Lameness & mastitis are recognized as one of the most important disease affecting the broiler chicken and dairy cattle respectively. The study was performed to observe the biochemical characters and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causing lameness in broiler chickens and mastitis in cows. Characters of the isolates were determined by biochemical tests such as mannitol fermentation, catalase, coagulase test. To investigate the antibiogram profiling, frequently used antibiotic discs were tested. From this study, it was observed that at least 84% isolates of S. aureus from lame broiler chicken and mastitic cow’s milk sample showed positive result in mannitol fermentation test, catalase and coagulase test respectively. But all isolates showed negative result in oxidase and motility test. Interestingly all the bacterial isolates from both broiler and milk sample showed different antibiogram profiling. Antibiotic susceptibility testing suggested that approximately more than 45-65% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and about 25% resistant to amoxicillin in all isolates. The study reveals that more than 32% isolates were susceptible to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 35% chicken isolates were vancomycin resistant. Maximum resistance was observed against azithromycin (68%) of mastitic cow isolates. The present study also showed that S. aureus was most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (86-100%). Based on results of this study we conclude that drug resistance of S. aureus may vary with the antibiotics being used and with different population.

Training of nursing student is very important for the professional development and quality of care. The purpose of this study is to assess the gap between theory and training classes in nursing education system at The University of Lahore, Pakistan. 150 nursing student were the subject of this study. Study consist of three objectives first objective was to assess the nature of learning ,theory ,training of nursing student’s second objective was to assess the gap between theory & training classes third objective of the study was to assess the causes of gap between theory and training classes The quantitative and descriptive design is used in this study. The questionnaire consists of two sections i.e. demographic information section and the other section consists of questions regarding nature of learning, theory and training gap and its causes of the nursing students in education system .The result of this study shows that there is gap between theory and training classes among the students .The university focuses on the learning of the students but they lack the confidence similarly, there is weak bonding between students and teacher, communication between students and teacher and less trained clinical instructor as the main cause of gaps between theory and practice gap in the nursing department .The study conclude that student’s theoretical knowledge is better than the training performance. The faculty at the clinical setting is not up to the standard that can decrease the theory and practice gap and enhance the nursing student’s performance

Giardia is a common protozoan parasite infecting children in developing countries and is known to result protein loss in infected children. The objective of this study was to assess the association of plasma protein profile with Giardiasis among children in district Anantnag of Kashmir valley. The study included 268 children aged 5-15 years belonging to both the genders. Stool samples collected from children were screened for Giardia infection and blood samples were analysed to estimate plasma protein, albumin and globulin levels. The results showed a significant decrease in mean values of total protein between infected and uninfected children from 6.71±0.96 to 7.01±0.98. The mean values of albumin also showed a decrease in their values between infected and uninfected children from 3.7±0.45 to 4.21±0.51 and that of globulin showed an increase in mean values from 3.01±0.91 to 2.8±0.58 between infected and uninfected children. However the difference was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05).

Biodegradable gemifloxacin microparticles were prepared to eradicate the resistant type pneumonia. For preparation of microparticles different techniques (solvent evaporation, solvent-evaporation crosslinking, double emulsion and spray drying) were used and compared. The process of spray drying using poly(d,l-lactic co-glycolic)acid was choosen considering the particle size and percentage yield. The critical processes as well as product related parameters were identified by Quality by Design approach. Optimization of formulation was performed by Taguchi design using particle size, percentage yield and percentage encapsulation efficiency as dependent variable while drug to polymer ratio, aspirator rate, inlet temperature and flow rate as independent variable. Optimized formulation was evaluated for particle size, percentage yield, percentage entrapment efficiency, in-vitro diffusion study and aerodynamic behavior. Taguchi design suggest that the batch containing drug to polymer (2:1), aspirator rate(50), inlet temperature (65°C) and flow rate (10ml/min) gives highest encapsulation efficiency (84%) and lowest particle size (2.75µm). The DSC and FTIR study revealed that there was no significant interaction between drug and polymer. The result of diffusion study revealed that the optimized batch was released at a controlled rate. Overall, the proposed formulation can be explored for inhalation route by the patient to achieve better targeting in deeper parts of lungs

Abstract: Significant challenges for pharmaceutical scientists still exist despite numerous technological advancements in the field, and the efficient ocular drug delivery remains elusive. Exclusive and exquisite barrier characteristics, unique physiology make the ocular milieu impervious to xenobiotics. Precorneal residence, mucoadhesion and transmembrane permeation needs to be improved using topical non-invasive strategies across ocular surface show promise for the intraocular delivery. Viable advantages such as higher drug loading, tailored drug release, bio-compatibility and mucoadhesive properties can improve delivery of lipophilic drug using colloidal nanoparticulate frameworks. Lipid based systems comprise solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Nanoparticles are better internalized in ocular epithelial tissues by endocytosis/transcytosis mechanisms and diffuse rapidly owing to their nano size. Penetration and retention characteristics of ocular small molecule therapeutics can be dramatically improved by the surface functionalization of lipid nanoparticles. This review summarizes scientific results such as articles and patents that involve the potential application of lipid nanoparticles as platform for the ocular drug delivery.

The support of an electronic health record (EHR) is directed under current health care regulation improvement. The EHR provides information that is patient focused and advances patient safety. There are limited data; nevertheless, regarding the perception of nurses headed for the use of the EHR. The purpose of this project was to identify nurses’ perception for the use of the EHR. Design: Quantitative descriptive survey was used to determine perception for the electronic health record. Nurses in a health care system completed an online survey to determine their perception toward the EHR in providing patient care. Generally, participants felt the EHR was beneficial, did not add to the load, enhanced documentation, and would not eradicate any nursing jobs. Nursing recognition and the use of the EHR are compulsory for the successful addition of an EHR and to provision the aim of patient-centered care. Identification of perception and potential obstacles nurses in using the EHR will improve patient protection, communication, decrease costs, and allow those who implement an EHR

Abstract: Soft skill analysis is held on students of SMK N 13 West Jakarta in 2017 followed by 20 student representatives. Soft skills are a person's skill in dealing with others (interpersonal skills) and intra-personal skills that are capable of developing maximum performance. The purpose of this soft skill workshop is to analyze the different test of soft skills understanding before and after the soft skill workshop implementation on the students of SMK N 13 Jakarta. Quantitative descriptive analysis method, with different test analysis tool (T-test). The result of research or Community Service (PPM) of Mercu Buana University is that there is a real difference of soft skill understanding for students of SMK N 13 Jakarta between their understanding of soft skill before and after the soft skill workshop is held.

Employing standard precautions means taking precautions with everybody. If precautions are taken with everyone, health care workers do not have to make assumptions about people's lifestyles and risk of infection. Health care workers should have the right to protect themselves against infection, whether it is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis or anything else. And clients have also the right to get safe service. The main objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of Nurses on Standard precautions. The quantitative cross-sectional study design was used with random sampling (n=150) from Mayo Hospital. Using the self-administered questioner, data was analyzed SPSS 21 version and application of chi-square test with (p=<0.05). Current study showed that participant always wash hands immediately after removing gloves were 92 %( n=139) agree, nurses should take self-protective measure, 75.3% (n=114) participants were agree. Participant who don’t always wash hands after removing protective gloves were (n=99)92.0% participants were agree. AIDS presents a serious occupational hazard to health care work 94% (n=144) Participants were agree. There was no significant association found in qualification and knowledge of nurses regarding recapping of infected needle, by recapping infected needle risk of AIDS is decrease .The qualification of participants did effect on the recapping of infected needle p=0.083 with chi-square value a which is >.05.Significant association in qualification and transmission of disease by infected needle. Every nurse should have a knowledge attitude and practice of standard precaution. There is a need to improve the knowledge and provide training especially universal precautions transmission of disease

Abstract: This article provides a descriptive account of the morphosemantics of verb extension in C’lela. It examines the forms, and the semantic functions of the various verbal extensions in the language. The article looks at the simple concatenative and non-concatenative morphological operations that relate to core arguments in verb extension in C’lela. The study discovers that while most Niger-Congo / Bantu languages use affixation in verb extension processes; C’lela often employs a non-concatenative system to achieve similar processes. The present analysis contributes to the studies on verb extension in Niger-Congo languages.

Catechin and quercetin are the major bioactive phenolic compound of Acacia catechu, was estimated and validated by RP- HPLC in khadirarista. The analytical method validation was carried out according to ICH method validation guidelines. The development was carried out in Lichrosper 100 C-18(250*4.6*5) column and gradient elution. The determining wavelength was confirmed as 280nm and 360nm for catechin and quercetin. The detection and quantification limits of catechin were 0.57mcg/ml & 1.74mcg/ml and for quercetin 0.52mcg/ml & 1.51mcg/ml respectively. The developed HPLC method is very accurate, precise and cost effective and it can be successfully applied to the assay of marketed formulation

Increasing interest for availability of tangible, novel, added value and sustainable commercial exploitable of nature therapeutic compounds including those derived from marine sources have enriched a long history of research into Acanthaster planci Crown-of-thorns (COT) starfish biology, ecology, and the causes of their outbreaks. These are important aspects for a sustainable commercial optimization and exploitation of Acanthaster planci COT especially for health related agendas or therapeutic application. This manuscript thus seeks to outline present and future research strategy and works pertinent to Acanthaster planci COT locally and global focused on evidence-based optimised sustainable exploitation as well as refining management actions to improve the performance of control programs. Among deuterostomes, the regenerative potential is maximally expressed in echinoderms such as the Acanthaster planci COT; these animals can quickly replace most injured organs. In tandem to that, views for further gene related molecular characterization and chemical analysis of potential cell mediated protein from these marine invertebrates that have potential in medical and pharmaceutical therapeutics will be highlighted.

This paper sets out the reasons why the role of international law is important in different aspects, and goes on to explain certain elements regarding chaos in international law, conflicts, human rights, terrorism and global environment. It will also introduce the United Nations system with a focus on the opinion of the most highly publicists in international law. As international law seeks to displace chaos, its objective nature and binding force imposes by a higher authority, create stability and certainty in social relations and impose order where such relations are in danger of breaking down. The implication is that many of the topics that receive the most attention in international law – the laws of war, territorial limits, arms agreements, and so on – are unlikely to be affected by international law. On the other hand, issues such as international economic matters, environmental issues, and so on, can more easily be affected by international law. This suggests that the international law should focus greater attention on the latter subjects and less on the former.

Dental caries is a complex disease affecting the teeth, which is mainly caused by imbalance between demineralization and remineralization process around the tooth surface. It is a major cause of tooth loss and pain around the world. Today it is one of the most common diseases of world which if left untreated lead to infection, pain and tooth loss. Therefore there is need for early assessment of dental caries to lower its prevalence and to assess efficiency in the provision of preventive and therapeutic dental services, to know the selective use of dental caries preventives and targeting of services toward persons at greatest risk. For early assessment of dental caries, indices can be used to know its prevalence and the population which is at higher risk. There are some limitations in the previously developed dental caries index regarding the quantification and severity of diseases. To solve these problems later new indices are developed like ICDAS, PUFA, CAST index. Dental caries index helpful in detection of oral diseases on large scale in field survey. Provide data regarding prevalence of a particular condition occurring within a given population and use of this data for the implementation of the dental caries prevention program.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of reliability and life data analysis in manufacturing facility which allows the maintenance and reliability professionals to analyse the equipment breakdown pattern and help decide the appropriate maintenance strategy. This study is conducted in one of the manufacturing plants based in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. They experienced production loss and high maintenance cost due to pump failure. The existing maintenance strategy is preventive maintenance (time based maintenance) and the plant experienced failure even after performing the routine maintenance activities. The challenge here is to investigate why the components of pump are failing after performing maintenance activities and to find the reason for high maintenance cost. A set of critical pumps are identified which have failed multiple times during past six years from the list of many operational pumps. The identification of pumps is completed with the help of existing asset criticality ranking system and the time to failure data is collected from the past six years to perform the reliability and life data analysis. The analysis started by determining the failure modes of each pump .The highest number of failures are attributed to the failure of pump seals, bearings, and impellers. The Weibull analysis helps to determine the reliability and its parameters (beta and eta). The shape parameter beta is represents the failure rate behaviour i.e. if beta is < 1, failure rate decreases with time, if beta is equal to 1, failure rate is constant, and it beta is > 1, failure rate increase with time and the eta is the scale parameter. After performing the reliability and life data analysis on the component of a pumps, it’s found that the pump components have different failure pattern i.e. seals and bearing are having infant mortality or early failure whereas impeller is having random failure. Based on this outcome of reliability & life data analysis, recommended maintenance task for seals and bearing is predictive maintenance techniques such as maintenance procedure enhancement, developing the knowledge and skill set of maintenance crew etc. and for impeller is run to failure. The reason for high maintenance cost is due to the fact the unplanned maintenance cost is usually 30% higher than the planned maintenance cost and also the maintenance crew was preforming time based actions on random failure mode which is not adding any value but increases the maintenance cost.

Oral Verrucous Carcinoma is a premalignant lesion which has a potential to transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma. It is also called as Ackerman’s tumor, Buschke Loewenstein tumor, florid oral papillomatosis, epithelioma cuniculatum, and carcinoma cuniculatum. The commonest site is oral cavity followed by pharynx. It is difficult to differentiate the lesion from verrucous leukoplakia and verrucous hyperplasia. In this case report we are reporting such a case of verrucous carcinoma which is involving the lower lip.