Mucilage can be extracted from various plants and microorganisms. It is said to be a Polar glycoprotein and exo polysaccharide. In this article we compare different isolation techniques of mucilage and compare their characteristics such as their physical nature, solubility, chemical properties, Total Ash percentage, percentage yield etc. Isolation of mucilage techniques vary from one another with accordance to the presence of mucilage in different parts of a plant such as stem, leaves, fruit, seed etc. After detailed study of these different types of mucilage of various families we could identify that all types of mucilage had presence of carbohydrates in it and all gave positive results to Molisch tests and ruthenium red test. The pH range of all these types of mucilage was found to be in the range of 6.2-6.6.All the types of mucilage have a characteristic odor. All the types of mucilage extracted from the selected plants are edible and also can be utilized as a glue. By detailed study of these plants from various families we can conclude that there are similarities among them with regard to their mucilage and the mucilage extracted from each and every plant has a characteristic utility in pharmaceutical area as it can be used as thickening, binding, disintegrating, suspending, emulsifying, stabilizing and gelling agents. They have also been used as matrices for sustained and controlled release of drugs

The research entitled as “The perception of teachers for the creation of conducive environment in classroom at early childhood education” was conducted in the private schools of District “Swabi” (A very well-known education city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) with objectives to inquire various concepts of conducive classroom environment at ECE level and observe the perception of teachers about creating a conducive environment in class room at ECE level. Total number of ten (10) private schools, where Early Childhood Education (ECE) undergoes, were selected. From each school five (05) teachers concerned with ECE were interviewed. Thus total fifty (50) number of teachers were sampled. A very simple structured questionnaire was planned with questions about ECE. Each question was optioned as „Strongly Agree‟, „Agree‟, „Disagree‟, Strongly Disagree‟ and „don‟t know‟. From the research work, it is concluded that ECE is the first stage of education. At this level the child should be treated with love and kindness and will be facilitated appropriately to improve child‟s learning abilities and improve a child mentally socially and intellectually. Motivation and conducive environment in the class room could lead to better development and learning process. Play way method, use of A.V aids and group working could better improve the child learning abilities.

Safe administration of parenteral medication is very important for the quality care of patient and it is very important for the cure of disease and promoting client health. Every individual nurse should know about the importance of safe administration of parenteral medication and should have enough knowledge to perform safe practice. To assess the knowledge of nurses regarding safe administration of medication. A cross sectional descriptive study design was used in this research project for assessing the knowledge of nurses about safe administration of parenteral medication, the sample size was 200 nurses which are selected from Punjab institute of cardiology randomly and the data was collected from the participants through self-administered questionnaire. It is reveled from the study that 99.5% of the participants was female while only 0.5% are male, 47% of the participants were belong to age group 35-45 years of age and 56% of the nurses were strongly agree to the safe administration of parenteral medication. Study participants have enough knowledge regarding the safe administration of parenteral medicine

Lower literacy of female in Pakistan is because of countless constraints such as, socioeconomic and spiritual issues. Females are anticipated to depart the relations one date by becoming married; consequently teaching girls are believed a commercial defeat by the parents. Therefore, parents are extra probable to teach their sons only. But unfortunately female literacy rate is extremely low in Pakistan. Women contain a bigger portion of Pakistani society. The population of the female is extra than as difference for men. Female educational literacy rate is low. Girls possess to face countless barriers, socioeconomic (Parental Occupation, Sibling size, Relations income) and spiritual factor (Extremist attitude towards female education) for their studies and upcoming career. Power and supplementary powers concern and give attention on women's education. This discovers is basically targeting the factors that are the main barriers to women's education.

This paper centres on the appraisal of leadership styles in the public sector and its effect on productivity. The objective is to evaluate the leadership style practiced in the public sector and to ascertain whether or not it has significant role in the degree of efficiency or inefficiency in the sector. A study was conducted into the books of notable authors written on leadership and management and selected ideas are compiled in this paper report. Data used for analysis were collected through questionnaires and interview conducted. Analysis revealed that there is no one specific leadership style that is best for all situations and that the public sector is inefficient resulting in poor productivity. Finally, having discovered that leadership is an indispensable tool in any organization, the paper report therefore ended with recommendations pointing to the fact that leadership should employ any available leadership style that will be appropriate at any given instance and also motivate their subordinates in order to fulfill the goals of their organization.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted third molars in terms of frequency, angulation, level of eruption and available retromolar space. In this retrospective study, a total of 402 OPGs were finalized. Pattern of impacted third molars was evaluated using WINTERS classification for the angulation and PELL & GREGORY classification for the level of eruption and available retromolar space. Among all the OPGs reviewed, third molar impaction was more prevalent in mandible than in maxilla. The most common angular position was mesioangular in mandible and vertical in maxilla. The most common level of eruption was Position B i.e. the highest position of impacted third molar was located below the occlusal plane but above the cervical line of adjacent second molar. Majority of third molars were impacted at less than adequate space. The current study revealed that the most frequent pattern of impaction according to PELL & GREGORY classification was Class 2B followed by Class 1C.

Modifiable lifestyle breast cancer risk factors can be actively influence by women in order to reduce or increase their breast cancer risk, which strongly depend on individual’s knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness towards the association between breast cancer and life style modifications in Northern Saudi Arabia. This is a cross sectional survey included 559 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Knowledge and awareness towards modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk was evaluated using different variables during interview. Out of 559 study subjects only 14.5% were found to know that there are some dietary types, which can reduces the risk of breast cancer and the remaining 85.5% ignore that. About 37.4% indicated that they knew body weight is a risk factor for breast cancer. The level of knowledge and awareness toward breast cancer and lifestyle related risk factors are very poor in Northern Saudi Arabia

Successful management of furcation involved (FI) teeth is still a challenge for clinicians. Multirooted teeth are at higher risk of periodontal destruction and early tooth loss due to their complex anatomy and posterior location in the arch. Maintenance of oral hygiene around furcation involved regions is difficult, resulting in early, rapid and severe periodontal destruction. The outcomes of conservative and regenerative therapies are unpredictable in such teeth. Resective periodontal therapy in combination with endodontic and prosthetic treatments, offers a more practical and predictable approach in management of such advanced FI teeth. This multidisciplinary approach not only treats and preserves the tooth along with its periodontium in part, but also restores its function as a whole. This case series presents bicuspidization, hemisection and root resection as resective periodontal therapy in the predictable and successful management of advanced grade II, grade III and grade IV FI teeth.

Abstract: In India where a rape is reported every 21 minutes, even the most horrific of them soon get forgotten while the victim’s memory is embedded with it forever. Violence against women is deeply entrenched in the feudal, patriarchal Indian society, where for the rapist, every woman is a fair game to play with and to safeguard their interests, and lawyers are playing a loyal role. This article makes an attempt to grasp the perspective of the lawyers both male and female regarding the rape law amendments that have taken place so far. It seeks to understand what changes the legal professionals think to be correct and what is incorrect with the system of judiciary. Also several specific rape cases have been involved including both popular and the forgotten rape cases to get an idea as to how far the criminal lawyers as a part of the legal system and handle rape cases very often, keep themselves updated with the happenings around the country. So much so has changed in the Indian law books to safeguard the interest of the women at home and outside the warmth of residence. But in implementation, has anything changed from Mathura rape case to Nirbhaya and beyond? This is the answer that this paper seeks to get from the side of the legal professionals as to grasp if they realize the loopholes of the criminal justice system or are they under the ignorant dilemma that aw is the ultimate tool a woman has to take up to get true justice.

Perpetual preservation of what is remaining is more important than meticulous reconstruction of what is lost. Preservation and restoration of badly carious or broken tooth possess problems due insufficient remaining tooth support supragingivally and it demands skills and knowledge on different aspects of dentistry. Clinical crown lengthening procedure aim to increase supragingival tooth structure to help in restoration of such teeth. Present report describes preservation of broken tooth with surgical crown lengthening and post core restoration.

Abstract: The instructional value of rubrics for promoting student learning and aiding teacher feedback to student performance has been studied extensively. This paper investigates the effects of rubrics in the ESL context; specially speaking and writing task assessment. Forty eight students attending an English Language undergraduate program at BAU, Mymensingh grouped into two as controlled group and experimental group participated in this study. Students’ performance at pre-test was compared with that of the post-test (with prior knowledge of rubrics only for experimental group). Statistical analysis paired sample t-test was used to compare the performance of the students on the use of rubrics at their posttest. Results showed that the rubric was perceived as useful for fostering the students’ speaking and writing development by guiding them through the stages of goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring and self-reflection. The paper also reports a significant impact of the rubrics use on students’ self-assessment.

This study aimed to evaluate the polymerization depths of two different bulk-fill posterior composite resins and a conventional posterior composite resin with the microhardness test and there with the in vitro cytotoxicity test. For the microhardness test, 10 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. Microhardness values were measured from the top and bottom surfaces of each sample using the Vicker's microhardness test. For the cytotoxicity test, 12 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. The extraction fluids of samples were obtained by incubating them at 37°C in RPMI 1640 medium for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay following incubation. The microhardness values of the top and bottom surfaces of composite resins were aligned as follows: Filtek Z550 Composite Resin > Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin > Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin. The microhardness ratio of Filtek Z550 Composite Resin was found to be significantly higher than those of other composite resins when the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios were compared. The difference between the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin and the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin was not statistically significant. However, all composite resins provided the recommended polymerization depth (≥80%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the cytotoxicity values of the composite resins after 24- and 48-h incubation. However, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with the other groups after 72-h incubation. In addition, the cytotoxicity value obtained after 72-h incubation of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin was significantly higher than the cytotoxicity values obtained after 24- and 48-h incubation. Although adequate polymerization depth was obtained in all study groups, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin had significantly reduced cell viability after 72-h incubation.

Abstract: This study aims to describe clearly about the influence place, people, promotion and physical evidence on the decision of the visit to the Maritime Museum. The population in this study is that visitor who are in Maritime Museum. The sampling reached is 100 respondents. The research analysis performed by using SPSS (by applying method multiple linier regression analysis) IBM program version 21 statistical applications for data processing. The result of this research are: 1) Place significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 2) People significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 3) Promotion significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 4) Physical Evidence influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 5) People, Place, Promotion and Physical Evidence are simultaneously significant and influence the decision of visit to the Maritime Museum jointly.

Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumor-like reactive lesion occurring exclusively on gingiva/alveolar crest. It is also known as giant cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative granuloma or giant cell hyperplasia. Clinically, it appear as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma and many other peripheral lesions seen in the oral cavity, thereby histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. This article reports a peripheral giant cell granuloma arising at mandibular anterior region in a 50 years old male patient. The biopsy specimen revealed features consistent with PGCG.

Abstract: Our country which is located in the temperate climate zone is rich in terms of plant genetic resources due to its different ecological and topographical characteristics. Our country has about 12 thousand plant taxa in its flora. Among these plant taxa medicinal and aromatic plants have an important place. Salvia species, which are in the Lamiaceae family that contains medicinal aromatic plants are used for food, tea, cosmetics and perfumery industry and medical purposes among the public. This genus contains 900 species worldwide. In Turkey flora, its 95 species, including 51 endemic ones spread naturally. Tokat province, which is located in the Central Black Sea District Region showing the transitional characteristics between Black Sea region climate and Central Anatolia climate, is rich in plant diversity. Tokat is also rich in terms of Salvia species. It is estimated that there are about 15 Salvia species throughout the province. In this review, information about Salvia species and their biological activities which are distributed naturally in Tokat province are provided.