, the familiarity with the nurses to needle stick harm and preventive measure and application on their functional preparing was poor. It would be suggest that the wellbeing training program for needle stick damage and preventive measure should be introduced to all the nurses and encourage them to apply during their daily practice

Abstract: The most common odontogenic tumor is ameloblastoma which develops from epithelial cellular elements and dental tissues in various phases of development. We present case of unicystic mandibular ameloblastoma encountered by us that managed by enucleation & were allowed to heal secondary by iodoform dressing. No recurrence was detected after one year a follow-up.

Body mechanic means the use of body as a machine and as a mean of movements efficiently. It should be practiced in every moment of life. People from all profession are almost affected with back pain and other musculoskeletal problems. Nurses experience low back pain more than other group, incidence varies among countries. Nurses need to use body mechanic technique during performing every procedure. They can use body mechanics more effectively if they have well knowledge about it. Purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of body mechanic techniques. A cross sectional descriptive design was used for this study. A sample of 216 nurses was taken by using convenient sample technique. Instrument used for this study was set of questioner compose of demographic data, nurse’s knowledge and practices of body mechanic technique. Scoring was based on likers scale. Data was analyzed on SPSS (version 21) and results were presented in tables, pie charts and table for the demographic data, bar charts and table was used for the knowledge and practices of the participants. The demographic data revealed that all of the nurses were female and 41.3% (n=93) belong to the age group of 26-30years. Majority were from the ICU/CCU and having job experience of 0-5 years. 173% (n=173) were having diploma of general nursing and midwife as a qualification. 65% of nurses had fair knowledge about the body mechanic technique and 35% with poor knowledge. In term of practices, 60% nurses were practicing body mechanic techniques while the rest of 40% were not practicing. However, back pain is prevalent problem among nurses. Majority of the nurses was having knowledge about body mechanic technique but less was practicing it. Nurses need to be more educated about body mechanic technique and they should be emphasized to practice it in performing nursing procedure as well as in routine life

Service quality is a broad term and can be define as, critical differences among the patient’s observation and belief of the facility and the actual act of the service received by the client providing by the organization at a certain period of time and it has effect on client or patients’ satisfaction and behavioural intention. To investigate the effect of service quality on patient satisfaction and behavioural intention of doctors and nurses. Study design used in this study was descriptive cross sectional study design and 171 patients were selected for the study from indoor department of Lady Willingdon Hospital, Lahore through simple random method and all of the participants were female Result of the study reveal that hospital service quality greatly influences behavioural intention and patients. Finding show that most of the respondents were strongly agrees that service quality increase patient satisfaction and behavioural intention. While Regression analysis shows that service quality significantly positive effect on patient satisfaction and have negative effect on behavioural intention. Better Service quality is important for any organization especially in healthcare organization. They play important roles in customer/patient satisfaction and behavioural intention. Better Service quality has positive affect on patient satisfaction and behavioural intention. The results of this show that any hospital providing good service to their patients then will be satisfied and recommend their friends and neighbours for treatment to this hospital

Standard isolation precaution is a way to stop the spread of hospital acquired infection which may be in the form of blood, secretions, body waste, body fluids and mucous membrane that may contain contagious infectious agents. Nurses are the persons who have the moral obligation to care for sick persons and improve their regaining health and attain excellent worth of treatment care. Therefore health care providers should have proper awareness and good practice to strictly adhere to standard isolation precaution to infection control. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses toward standard isolation precaution among registered nurses. Study design of this study descriptive cross sectional was used and 132 participants were participate in this study from Children Hospital, Lahore through convenient sample method and all of the participants were female nurses. Results of the study revealed that answers from the participant clearly predicted that most of the nurses have good knowledge and unsatisfactory attitude and practice toward standard isolation precaution. Conclusion of the current study concluded that using standard isolation precaution is very important for nurses to control hospital acquired infection. Study finding also show that most of the nurses contributing in the study have good knowledge about standard isolation precaution but there attitude were not satisfactory toward standard isolation precaution. Study finding also predict that most of the nurses also have unsatisfactory practice and they do not use standard isolation precaution to control infection

Job dissatisfaction can cause the nurse’s burnout. The job at the hospitals produces the severe mental exhaustion or burnout. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and nurse’s burnout among the registered nurses at Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. The descriptive correlational study design was utilized. The questionnaire was distributed to 260 registered nurses at Jinnah hospital included in the study, and head nurses midwives, assistance nurses were excluded from the study. Data was collected through convenient sampling technique and data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. The results of the study depict that job satisfaction has significant negative relationship with nurses’ burnout. Therefore, hospital’s administration should emphasize on the factors which keep the nurses satisfied and the burnout of the nurses can be avoided. The study provides the limitations and recommendation in the end

Pressure ulcer lead to pain and discomfort for patients and also cause prolong illness, delay restoration, increase patient’s hospital stay, and may lead to infirmity and even death. The purpose of this study was to assess the nurse’s knowledge and practices towards pressure ulcer prevention. To check the association between nurses job experience and their knowledge and practices towards pressure ulcer prevention at Lahore General Hospital. A cross sectional study among 253 nurses conducted in Lahore General Hospital. The study participants were selected by convenience sampling technique. An adopted questionnaire distribute among study participants. Data entered and analyzed in SPSS version 21 for descriptive statistics and results presented in Graphs and Tables. Chi-Square test used to check the association between nurses job experience and their knowledge and practices. Nurses have poor knowledge (35.2%) regarding risk factors of pressure ulcer development, patient’s position every two hourly (49%), knowledge about the use of the risk assessment scale fore pressure ulcers was (37.2%), in order to give pressure ulcer prevention education to patient’s and caregivers(36%). Nurses overall knowledge was only (8.3%) have good knowledge, (11.1%) have fair knowledge and (80.6%) have poor knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention (82.6%) have poor practices, (7.1%) have fair practices and (10.3%) have good practices of pressure ulcer prevention. Nurse’s job experience has a significant association with their practices and knowledge toward pressure ulcer prevention. Nurses overall knowledge and practices toward pressure ulcer are poor. Working experience had a significant association with nurses Practices and knowledge at Lahore general hospital. So nurses need to get continuing education and training about pressure ulcer prevention that will enhance their knowledge and practices can be improved

Patient satisfaction is an integral part of the quality care in health care setting and also a very important factor to measure the quality nursing care. Satisfaction is a fundamental concept that depends upon various factors such as patients' past experience with the nursing care, their future expectation from nurses and social, ethical and moral values of the individuals. Hospital organization directly depends upon their patients; more patients were come when they were treat with the best quality of care. Now a day’s nurses are responsible for providing quality of care to patients but unfortunately they are not satisfied with their jobs due to following factors like: stress, workload, and unsafe working environment. This increases mortality and co morbidity rate and serious adverse events in the world. Quantitative descriptive correlational design was use in this study. The main aim of descriptive correlational study is to check the association between nurse’s job satisfaction and quality of care and factors which affecting on quality of care. Data analyzed by SPSS version 21.Sample size was 222 by convenience sample technique, 5 point scale likert scale questionnaire was used. Data collected by Register Nurses of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakistan. This study found that nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of care are positively correlated. 68.5% of participants believed the quality of care they provided was affected by employee job satisfaction. The finding of this study concluded that there was a positive correlation relationship between nurses’ job satisfaction and quality of care they deliver. This study also proves that work load, stress and unsafe work environment were main factors which effect on quality of care

The main purpose of current study was to assess the relationship between self-compassion and emotional intelligence among nurses. For the accomplishment of this purpose 153 registered nurses were selected as study participants from Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Lahore. Well-constructed questionnaires by Dr. Neff were distributed among staff nurses to collect data. Data analysis was done on SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis, correlation and regression tests were applied for the analysis of results. The results of study show positive relationship in both variables among nurses. Self-compassion as constant variable effects on dependent variable that shows emotional intelligence or emotional wellbeing of nurses can vary due to independent variable

Hand hygiene is a primary measure to reduce the infection in neonates and reduces the rate of morbidity and mortality rate. Contrary to this, negation of the hand hygiene compliance among health care workers increases the morbidity and mortality rates in newborn babies. The purpose of this study is to determine hand hygiene compliances among the nurses about caring newborn babies among the government hospitals of Pakistan. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 110 nurses of public hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan through convenient sampling technique. The results of the study show that nurses of public hospitals have low to moderate perception regarding the benefits of the hand washing. Similarly, the nurses of public hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan perceived difficult to extremely difficult to follow the protocols of washing hands. Therefore, public hospital’s management should emphasize on the education, skills development and training of the nurses regarding the hand washing protocols and make them accountable for the ignorance