Abstract: A novel, sensitive, specific and reliable gradient HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method has been developed and validated for the identification and quantification of acids namely, Glyoxalic acid, Glycolic acid, Formic acid, Acetic acid, Diglycolic acid, Chloro acetic acid, Dichloro acetic acid and Trichloro acetic acid. A novel, suitable, rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed using HPLC technique for the above acids quantification and identification. The chromatographic separation of the acids were achieved on Atlantis T3 (250*4.6) mm, 5.0 µ column using 0.15 % TFA (Tri Fluoro Acetic acid) in water (v/v): Solvent mixture (98.5:1.5 v/v) as a mobile phase-A and Acetonitrile: Methanol (90:10%v/v). The solvent mixture was prepared by mixing the acetonitrile and methanol solvents in the ratio of 90:10 volumes. The HPLC method was validated with respect to limit of detection, limit of quantitation, specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision.

Elections are part of the implementation of democratic principles whereby the people can elect a state leader or his representatives who make a policy based on the will of the people outlined by the head of state or the people's representatives. The nature of elections is a means of democracy that primarily serves a state government by, from, and for the people. In other words, it embodies the sovereignty in the hands of the people within the framework of a democratic constitutional state. Democracy in Indonesia is a constitutional norm. For democracy to be able to rotate by the axis of the constitution, then democracy must be maintained. The problem that will be the focus of attention of this paper is the axiom of the presidential threshold system after the Constitutional Court's decision to bring the system of government in Indonesia. The political legality of the presidential threshold system is not inconsistent with the constitution in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to know the direction of the legislative and presidential election system in 2009 and 2014 in the decision of the Constitutional Court and the political implications of the Constitutional Court decision on the legislative and presidential election system in 2009 and 2014. This research method will examine the subject matter through a case approach. It examines the ratios in the decisions of the Constitutional Court which are the object of research and the approach of legislation. The abolition of presidential threshold provides significant benefits in Indonesia's democratic system. This policy can be a restoration of constitutional rights that were previously hurt by the remedy of constitutional rights. Many advantages will be obtained especially from small parties to carry the presidential candidate. Also, the president's choice is also more diverse. Presidential threshold will make it easier for the president to carry out government duties, due to the absence of other dominant party interventions in parliament.

Abstract: Computational methods are used to predict the most favorable site of furano sesquiterpenoids (FNTP) towards attack by a water molecule. The energetic of the various complexes are presented as well as their geometries, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) reactivity descriptors such as; Molecular electrostatic potential, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Mulliken Electrostatic Charges, Fukui functions HOMO-LUMO gaps data and interactions energies between FNTPs and water acting as simultaneous proton donor and acceptor, predict the reactivity of different basic sites in the following decreasing sequence: CO17> CO14> O19>O13 for FNTP-1 and CO16> O13 for FNTP-2.

The land is a right that cannot be separated from human life. It is a place to earn a living, build a house or residence, and also a place of burial of people at the time of death. It is an essential thing to a human. For there to be no uncertainty of rights between each other, it is necessary to have rules governing the relationship between man and the land. The land law according to customary law rules man's relationship with the land. According to customary law in Indonesia, there are two kinds of land rights, communal rights, and individuals. It makes the existence of customary law dualism in Indonesia. This should be avoided in the field of law because dualism can lead to legal uncertainty in which a situation is contrary to the philosophy and purpose of the law itself. Thus, the question arises how the customary land law arrangements that exist in Indonesia and the customary land law position after UUPA 1960. This research used normative juridical approach method; this approach refers to written regulations or other legal materials that are secondary to see how it is done through field research to obtain clarity about the subject matter. It can be concluded that the customary laws prevailing in Indonesia indicate the existence of a nuance of life or social function of the land in the division of communal land and individual land or individual. The distribution of rights or arrangements on customary land rights indicates an attempt to discipline the use of customary lands to ensure justice. Legal certainty is not guaranteed by only relying on customary land law alone because of aspects of applying the principle of abstract jurisdiction construction in customary land law.

Abstract: Our country which is located in the temperate climate zone is rich in terms of plant genetic resources due to its different ecological and topographical characteristics. Our country has about 12 thousand plant taxa in its flora. Among these plant taxa medicinal and aromatic plants have an important place. Salvia species, which are in the Lamiaceae family that contains medicinal aromatic plants are used for food, tea, cosmetics and perfumery industry and medical purposes among the public. This genus contains 900 species worldwide. In Turkey flora, its 95 species, including 51 endemic ones spread naturally. Tokat province, which is located in the Central Black Sea District Region showing the transitional characteristics between Black Sea region climate and Central Anatolia climate, is rich in plant diversity. Tokat is also rich in terms of Salvia species. It is estimated that there are about 15 Salvia species throughout the province. In this review, information about Salvia species and their biological activities which are distributed naturally in Tokat province are provided.

Littoral zones the world over fall amongst the most productive ecosystems because they possess diverse attributes which could be exploited for socio-economic development, such as mangroves. The Republic of Cameroon could equally be accessed via its maritime borders in the south and south west directions along its Atlantic coast. These coastal areas have developed a huge expanse of mangroves. The mangroves along Cameroon’s coast could be classified into three groups: the Rio Del Rey Estuary mangrove, the Cameroon Estuary mangrove and the Rio Ntem Estuary mangrove. Due to the lack of a coordinated management system, these mangroves have been exploited unscrupulously by the neighbouring communities in different ways as a livelihood activity in order to satisfy their needs and wants. This study sets out to assess the exploitation of mangroves along the littoral coast of Cameroon through field surveys and the consultation of institutional sources from government ministries such as Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) and Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED). It was observed that Cameroon’s Littoral zone extends to a distance of about 402km long, containing about 250,000 hectares of mangroves. However, these mangroves are unsustainably exploited by the neighbouring communities notably for fishing, mineral (mostly sand, petroleum) exploitation, wood harvesting for the smoking of fish and fuel wood, housing or settlement expansion, industrial activities, etc. All these human activities jeopardize the future existence of this mangrove-rich ecosystem as well as the benefits they hold for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, which is a major concern of the Cameroon government who have enacted various legislation and policies for their sustainable management.

Abstract: This study aims to describe clearly about the influence place, people, promotion and physical evidence on the decision of the visit to the Maritime Museum. The population in this study is that visitor who are in Maritime Museum. The sampling reached is 100 respondents. The research analysis performed by using SPSS (by applying method multiple linier regression analysis) IBM program version 21 statistical applications for data processing. The result of this research are: 1) Place significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 2) People significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 3) Promotion significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 4) Physical Evidence influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 5) People, Place, Promotion and Physical Evidence are simultaneously significant and influence the decision of visit to the Maritime Museum jointly.

Presently computer technology is becoming an important education tool especially in girl‟s schools about the use of computer technology. Therefore, the main objectives of this study was to introduce different types of computer and information technology knowledge related to student‟s life and society requirements. The population for this study was a group of people involved in the module including both the teachers and students from two secondary schools in Al- Qassim. Personnel interview was considered as the best method for the study from the researcher's perspective. A conceptual model was developed to evaluate the use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) for the improvement of teaching computer technology in girls‟ secondary schools. Questionnaire was designed based on the Likert Scale for the respondents to sate their level of agreement on the scale of five items [strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree with a scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The implementation of the Soft Systems Methodology was illustrated by stages, which included the development of a rich picture, root definitions, conceptual models and comparison with the real world. The application of SSM achieved some of the study objectives pertaining to computer teaching technology in girl‟s secondary school encountered by many obstacles. The achievement of SSM application was presented in the rich picture which seemed helpful especially in presenting the conflict between the students and the teacher‟s demands keeping in view the limitations of the program for better understanding of the situation. The induction of computer teaching technology proved useful in enhancing the student‟s skill about the benefits of computer tools in learning at schools. The suggested system was found useful for updating the use of SSM by applying the computer module in teaching computer technology in girl‟s secondary schools in Al-Qaseem, Saudi Arabia. Because it is comprehensive and would fully examine the application of SSM methodology. This study recommended the application of SSM in schools context but within the context of individuals‟ conflict situation. Application and use of computer teaching technology is an important education tool especially in girl‟s schools about the use of computer tools and software for improving learning skills about different aspects of life. This study recommended the induction of computer teaching technology for enhancing the student‟s skill about the benefits of computer tools for learning and understanding different aspects of life at school levels.

The paper investigated the trend of the performance of insurance sector and the implication of liquidity management on their performance between 2000 and 2008. The study made use of return on equity ROE as measure of insurance companies‟ performance; other variables used as independent variables are liquid asset volume, working capital, total investment, under-writing risk, dividend and equity capital. Seven non-life insurance companies were used for the analysis, descriptive statistics and panel data analysis were used to analyze the data. The results show that while all the performance indicators such as profit after tax return on asset, return on equity among others have been following rising trends over the years; liquid asset volume has been following a falling trend. The panel data results show that liquidity does not have significant impact on the performance of insurance companies. It is recommended that insurance companies should embark on strategies that will make management of liquidity have significant positive impact on the performance of insurance companies in Nigeria.

The study investigated the impact of credit risk on bank performance in Nigeria between 1990 and 2006. From the literature, non-performing loans have been used as proxy for credit risk. However, other variables such as total deposits, loan and advances and lending rate are used as other independent variables in the model while return on asset ROA is used as bank performance indicator. Cointegartion and error correction model is adopted and the results show that credit risk as proxy by non-performing loans has significant positive impact on bank performance in the short run but in the long run, the impacts turn negative. Also a strong linkage is found between loan and advances and credit risk as well as lending rate and credit risk. The study recommends that banks should guide against accumulation of nonperforming loans in order to reduce their vulnerability to credit risk.

Is the caste an important factor in Bihar elections? Aur it is synonymous for all. It is a difficult question that can be asked. But very easy to answer that these things happen in every body life. (Hum betiaur vote apni hi jatikodetehain) We give daughter and vote to our own caste. It means vote could not be separated from the caste in Bihar. Each and every step that has been taken according to the caste feature, role, numbers etc played significant role in the 2015 Bihar Assembly elections.

Body image is what an individual perceives of his or her body and the mental schemas that one forms with respect to their body and may or may not bear resemblance to reality. The four elements to a body image are how you see your body, how you feel about your body, how think about your body and what you do as a result of all of the above. It may be positive or negative. Body image in young adult women means how women between the ages of 18-25 years perceive their body and what factors influence the body image of women in that age. Body image has implications on mental health such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression and selfconfidence and eating disorders. Physical illnesses such as cancer, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis also play a role in body image. Literature done in other countries suggests that a majority of women have body image issues. Therefore this concept has to be studied in the Indian context too.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer the world over. With advances in treatment and early stage detection of cancer, there are a growing number of women who survive breast cancer for many years after treatments like mastectomy and chemotherapy/radiation. A cancer diagnosis is traumatic as it can be life threatening, necessitating a reorganization of life’s assumptions and goals. As survivors begin to understand their illness experience, they often re-examine the meaning they attach to their existence. Though it can be very stressful, positive transformative changes are also reported by survivors as a result of their experience with cancer. Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) is most evident as positive adaptive changes seen in individuals who have struggled with highly challenging events. This growth can be described in five major domains: seeing new possibilities, changed relationships (improved), being stronger despite feeling vulnerable, greater appreciation for life, changes in spiritual and existential domains. This paper is an attempt to elaborate on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth in the context of surviving breast cancer.

This article is a study towards the dynamic of social media usage and its users, especially YouTubers. This research was aimed to explore the meaning of YouTube for content creators, find out the motive, and know the behavior of a content creator in YouTube. This research used social phenomenology research method from Alfred Schutz by employing a qualitative approach. The data were obtained by conducting interviews with 11 YouTubers which were selected via purposive sampling. The results of the study indicated different motives. There were 11 motive groups that encouraged informants becoming YouTube content creators. The motives were classified into 3 main motives: personal-use motive, social motive, and commercial motive. Furthermore, the behavior was being examined through phenomenological context; it had a meaning that as content creators, the informants were able to manage strategies to overcome the experienced obstacles to embody their motives. This research also revealed that YouTube was gradually constructed as a means to work or to be creative; means of media and information consumption, and means of business. YouTube turned out to be the reality of expression and business. One's behavior actually communicated who or how a person will form a self-identity.

Bintaro Jaya Clean Water Customer Satisfaction Model, Product Quality Analysis, Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality of Service, aims to analyze the Influence of Product Quality, Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality of Service to Customer Satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. This research uses questionnaire instrument and is a quantitative research with multiple linear regression analysis tool with SPSS 2.00 analysis tool. Sampling technique used in this research is Non Probability Sampling and Sampling Technique in this research is by using method of Purposive Sampling, where researcher use deliberate deliberation in selecting member of population which is considered appropriate in giving necessary information or sample unit according to Certain criteria desirable research. This analysis is continued with Determination Analysis (R Square), T test (partial) and F test (simultaneous). The results of this study are that Product Quality, Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality Services effect on Customer Satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. The better quality of Customer Relationship Marketing and Quality of Service will be able to increase Customer Satisfaction significantly.