Phytomedicines are becoming more popular in the world for their ability to cure diseases with less toxicity and better therapeutic efficacy. Herbal medicines may also have disadvantages of poor bioavailability, toxicity, stability issues and patient compliance. In order to minimize these problems various drug delivery systems such as liposomes, phytosomes, niosomes, ethosomes and trasferosomes etc are being developed for phytomedicines. Novel drug delivery systems can improve bioavailability of drug that refers to the existence of drugs in the body part where they are actually needed. Ethosomes are noninvasive flexible vesicular carriers that enable the drugs to permeate through the deeper layers of skin and systemic circulation. They are mainly composed of phospholipids, high concentration of ethanol and water. As ethanol is known for its disturbance of skin lipid bilayer arrangement; therefore, inclusion of ethanol into a vesicular membrane provides the ability of vesicle to permeate through the stratum corneum. The high flexibility of ethosomal carrier from the added ethanol allows the elastic carrier to squeeze through the skin pores. Herbal ethosomal formulation has been effectively used to enhance bioavailability of many herbs including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Sophora alopercuroides, Cannabis sativa, Sesbania grandiflora and Podophyllum hexandrum

The impact of culture environment was assessed for the production of GIFT tilapia over high stocking densities at 20 fish/m2 and 30 fish/m2 in ponds and 300 fish/ m3 and 400 fish /m3 in cages in the same ponds to ensuring maximum utilization of the pond resources. After 120 days culture period the highest net yield of 3.72 kg/ m2 was obtained from ponds which were stocked with 20 fish / m2 and fed with homemade feed consisted of 60% wheat bran + 30% mustard oil cake +10% flour, while the highest net yield of 8.55 kg / m3 was obtained from cages stocked with 300 fish / m3 fed with the same feed from the same cultural environment. The lowest net yields of 2.34 kg/ m2 and 8.48 kg/ m3 were recorded from fish stocked at 30 fish/ m2 and 400 fish / m3 fed with the same feed from ponds and cages respectively. With the high survival rate the growth and yield of tilapia fish were found to be significantly influenced (p <0.05) by the cultural environment, stocking density and their interactions. Therefore the culture environment had a greater exerted effect on the production than the stocking densities.

The purposes of this research are to empirically analyse and examine the cost recovery impact on national budget (APBN) and state shared fund (DBH).The analysis of this research unit is on upstream of oil and gas industry which is managed by the Indonesian government with Production Sharing Contract for 44 companies. The population of this research comprises operators of Production Sharing Contract and the body of government that manages oil & gas or that is called “SKKMIGAS” consisting of 62 persons of manager level, 51 professionals, and 18 researchers from a university. The researcher also uses secondary data obtained from “SKKMIGAS” in 1984 to 2014 documents. The results of this research indicate the variable which has big impact on state shared fund is recovery cost, and the variable which does not have any impact on national budget is recovery cost.

A total number of 1042 flathead mullet Mugil cephalus were searched for parasites during summer & autumn 2015 and winter & spring 2016. Six different parasite taxa belonging to Microsporidia, Myxozoa, Ciliophora, Anisakidae and Gnathostomatidae were identified. The total number of infested mullets along the study period with one or more parasites was 396 representing a percentage of 38.0%. Mullets were infested with Microsporum velveticum through ingesting the intermediate host. This parasite was observed in the intestinal epithelia, adipose tissue, liver, stomach epithelia, muscles and air bladder. Myxidium depressum was observed in the liver and gall bladder of infested mullets in a plasmid stage that had undergone sporogony forming multicellular myxospores. Trichodina murmanica was observed on the gill surface, the operculum and respiratory epithelium where superficial to deep ulcerative lesions were visible. Third Larval stages of Anisakis simplex, Raphidascaris acus and Gnathostoma spinigerum were observed free in the duodenum and ileim or encapsulated in the stomach epithelia, liver, and muscles. The infra-community of protists was highest in winter and fall while for parasitic nematodes was during spring and summer. Seasonal fluctuation of the parasite community was demonstrated by using standard calculations.

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence profile of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) on in patients at Tongji hospital. A retrospective study was carried out on in-patients at Tongji medical college, Huazhong university of Science and Technology from May 1985 to April 2012. Out of 110553 in-patients 777 cases were diagnosed as CADRs. The most common type of CADRs was maculopapular eruption followed by Erythema multiforme, Fixed drug eruption and urticaria. The most common drugs causing CADRs was antibiotics followed by antiepileptic drugs, antipyretics and analgesics. The most common type of CADRs was maculopapular eruptions followed by erythema multiforme, fixed drug eruption and urticaria. The main offending drug was antibiotics followed by antiepileptic drugs, antipyretics and analgesics

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of violence and influencing factors, reasons for violence according to women, women‟ behaviors in response to violence, reasons given by women who are exposed to violence for sustaining their marriage in Sanliurfa in Turkey between 15 December 2013 and 15 February 2014.Participants were selected by using 30 cluster sampling methods. A total of 300 married women were reached. The prevalence of being exposed to any type of violence was determined 78.7%; this included physical violence 18.3%, verbal violence 50.3%, emotional violence 38.3%, sexual violence 8.0%, and economic violence 57.0%. Considering all types of violence, the most common applicator of violence was husband (90–100%). Almost half of the women stated that they gave no reaction/became introverted and cried in response to violence from their husbands. Almost half of women being exposed to violence by their husbands were observed to sustain their marriage. It is also, 23.6% of women stated that they confirmed man's wife to violence in some cases (It is also 23.6% of women stated that they are OK with their husbans violance to themselves in some cases.) Women who participated in the study had a very high prevalence of being exposed to violence. Even more, violence was approved by women in some cases. These results show that health care professionals rendering services in the region have great responsibilities to prevent, determine and protect individuals from the violence, as well providing treatment and rehabilitation.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of aqueous extract of Mentha spicata (MSE) leaf on dichlorvos (DDVP) induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Male rats were divided into 4 groups, the first group served as control (C). Group (E1) received 5.33mg/Kg BW of DDVP and group (E2) received 5.33mg/Kg BW of DDVP with MSE (100.0 mg/kg) and the group (E3) received MSE (100.0 mg/kg). Rats under all the groups were treated with their respective constituents for 30 days. The results suggested that rats under E1 suffered from significant (p<0.01) decline in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase with a significant elevation in the levels of malondialdehyde of their brain. Histological changes were also found to be prominent in the brain of E1 group as compared to others. Rats under E2 showed recuperation tendencies which were evidenced by partial restoration of antioxidant enzyme activity and the lesser degree of damage in histological aspect as compared to E1. No significant changes were observed in either biochemical constituents or histological aspects of rats under E3. The current study suggests that DDVP can cause oxidative damage and brain injury in male rats and co-administration of MSE with the selected dose partially attenuates the toxic effect caused by DDVP

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. An increasing antimicrobial resistance among Community-acquired (CA) and Nosocomial UTI has been rapidly growing. Cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study was conducted to investigate the current in vitro susceptibility pattern of the clinically isolated bacteria among Community and Hospital-acquired (HA) UTI. Patient data for 421 urine specimens were collected from the case records during October 2016 to March 2017. Significant growth was yielded from 170 of urine specimens. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for detection antibiotic susceptibility pattern for all isolates. Of the total 170 (40.4%) culture positive samples, 51.2% and 48.8% were CA and HA UTI respectively. The culture positivity of UTI among the female was (44.1%) compared to (55.9%) among the male. There was a significant difference in resistance pattern between CA and Nosocomial UTI. The distribution of the isolated pathogens were (51.2%) and (48.8%) in CA and HA respectively. The predominant bacterial isolate was Escherichia coli (43.5%) in both cases of community and nosocomial UTI. However, Klebsiella pneumoniae (69.0%) was mostly isolated from HA-UTI while Staphylococcus aureus (80.0%) was mostly detected in CA-UTI. The recent study revealed high resistant rates of UTI among HA as compared to CA. This study revealed that more than 90% of HA-UTIs isolated pathogens were resistant to broad-spectrum Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Quinolones, and Macrolides. Contrarily, high rates of bacterial sensitivity was found towards Imipenem (82.9%), Nitrofurantoin (72.4%), Ertapenem (70.7%), and Amikacin (67.1%). Even if Escherichia coli remains the major pathogen in UTI, the resistance pattern of CA-UTI is frightening in our country. Nitrofurantoin is the only oral drug that retained reasonable activity against most UTI pathogens. Imipenem and Ertapenem remain effective for UTI bacterial isolates. The changing of UTI etiological agents was observed in the current study.

Enteric fevers are a common occurrence in pediatric patients especially in rural and tribal areas where the conditions of sanitation are generally poor. The common causative organisms are gram-negative bacteria Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. There is a limited data regarding the burden of the disease in Tribal Adilabad region. With this background, we in the present study tried to evaluate the prevalence of enteric fever in pediatric patients with RIMS Adilabad. Method: The data were collected from the Department of Pediatrics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad from August-October 2017. All the febrile patients attending the pediatric OPD, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Media [RIMS] presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of typhoid fever and the fever were lasting for more than 3 days. They were not on antibiotic therapy. A total of [n=66] 34 male and 32 female patients aged 0-14 years were found to have positive cultures for S.typhi. Patients were treated with ceftriaxone IV dosage based on the 100 mg/kg IV 24h for 10-14 days Results: the Most important symptom of typhoid is fever which was seen in all the 66 (100%) of cases involved in the study. The next common symptom was headache in 37 (56.06%) of cases followed by hypotension 22 (33.33%), diarrhea 21(31.81%), Abdominal pain 19 (28.79%), constipation 18 (27.27%), vomiting 14 (21.21 %) and only 7 (10.60%) and 6 (9.0 %) presented with cough and bradycardia. Maximum 45.45% patients get rid of typhoid fever after one week of medication. 22.73% of patients get rid of typhoid fever in two weeks of medication. 9.0% were cleared of infection after 3 weeks of medication. Conclusion: Typhoid fever is common in this group of the population especially in children. Fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain were the major clinical symptoms. No multi-drug resistant S.typhi was found in this population. Increase awareness regarding hygiene maintenance, sanitation and vaccinations in the population is required to reduce the burden of the disease in this area

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) educational interventions are one option for helping these patients adhere to treatment recommendations while improving their quality of life. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of health-related quality of life educational interventions on Chronic Hepatitis C Patients'. A quasi-experimental study design. This study was conducted at the liver outpatient clinic of Fayoum Medical University Hospital. A purposive sample of hundred fifty patients was included. Tools: 1) Patients' needs assessment questionnaire. 2) Health-Related Quality of life of Chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ).

SMEs are recognized as a most effective mechanism to push economic and social development. Their role becomes more important in Saudi economy which is in the diversification stage in an attempt to reduce KSA dependence on oil and to realize the Vision 2030. The government has established various institutions and working along with private sector to offer SMEs financial, technical and training support aimed at development of entrepreneurship. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the status of SMEs and to identify & study the activities of the institutions extending financial and non-financial support to SMEs. The researcher has examined thirteen main institutions which are playing an important role in providing support in the areas of technology, marketing, financing, training, incubators, consultancy and policy & incentives. Finally suggestions have been extended for further improvement in order to capitalize the opportunities resulting in development and growth of entrepreneurship.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on nursing performance regarding advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A QuasiExperimental Study. The study conducted at the emergency department at Ain Shams University hospital and children hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University hospitals. A convenience sample included all available nurses (100) , at the previously mentioned settings over a 6 months’ period. Pre-designed sheet; it was concerned with their knowledge regarding advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

This is a retrospective study over a period of 5 years, from January 2011 to December 2015, which concerns 21 cases of laryngeal cancers that have undergone total laryngectomy. The average age of our patients was 60 years old, chronic smoking is incriminated in 71% of cases with an average consumption of 40 packs / year. Ethylism was found in 23% of cases. The time between onset of clinical signs and first consultation was on average 10 months. Dysphonia was the revealing sign in 76% of patients, most often associated with dyspnea. Panendoscopy with biopsy was systematically done to all of our patients, confirming the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (100%), also paraclinical imaging revealed the extension of the tumor. Stage 3 TNM were most often found at the time of the diagnosis. In our studies, all of our 21 patients underwent total laryngectomy supplemented with radiotherapy for the sterilization of the tumor bed and ganglionic areas, except one patient who presented a permeation nodule. Postoperative course was grossly simple. No recurrences were noted. The deaths of two patients were deplored

This research is undertaken at the Secondary Level of Bangladesh Open University (BOU). It attempts to present the frequency of Code-switching and students‟ perception towards it and their functions in facilitating EFL learning. Using questionnaires as a method of data collection, the findings reveal that instructors frequently code-switched between Bangla and English. This phenomena was related to both teachers‟ and students‟ language competence. Students exhibit positive perceptions towards it as a learning tool. Analyses of data reveal that Code-switching helps students to learn their lessons. Moreover, the students are welcoming codeswitching very much.

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of service quality, customer relationship, and customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty in PT Prudential Life Assurance. Adapataata used is the data of the 10 largest insurance in Indonesia during the last 3 years (January 2014 - December 2016). The research method used is quantitative. For sampling using Slovin formula. From population of 133 consumers of PT Prudential Life Assurance in Best One Agency Jakarta, 100 consumers met this criterion as a sample. The analytical tools used is multiple linear regression. The results showed service quality, customer relationship, and customerr satisfaction simultaneously (simultaneously) affect customer loyalty. Partially, service quality, customer relationship, and customer satisfaction have a significant positive effect on customer loyalty. And of the three variables diguanakan, customer satisfaction that has the most influence on customer loyalty.