REVIEW ARTICLE | Feb. 28, 2018
Barriers to Educational Opportunity for Female in Pakistan
Ali Sohail, Babar Nawaz Abbasi, Ayesha Zahid Qureshi, Hifza Abbasi
Page no 51-53 |
10.36348/jaep
Lower literacy of female in Pakistan is because of countless constraints
such as, socioeconomic and spiritual issues. Females are anticipated to depart the
relations one date by becoming married; consequently teaching girls are believed a
commercial defeat by the parents. Therefore, parents are extra probable to teach their
sons only. But unfortunately female literacy rate is extremely low in Pakistan.
Women contain a bigger portion of Pakistani society. The population of the female is
extra than as difference for men. Female educational literacy rate is low. Girls
possess to face countless barriers, socioeconomic (Parental Occupation, Sibling size,
Relations income) and spiritual factor (Extremist attitude towards female education)
for their studies and upcoming career. Power and supplementary powers concern and
give attention on women's education. This discovers is basically targeting the factors
that are the main barriers to women's education.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Feb. 28, 2018
Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Batcaver Sulfate, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir Sodium in Pharmaceutical Dosage forms by RP-HPLC
Gorja Ashok, Sumanta Mondal
Page no 289-296 |
10.36348/sjmps.2018.v04i02.018
A simple, rapid, specific, stability indicating method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Abacavir sulfate, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir sodium in pharmaceutical dosage form using RP-HPLC. The chromatographic separation was done using BDS column of dimensions 250mm x 4.6mm, 5m particle size with mobile phase consisting of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio 45:55%v/v run on an isocratic mode of flow rate 1.0ml/min. The column oven temperature was maintained at 30ºC. The detection was done at a wavelength of 240nm. The developed method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines, evaluating accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, LOD, LOQ, stability parameters and found to be within the limits. The method obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 150mg/ml – 900mg/ml for Abacavir, 75mg/ml – 450mg/ml for Lamivudine and 12.5mg/ml – 75mg/ml for Dolutegravir with correlation coefficients of 0.9999, 0.9996 and 0.9999 for the three drugs respectively. Forced degradation studies were conducted by exposing the standard drug solution to the various stressed conditions such as acidic, basic, oxidative, thermal, neutral and photolytic conditions. The net degradation for the drugs was found to be within the limits
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Feb. 28, 2018
Energy Shortages and Impact on Overall Equipment Effectiveness in Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
Hachimenum Nyebuchi Amadi
Page no 79-87 |
10.21276/sjeat.2018.3.2.4
Energy availability is a vital factor for the survival and optimal
performance of industries worldwide. Energy deficit poses a serious threat to the
optimal performance of industrial processes, industrial growth and economic
development of any nation. Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources from
which energy could be freely harnessed to meet the nation’s ever spiralling energy
needs. Owing to various reasons some of which are pin-pointed here, however,
Nigeria continues to suffer acute shortage of energy to power the manufacturing
sector therefore hindering her industrial and economic development. The study seeks
to investigate the impact of energy deficit on the overall equipment effectiveness
(OEE) of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria as well as suggest ways of using
OEE to maximise energy and improve productivity. Data extracted from the sampled
firms were used in the computation of the Availability (A), Performance (P), Product
Quality (Q) and the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) applicable to each firm.
The findings show that Nigeria must adopt vigorous steps to explore and exploit its
abundant energy resources in other to achieve her dream of becoming an industrial
giant in the nearest future.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (MATERIALS ENGINEERING) | Feb. 28, 2018
Production and Characterization of Cu-SiC Composites for Electrical Contact Materials
Acikbas Gokhan, Karadag Mecit
Page no 213-221 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i02.012
Abstract: In this study, the effect of SiC reinforcement on the electrical, mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of copper matrix composite contact material was investigated. The composite materials were produced by using the powder metallurgy method. The unalloyed copper and SiC powder mixtures were shaped by using a uniaxial press after mixing for 10 minutes at 300 rpm. The shaped specimens were heat treated in graphite powder bad in a capped steel chamber and sintered at 800° C for 2 hours. Electrical conductivity, hardness, density measurements, microstructure analyzes and mineralogical analyzes of the samples were performed after sintering. The structure-property relationships of the produced monolithic and composite copper contact materials are discussed. It was determined that the value of electrical conductivity decreased with increasing amount of SiC phase, and hardness value increased compared to pure copper. Cu-SiC composites revealed better mechanical properties than monolithic copper contact materials.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Feb. 28, 2018
Evaluation of Three Different Posterior Composite Materials in Terms of Microhardness and Cytotoxicity
Elmas Tüfek Atıcı, Buket Ayna, Nizami Duran, Ersin Uysal
Page no 27-35 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.2.3
This study aimed to evaluate the polymerization depths of two different
bulk-fill posterior composite resins and a conventional posterior composite resin with
the microhardness test and there with the in vitro cytotoxicity test. For the
microhardness test, 10 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds.
Microhardness values were measured from the top and bottom surfaces of each
sample using the Vicker's microhardness test. For the cytotoxicity test, 12 samples
were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. The extraction fluids of samples
were obtained by incubating them at 37°C in RPMI 1640 medium for 24, 48, and 72
h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay following incubation. The
microhardness values of the top and bottom surfaces of composite resins were
aligned as follows: Filtek Z550 Composite Resin > Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior
Composite Resin > Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin. The microhardness
ratio of Filtek Z550 Composite Resin was found to be significantly higher than those
of other composite resins when the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios
were compared. The difference between the bottom surface–top surface
microhardness ratios of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin and the Tetric
N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin was not statistically significant. However, all
composite resins provided the recommended polymerization depth (≥80%). No
statistically significant difference was observed between the cytotoxicity values of
the composite resins after 24- and 48-h incubation. However, the Filtek Bulk-Fill
Posterior Composite Resin showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with
the other groups after 72-h incubation. In addition, the cytotoxicity value obtained
after 72-h incubation of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin was
significantly higher than the cytotoxicity values obtained after 24- and 48-h
incubation. Although adequate polymerization depth was obtained in all study
groups, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin had significantly reduced cell
viability after 72-h incubation.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (LANGUAGES) | Feb. 28, 2018
Effects of Rubrics in ESL (speaking and writing) Assessment: A Case Study
M. Shajedul Arifeen
Page no 179-185 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i02.007
Abstract: The instructional value of rubrics for promoting student learning and aiding teacher feedback to student performance has been studied extensively. This paper investigates the effects of rubrics in the ESL context; specially speaking and writing task assessment. Forty eight students attending an English Language undergraduate program at BAU, Mymensingh grouped into two as controlled group and experimental group participated in this study. Students’ performance at pre-test was compared with that of the post-test (with prior knowledge of rubrics only for experimental group). Statistical analysis paired sample t-test was used to compare the performance of the students on the use of rubrics at their posttest. Results showed that the rubric was perceived as useful for fostering the students’ speaking and writing development by guiding them through the stages of goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring and self-reflection. The paper also reports a significant impact of the rubrics use on students’ self-assessment.
CASE REPORT | Feb. 28, 2018
Occlusal Splint with Z–Spring: A New Appliance to Correct Anterior Cross Bite
Dr. Ramkishore Ratre, Dr. Sandhya Jain, Dr. Madhu Singh Ratre, Dr. Chandni Bharti
Page no 36-39 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.2.4
A newer treatment modality for correction of anterior cross bite with use
of acrylic occlusal splint with Z spring has been used, which is easy to fabricate, easy
to use and require least patient cooperation. This article describes two cases treated
with this appliance in mixed dentition and duration of the treatment noted in these
patients.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (ENGINEERING) | Feb. 28, 2018
Requirement of Python Programming Language for Reinforcement Learning (RL)
Varun Geetha Mohan, Mohamed Ariff Ameedeen
Page no 203-207 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i02.010
Abstract: In this article we discussed on why Python require in Reinforcement Learning(RL). Python languages have a unique ecosystem, cultures and have their own philosophies. Python codes are available as open sources and Python community involvement with local, national and international events and it is helpful for new developers. Python have its wide array of open source code libraries, package management and ability to work well on platforms other than Windows OS. Finally, Python is great for deployment automation and web development and many non-developers are first introduced to the language and ecosystem while getting data analysis work done.
CASE REPORT | Feb. 28, 2018
Conservative Treatment Approach for Management of Fractured Maxillary Canine with Surgical Crown Lengthening and Post Core Restoration
Dr. Amit Patel, Dr. Ravi Popat, Dr. Abhishek Singh
Page no 46-50 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.2.6
Perpetual preservation of what is remaining is more important than
meticulous reconstruction of what is lost. Preservation and restoration of badly
carious or broken tooth possess problems due insufficient remaining tooth support
supragingivally and it demands skills and knowledge on different aspects of
dentistry. Clinical crown lengthening procedure aim to increase supragingival tooth
structure to help in restoration of such teeth. Present report describes preservation of
broken tooth with surgical crown lengthening and post core restoration.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (AGRICULTURE) | Feb. 28, 2018
Coastal Sediments Polluted by Petroleum Hydrocarbons (C10-C40): A Review on Its impacts on the Coastal Ecosystems of Mauritius
Gireshsingh Mungla, Sunita Facknath, Bhanooduth Lalljee
Page no 186-190 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i02.008
Abstract: Contamination due to petroleum hydrocarbons may result from many sources. In Mauritius, coastal sediment pollution results mostly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial activities and the sea activities, mainly at the harbour. While some authors affirmed that sea activities polluted the coastal sediments, and the concentration of pollutants was found to be higher in the harbour, likewise, an investigation was set to quantify the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), ranging from C10 to C40, in the neighbouring coasts from the Mauritius harbour at Port-Louis and to determine its effect on the coastal ecosystems. Three coastal sites were selected, namely, Tombeau Bay (C-BDT), Pointe aux Sables (C-PAS) and Mer Rouge (C-MER). Results showed that the most polluted the coastal sediments was Pointe aux Sables (451 mg/kg) followed by Tombeau Bay and Mer Rouge (less than 66 mg/kg) both. Despite that the chemical properties of the sediments analysed were favourable for microbial biodiversity, results showed that there was a much richer microbial biodiversity in less contaminated sediments while greater microbial activity (respiration rate) in the contaminated environment, C-PAS. Given that the toxicity of TPH in soil was established at range greater than 1000 mg/kg, it was noted that despite the C-PAS site was the most polluted, it did not reach the permissible limit. However, due to the urbanisation and intensive use of the sea for ship activities, the concentration of the level of pollution due to TPH is expected to increase in the forthcoming years.
CASE REPORT | Feb. 28, 2018
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: An Unusual Case Report with Review of Literature
Dr. Mohd. Kamran Farooqui, Dr. K. Rahul Kumar, Dr. Ashish Kailashsingh Rajput, Dr. Prashant Soni, Dr. Alok Kumar
Page no 24-26 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.2.2
Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is a non-neoplastic, tumor-like
reactive lesion occurring exclusively on gingiva/alveolar crest. It is also known as
giant cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative granuloma or giant cell
hyperplasia. Clinically, it appear as pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying
fibroma and many other peripheral lesions seen in the oral cavity, thereby
histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis of this lesion. This article reports a
peripheral giant cell granuloma arising at mandibular anterior region in a 50 years old
male patient. The biopsy specimen revealed features consistent with PGCG.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (LAW) | Feb. 28, 2018
A Conceptual Analysis of the Discipline of Lawyers in Nigeria: Key to the Development of the Profession
Lilian E. Effiong, Emmanuel Olowononi Esq, Akin O. Oluwadayisi, Omoniyi Bukola Akinola
Page no 191-202 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i02.009
Abstract: The legal profession is a noble profession. It is highly regulated, as such, there are several mechanisms put in place to ensure discipline in the legal profession. There are several bodies created by the Legal Practitioners Act to ensure discipline in the profession. This paper analyzes the various regulations and disciplinary mechanisms of legal practitioners in Nigeria. This includes, the various regulatory bodies, the conducts that attracts discipline, the disciplinary procedure and the various sanctions that can be imposed upon liability and draw a conclusion that discipline in the legal profession is disjointed and inadequate, aside the inefficiency created because of the overlapping roles of the regulatory bodies. The paper concludes that the present disciplinary mechanisms need overhauling.
CASE REPORT | Feb. 28, 2018
Resective Periodontal Therapy in the Management of Advanced Furcation Involvement - A Case Series
Dr. Madhu S. Ratre, Dr. Shaleeen Khetarpal, Dr. Ajay Chouksey, Dr. Pratik Chaudhari
Page no 17-23 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.2.1
Successful management of furcation involved (FI) teeth is still a challenge
for clinicians. Multirooted teeth are at higher risk of periodontal destruction and early
tooth loss due to their complex anatomy and posterior location in the arch.
Maintenance of oral hygiene around furcation involved regions is difficult, resulting
in early, rapid and severe periodontal destruction. The outcomes of conservative and
regenerative therapies are unpredictable in such teeth. Resective periodontal therapy
in combination with endodontic and prosthetic treatments, offers a more practical and
predictable approach in management of such advanced FI teeth. This
multidisciplinary approach not only treats and preserves the tooth along with its
periodontium in part, but also restores its function as a whole. This case series
presents bicuspidization, hemisection and root resection as resective periodontal
therapy in the predictable and successful management of advanced grade II, grade III
and grade IV FI teeth.
RESEARCH ARTICLE (SOCIOLOGY) | Feb. 28, 2018
Victim Today and Tomorrow- The Lawyers’ Perception
Moumita Bhattacharjee
Page no 164-168 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i02.005
Abstract: In India where a rape is reported every 21 minutes, even the most horrific of them soon get forgotten while the victim’s memory is embedded with it forever. Violence against women is deeply entrenched in the feudal, patriarchal Indian society, where for the rapist, every woman is a fair game to play with and to safeguard their interests, and lawyers are playing a loyal role. This article makes an attempt to grasp the perspective of the lawyers both male and female regarding the rape law amendments that have taken place so far. It seeks to understand what changes the legal professionals think to be correct and what is incorrect with the system of judiciary. Also several specific rape cases have been involved including both popular and the forgotten rape cases to get an idea as to how far the criminal lawyers as a part of the legal system and handle rape cases very often, keep themselves updated with the happenings around the country. So much so has changed in the Indian law books to safeguard the interest of the women at home and outside the warmth of residence. But in implementation, has anything changed from Mathura rape case to Nirbhaya and beyond? This is the answer that this paper seeks to get from the side of the legal professionals as to grasp if they realize the loopholes of the criminal justice system or are they under the ignorant dilemma that aw is the ultimate tool a woman has to take up to get true justice.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Feb. 28, 2018
Panoramic Radiography in Evaluating the Pattern of Impacted Third Molars
Priyanka Mahajan, Rajwinder Kaur Malhi, Karanprakash Singh, Chitra Anandani, Saurab Bither, Amritpal Singh
Page no 40-45 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.2.5
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of impacted third
molars in terms of frequency, angulation, level of eruption and available retromolar
space. In this retrospective study, a total of 402 OPGs were finalized. Pattern of
impacted third molars was evaluated using WINTERS classification for the
angulation and PELL & GREGORY classification for the level of eruption and
available retromolar space. Among all the OPGs reviewed, third molar impaction
was more prevalent in mandible than in maxilla. The most common angular position
was mesioangular in mandible and vertical in maxilla. The most common level of
eruption was Position B i.e. the highest position of impacted third molar was located
below the occlusal plane but above the cervical line of adjacent second molar.
Majority of third molars were impacted at less than adequate space. The current
study revealed that the most frequent pattern of impaction according to PELL &
GREGORY classification was Class 2B followed by Class 1C.