Teachers play an important role in the implementation of secondary school curriculum. However, implementation of secondary school curriculum has not been effective. The study was guided by the persistent burnout theory. The study adopted mixed methods approach and used the concurrent triangulation research design. The target population for this study was 806 respondents from which a sample of 243 was selected using the Central Limit Theorem. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from secondary school teachers whereas interview guides were used to collect qualitative data from school heads and education officers. Validity was established through expert judgment whereas reliability was determined using test retest technique and reliability was obtained using Cronbach Alpha Method. Credibility of qualitative data was ascertained by involving multiple analysts, whereas dependability was established through detailed reporting of the research process. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically along the research questions and presented in narrative forms whereas quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferentially using ANOVA and presented in tables and charts. The study established that teachers‟ emotional exhaustion influence implementation of secondary school curriculum. Thus, the study recommends that school management and Ministry of Education need to devise ways of motivating teachers by providing incentives, instructional resources and physical facilities. Teachers need to develop positive selfesteem, attitude and positive perception towards oneself.

The accurate morphological identification of the cells is a diagnostic problem in conventional smears. By using 10% alcohol formalin as a fixative and obtaining cell block gives effective diagnosis regarding cellular morphology in serous effusions. This study was carried out to evaluate cell block technique as a diagnostic tool for serous effusions. It is expected that cell block technique will give better morphological details and thereby improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis in comparison with conventional smears. This retrospective study was conducted in cytology section in a tertiary care hospital,46 fluid samples were subjected to diagnostic evaluation over a period of 10months.The cell blocks were prepared by using 10% alcohol-formalin as a fixing agent along with the conventional smears. The nucleo-cytoplasmic details were evaluated as benign, suspicious for malignancy and malignancy in both conventional smears and cell block method. Out of 46cases only 3/46cases (6.53%) found to be malignant in conventional smearsand using cell block technique 6/46cases (13.043%) were positive for malignancy. Cell block technique is a useful adjuvant evaluating fluid cytology for the more presumptive diagnosis, when combined with conventional smear method. Cell blocks can be stored for a longer period for further evaluation and can be used for special stains, Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis in order to obtain specific diagnosis.

This study sought to investigate the students‟ perceived social factors that contribute to examination malpractices in Eldoret West Campus of Moi University, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The objectives of the study were; to analyze strategies to curb examination malpractices in public universities. Descriptive research design was used. Simple random, stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used in choosing the sample size. The target population for the study was the student counselors, Dean School of education, Chief Examination officer and third year students from the school of Education. The sample size for the study was third year education students. The research instruments used to collect data were questionnaires, interview schedules and document analysis. The analysis of data was done using both qualitative and quantitative. It was found out that lack of accommodation facilities, limited provision of guidance and counseling services, poor orientation into the university system and work study programmes contribute to examination malpractices while limited provision of catering services and allowing students to operate business in the university premises do not contribute to examination malpractices in the institution. It was therefore recommended that there is need for the institution to put in place active student counseling services to deter students from engaging themselves in examination malpractices since most students believed that there is lack of guidance and counseling in the institution. The findings are expected to benefit in formulating university examination policy. Similarly, there is need for ISO standards to be adhered to during lecture hours and examination hours to curb examination malpractices in the institution

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) or Goltz syndrome is a rare genetic skin disorder; characterized by abnormalities of both ectodermal and mesodermal structures. We report the case of a girl of 8 years of Moroccan origin, second of a fratery of two, resulting from a non-consanguineous marriage and without any particular family history. Examination at admission notes that the patient presents with an overall hypotrophy, right facial asymmetry with low-set protruding ear, narrow nasal bridge. The examination of the oral cavity notes: Arborescent papillomas of the oral mucosa, hypertrophy gingival, abnormous tooth form, ectopic extensive dental caries eruption. Skeletal abnormalities: Ectrodactyly ("lobsterclaw" hand deformity) of the right hand, Syndactyly bilateral second and third toes. Hypopigmentation of the abdomen skin, microphthalmia of the right eye. The rest of the clinical examination is without particularity. The genetic study confirmed the diagnosis of FDH by highlighting a mutation of the PORCN gene.

This research aimed to improve written expression (composition) skills of twelve grade students of the Al-Mazar secondary school by using the Tamer-Aien intervention model. The intervention model was designed by using metacognitive strategic concept, techniques, symbols and diagrams. This study was conducted at AlMazar secondary school in Jordan. A total sample of 22 students‟ from the same grade was chosen for the study. The baseline assessment was carried out to explore the preintervention writing skill score of the students prior to the intervention cycle one. Later, intervention and writing skill support strategies were carried out for twelve weeks. In the end, post-test was carried out to explore the differences occurred in the writing score of the students as a post-intervention effect. The findings obtained from the quantitative data showed the improvement in the written expression skills of the students. It was observed that through taking the above-mentioned measures, the teachers can help students improve their writing skills. Data were analyzed using the independent Mann-Whitney U test followed by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results showed that there was a positive effect on the students writing performance from the pretest at the beginning of intervention program up to the posttest at the end of the intervention program. The findings have implications for pedagogy as well as for research.

The aqueous and chloroform extracts of Acacia nilotica linn belonging to the family Fabaceae were evaluated for anthelmintic activity. The dried powder of Acacia nilotica bark was extracted and the activity was studied. Both aqueous and chloroform extract collected were tested for anthelmintic activity against Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma (Annelida) and recorded the time taken for induction of paralysis and death. Two concentrations (25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml) of aqueous and chloroform were evaluated in the bioassay involving determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as reference standard and normal saline solution as a control. Comparative results of present study indicated that the aqueous and chloroform extracts of leaves of Acacia nilotica, linn shows significantly dose depending pharmacological activity on the earthworms.

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between students’ perception and performance .The theories that guided the study were theory of leaning and Constructivism theory. In this study the design used was correlation survey design. The target population that involved in this study is 16 public schools in Moshi municipality. Samplings used in this study were stratified and simple randomly sampling. The instruments that used to obtain the data in this study were questionnaire for students and interview schedule for teachers. The main findings were Perceptions of students towards science subjects in Moshi municipality Relationship between student’s perception and academic performance towards science subjects in Moshi municipality, Improvement perceptions of students towards science subjects and challenges facing students’ performance on science subjects in Moshi municipality. The study concluded that there is strong relationship between students’ perceptions and performance towards science subjects. The researcher made recommends that the ministry of education and vocational training must establish union among students who studying science subjects and prepare gifts and incentives for all students who performing better in science subjects, this situation will increase interest of students to study science.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, systemic disease, characterized by polyarthritis, erosive synovitis and sometimes shows multi system involvement. Oxidative damage induced by reactive species has been related to the pathophysiology of RA. The inflammation in the joints leads to joint damage and thus influences the quality of life in these patients. This work was undertaken to determine oxidative stress markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to observe its correlation with inflammatory markers. Malondialdehyde (MAD) and Nitric oxide (NO) are estimated as the markers of oxidative stress and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is measured as a marker of inflammation. A cross-sectional study in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls was done. We included 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 healthy controls. MDA, NO and hsCRP are measured in all the subjects. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS statistical software version 17.0. MDA, NO and hsCRP levels were increased in RA patients when compared to controls (p<0.001) and a positive correlation between the inflammatory marker and oxidative stress markers was also observed in these patients. The value of R is 0.7277 for MDA and hsCRP where as R value is 0.6153 for NO and hsCRP. The findings of present study support the concept of oxidative stress leading to tissue damage and inflammation. The positive correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress in these patients indicate the importance of correction of oxidative stress along with inflammation, further large and well controlled studies are needed to establish the role of anti oxidants in treatment protocols of RA patients.

Allgrove syndrome which is known as the triple A syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disease. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 per 1,000,000 individuals. The triple A stands for the three most prominent features of the syndrome, alacrimia, achalasia and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-resistant adrenal insufficiency. It may be associated with autonomic, central and peripheral nervous system abnormalities then the name 4 A syndrome has been introduced. In this paper, we report the case of a 14-year-old girl with the 4 A syndrome who was referred to the Oral Medicine Department of hospital La Rabta (Tunisia). She suffered from many oral manifestations of Allgrove's syndrome as well as general abnormalities. Through this observation, we will show that the Knowledge of the oral manifestations is important and it leads the dentist to the right prevention and management of bucco dental complications of these patients.

A growing body of research supports the significance of physician-nurse collaboration for the delivery of a quality patient care and positive outcomes. This study was undertaken to assess the attitudes toward collaboration between practicing physicians and nurses in three tertiary government hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A quantitative descriptive study was used to compare the difference in attitudes toward Physician-nurse collaboration between physicians and nurses. Attitudes toward collaboration as influenced by their age, gender, nationality, and number of years in practice was also explored. Data were obtained through distribution of survey questionnaire which is an adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSATPNC). Results showed a total mean scores on attitudes toward collaboration for physicians (n = 201) was 50.68 ± 8.31 and 53.59 ± 8.20 for nurses group (n=307). Mean scores were consistently higher in the 4 JSATPNC subscales of attitudes for nurses (p=0.007). Further analysis demonstrated that male physicians have statistically higher score than female physicians (p=0.043). Nurses who have more than 10 years hospital practice have higher score compared to those with 10 years and less of practice (p=0.048). Considering that physician-nurse collaboration is important in the promotion of a quality patient care and outcomes, healthcare institutions in KSA should give more focus on improving physician-nurse collaborative relationships.

The structures supporting the tricuspid valve leaflets are called chordae tendinae. They are collagenous. They are also known as tendinous cords. The tricuspid valve cusps are attached into the atria, during ventricular contraction, by the chordae. Tension in the chordae tendinae is regulated by specialized muscles called papillary muscles which contract along with the ventricular muscle. The chordae tendinae are attached to the papillary muscles. The chordae tendinae have been found to be involved in causing valve dysfunction and have shown variations in their number and attachment causing tricuspid valve dysfunction. Hence, the study was undertaken to describe their morphology and report any variations. 96 hearts were studied, which were collected from cadavers allotted to undergraduate students for dissection, over a period of time. Hearts were removed by dissection method. Window dissection of the anterior ventricular wall and the posterior right ventricular wall exposes both the papillary muscles & the chordae tendinae. The following types of Chordae tendinae were observed. They were 5 in number and were as follows: Basal chordae, Fan shaped chordae, free edge chordae, rough zone chordae and Deep chordae. No abnormal deviations were observed.

Abstract: This paper is related to study the potential of orange peel on the removal of copper ions from simulated wastewater using different design parameters by adsorption technique. The operating parameters studied to adsorb copper ions using orange peel as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of copper, absorbance material packing height which was orange peel, pH of copper feed inlet solution, and treatment time, these parameters were varied from (1-100) mg/l, (10-50) cm, (1-8), and (1-60) min respectively. All experiments were carried out at constant feed flow rate (1 l/min) and constant temperature 25°C. Results show that the higher removal efficiency was 89.25 % for copper from aquatic solution and this efficiency was decreased with increasing of initial concentration and pH while the removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent material bed height and contact time. The residues of orange peels that loaded with copper ions were prepared to use it as a rodenticide by applying it on the laboratory rats and calculate the half lethal dose (LD50). The residues show a good ability to use it as a rodenticide and the LD50 calculated was in the same range mentioned in the literature. By this way, it can possess different benefits in the same time, which are remove the toxic copper ions from contaminated the water by highly efficiency, get rid of agricultural waste orange peel and finally prepare an active, cheap and simple rodenticide. So, it can discard more toxic waste in a coast and eco-friendly method accessing to Zero Residue Level (ZRL) concept.

To evaluate clinical performance of three different resin composites (microfilled, nanohybrid, nanofilled) polished with one-step polishing system in cervical restorations after 24 month. Thirty adult patients were selected from outpatient clinics with a total of 90 restorations (30 of each type of dental composite resin). All of the restorations were finished using fine grit finishing diamond under water-cooling to remove gross excess and polished with one-step polishing system. All restorations showed only minor changes and no differences were detected between their performance at any time period. Nanofill and nanohybrid composite resin showed a satisfactory clinical performance after 24 month as microfill composite resin.

Electrolyte abnormalities are common cause of morbidity and mortality in ICU patients. Quick and accurate results are required for immediate treatment. Conventionally these are measured in serum by electrolyte analyser but now point of care analysers are available to determine them in arterial blood by ABG. To measure electrolyte levels in venous and arterial samples and to evaluate the difference in them. The study was conducted in the department of biochemistry, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot. It was conducted on the total of 115 patients of either sex admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Arterial blood sample was collected for ABG and venous blood was processed in the electrolyte analyser. Results show that there is quite a difference between the mean values of these parameters in venous and arterial blood, with sodium having mean of 124.22 ± 9.18 in arterial blood and that of 137.09 ± 8.71 in venous blood. The mean value for potassium is 3.49 ± 1.28 in arterial blood and 4.21 ± 1.08 in venous blood. For chloride it is 108.54±9.9 in arterial blood and 101.77±7.2 in venous blood. The p values for all the parameters was <0.001. As we observed significant difference between electrolyte levels of venous blood done on electrolyte analyser and that of arterial blood done on ABG analyser so these cannot be used for in exchange for each other and so physicians should be cautious while reporting the results.

This research aims to know the influence of the application of mathematical approach is realistic and critical thinking towards problem-solving ability of grade V primary school in Tangerang. This type of research is to experiment with the use of the technique of simple random sampling has been done to 60 students. Retrieval of data obtained through tests and analyzed using the variant analysis (ANAVA) two lanes with a design treatment by level 2 x 2.Research results showed: (1) problem solving Ability among students who are taught using realistic mathematical approach higher than students taught using conventional methods, (2) there is the influence of the interaction between the application realistic mathematical approach to critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, against (3) problem solving Ability among students who are taught using realistic mathematical approach higher than students taught using methods the conventional group of students who have a high, critical thinking and (4) problem solving Ability among students who are taught using conventional methods is higher than students taught using a mathematical approach is realistic on a group of students with critical thinking.The results of this research show that the mathematical approach with a realistic critical thinking was able to increase the ability of solving math problems.