Global interests in both pre and post-colonial periods dominate conservation practices in Africa. The argument that human beings and their activities are the drivers of environmental degradation served as a bedrock for the formation of early-protected areas across the continent. Other stakeholders who do not necessarily bear the costs realize the huge benefits of conservation. Equally important is the fact that, in both the colonized and non-colonized geographies, replication of similar, though not identical conservation policies evolved and dominated the biodiversity conservation patterns and the current scene of policies at least in some East African countries. This paper seeks to analyze the historical incidents that triggered these countries, namely (Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya) to adopt Fortress Conservation approach from the outset and unable to change under growing pressures from local and global stakeholders interested in resource use and conservation alike. To that end, the historical survey of literatures devoted to conservation practices and approaches of these countries, comparative analysis of the actual conservation policies at work, and the different interests mobilized by different actors were identified and systematically analyzed.

Implementation of PCPNDT Act strictly in past few years has created terror in mind of doctors who are operating imaging technology and infertility clinics. The terror is mainly due to criminal liability under the Act and adverse media publicity. Many doctors had to face criminal charges for trivial things like non-putting of Apron or nameplate, size of display board, clerical errors in filling of form etc. The punishment is serious in the form of imprisonment and penalty further leading to cancellation of medical practitioner licence. Indian Radiological and Imaging Association (IRIA) has taken up the issue seriously and taking the issue to various courts to avoid unnecessary harassment of doctors. Various judgements have come and depicts the stern view of the Courts. The most effective precautionary measures are to maintain records scrupulously, fill the Form-F as provided in the Act, accurately and correctly, submit and maintain the records to the appropriate authority within the stipulated time. Although there is no gap between the intent of the legislature and stand of doctors. Both are in favour of stopping female foeticide and avoiding sex discrimination. Doctors need that PCPNDT Act should serve the intent of stopping sex determination but not as a harassment tool with authorities which is taking away doctor’s self-respect and giving nightmares

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant clonal expansion of hemato¬poietic progenitor cells causally linked to a specific chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome. It occurs uncommonly in childhood, accounting for only 2 to 5% of all pediatric leukaemias with an annual incidence of about 1 per million in this age range. We describe one such case of chronic myeloid leukemia in an 11 year old boy, who presented with massive splenomegaly and hyperleukocytosis. The diagnosis was made from peripheral blood smear examination, supported by karyotypic study. Because of the infrequency of its occurrence, it was thought of interest to report this case of CML and to review certain interesting features of this entity in the pediatric population

Increased feminine entrepreneurial activity heralds a progress for women’s rights and improvement of their economic and social living index. Ladies entrepreneurship is synonymous with ladies authorisation. Parallel to the male counterparts, feminine entrepreneur’s area unit chemical process in job creation, innovation and over tangible contribution to the value of the country. Associate in nursing economy thrives once ladies get a level enjoying field as men. Innovation works as a catalyst or associate in nursing instrument for entrepreneurship. Indian ladies, despite all the social hurdles stand tall from the remainder of the group and area unit applauded for his or her achievements in their individual field. The transformation of social cloth of the Indian society, in terms of inflated academic standing of ladies and varied aspirations for higher living, necessitated a modification within the life type of Indian ladies. This paper endeavours to explore studies associated with ladies entrepreneurship and innovation in republic of India. Few examples from Rajasthan, republic of India are taken to grasp the study in a very higher means

Love and marriage is the eternal theme of literary works among which Pride and Prejudice and Story of Stone are two of the most famous ones. In recent years, it is a hot topic to understand the concept of love and marriage. Although created in different cultural contexts, Pride and Prejudice and Story of Stone have revealed love views which have a strong relevance. Under the theoretical framework of feminism, this study aims to find the common and different characteristics of the love view of the heroines in Pride and Prejudice and Story of Stone and analyzes the reasons to help people have a better interpretation of love.

Aviation industry is facing severe challenges such as increase in fuel prices, heavy competition, and changing customer needs. By giving importance to the human resource issues and strategically utilizing staff capabilities, firms in aviation industry can better addresses such challenges. In this context, in current study, our objective was to test the effects of High Performance Work System (HPWS) on employee’s perceived psychological empowerment and proactive behavior. Additionally, the employee’s perceived psychological empowerment is proposed as mediator between the relationship of HPWS and employee proactive behavior. Primary data for this study is collected using the survey measure adapted from previous sources. Through convenience sampling, data is collected from staff from selected airline firms located in the UAE region (n=177). Findings indicate that HPWS dimensions including training and compensation have positive and significant effects on employee’s proactive behavior. Similarly, the HPWS dimensions including recruitment and compensation have positive and significant effects on employee’s perceived psychological empowerment. Further, our findings indicate that psychological empowerment function as a mediator between the HPWS dimensions of recruitment and compensation and employee proactive behavior. Our findings have implications for the management of the aviation industry firms.

This article attempts to examine how songs are associated with discursive and communicative activities in the traditional xoy ceremony in Seereer country. It proposes a reflection on the coupling between the verbal communication and the singing communication to demonstrate their complementarities and then to analyze the influence of the one on the other with respect to the functional process of the communicational exchanges. The article also emphasizes the multiplicity of communicative functions that songs play in the interactive device set up in the framework of a highly cultural and ritualized ceremony, during which the right to speak is not given to everyone; and the strategies of triggering and linking exchanges are done by the use of songs to give a new orientation to the speeches. All this is done and expressed by and in the communicative value of the songs, a value molded by an illocutive force that easily reaches and stimulates the target hearers.

Mobile phone usage has become an essential component of daily life. Several studies have raised concerns about the possible deleterious effects on the nervous system due to exposure of electromagnetic radiations. We aimed to study the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the spinal cord of albino rats. In the present study twenty-four adult albino rats of either sex weighing 180-200 grams each were divided into four groups: 1 control and 3 experimental and were exposed to RF-EMR via complete missed calls of 45 seconds duration each. Both the experimental and control groups were then sacrificed and spinal cord was isolated for tissue processing. The processed tissue was then stained (hematoxylin and eosin) and observed under light microscope. Light microscopy of the spinal cord showed the cellular size of the neuronal cells was reduced in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons, their nucleus was heterochromatic. Neurons were irregular, loosely arranged, darkly stained and decreased in size. Ventral horn cells of the spinal cord showed absent cytoplasm, heterochromatic nucleus with invisible nucleoli. Dose dependency with more radiation exhibit more changes in comparison to less exposed rats. From our findings, it is suggestive to protect the population living around base stations and users of mobile handsets. For this the government and regulatory bodies adopt safety standards which minimizes the hazardous effects of mobile radiation

Sudden demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee notes forming a major portion of circulating currency by the Indian Government in November, 2016 is a daring step in the national interest. It created an instant chaos in the country. Besides inflicting a major blow to holders of unaccounted money and counterfeit currency, it also caused suffering for the common man. It was opposed by some on this ground. Many felt that if a short-term suffering was the price for a substantial long-term gain, it would be justified. The present study is based on secondary data from an extensive consultation of sources of information on this topic. It attempts to analyze the pros & cons and the rationale for demonetization. Amidst conflicting ideologies, politics, and self-interests dividing intellectuals, leaders and economists on this move, an unbiased approach to study the available literature on demonetization and to arrive at conclusions has been made. After short-term set-back the long term benefits are showing up. A comprehensive survey of the long-term outcomes is beyond the scope and time-frame of this study, but is a fertile ground for future research. The learning from the study would offer guidance for reforms through demonetization and the needed course-corrections. Other developing, emerging and developed economies would gain useful insights from this study when contemplating such measures

Post-operative hearing loss is a very poorly understood complication in the medical field in general and in the Anesthesiology practice more specifically. This has been observed past three decades and yet, it still is a mystery and unresolved medical condition. Senso-neural hearing loss (SNHL) results in temporary deafness as a side-effect of a puncture during spinal (subarachnoid) anesthesia. Although it is also observed after general anesthesia, but the numbers are much less. In the present study, we report a case of 48 year old man who underwent a surgery for anal fistula incision with spinal anesthesia and complained about the hearing inability in both the ears (bilateral SNHL) started few hours after the surgery. His symptoms improved over a few days’ time with a conservative approach (rest, hydration and increased caffeine intake). There have been other reports on permanent type of hearing loss. Even though in a majority of cases, the patients recover, considering the threats from the minority, we believe that it is the responsibility of the medical staff to be aware of the patients’ condition before undertaking such surgeries and anesthesia

Abstract: Due to active involvement of fetal system in regulation of amniotic fluid volume it has been identified as an indicator of intrauterine fetal status. USG has revolutionized the process of assessment of amniotic fluid thus becoming an integral part of fetal surveillance. Polyhydramnios is an obstetrical condition associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. In a low resource health facility as India with poor coverage of antenatal care and malnutrition it still becomes more important to screen pregnancies for such high risk factors. The objectives of the present study were: 1. To determine the incidence of polyhydramnios by ultrasonography. 2. To evaluate its relationship with neonatal outcome. A hospital based prospective study for duration of one year. All the patients identified as having polyhydramnios according to Largest pocket diameter method. The incidence of polyhydramnios in singleton pregnancy during the study period was 1.04 %. Majority of cases (76.61%) were mild, 14.03% moderate and 9.36 % severe polyhydramnios. Congenital anomalies were present in 34 (19.88%) fetus. The commonest malformations were central nervous system 17 cases (9.94%), gastrointestinal system anomalies 9 (5.3%) and musculoskeletal 7 cases (4.1%). Anencephaly was the commonest CNS malformations. Significant association existed between severity of polyhydramnios and chances of fetus having congenital anomaly. Other fetal complications include VLBW 4.09%, macrosomia 1.75%, SGA babies 8.77%, LGA babies 9.94%, still birth 7.59%, NICU admission 20.47% , Perinatal death 16.96% and early neonatal death 9.36%. The study gives us the understanding of the impact of polyhydramnios on the fetal outcome. Our study demonstrates that careful fetal examination has to be performed when polyhydramnios is diagnosed, as congenital malformations are often associated with this condition. These anomalies if detected early timely termination of pregnancy can be done hence less physical and psychological trauma to mother.

The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of opportunity, internal control, and management commitment on fraud opportunities. The samples were taken at some companies in Palembang, including PT. PLN UIP Sumbagsel, PT. PLN WS2JB, PT. Surveyor Indonesia and the Regional Mining and Energy Company totalling 154 respondents. Out of 154 questionnaires sent, 148 questionnaires were returned. The sampling was done using the purposive sampling technique. The data collected were the primary data which were first tested for their validity and reliability. The data analysis method used was the multiple regression analysis that had met the classical assumption testing requirements. The results of the study indicate that the opportunities have a significant effect on the fraudulent actions in the selected companies. Whereas the internal control and the management commitment have a negative effect on the fraudulent actions

Abstract: Pre-eclampsia, is an obstetric disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that prevails all over the world. It presents as a pressing peril for fetal and maternal lives. Though inflammation, increased levels of TXA2, ischemic placenta, dysfunction of endothelium are discerned, the exact pathophysiology yet remains a mystery. The absolute treatment is still to be discovered, however its prevention by low dose aspirin and calcium supplementation present as promising preventative measures for pre-eclampsia. To observe the effect of aspirin and calcium in prevention of preeclampsia. This was a prospective clinical trial study for evaluation of role of aspirin and calcium in prevention of pre-eclampsia in primigravidas. It was carried out at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at AL-Wahda hospital Derna from Jan 2016 to Dec 2016. Three hundred and forty four primigravidae were included in the study. Their age ranged from 16 to 45 years with a mean 26.32 ± 4.88 years. Out of the 344 healthy primigravidae, 63 (18.3 %) developed preeclampsia. Both (aspirin and calcium) supplementations were associated with a reduction preeclampsia. There was significant difference between the group taken both (aspirin & calcium) group and prevent pre-eclampsia (X2= 6.07, P= 0.014). In Conclusion, It was noted in the present study that low dose aspirin and calcium might have beneficial effect in the prevention of preeclampsia.

Proper reactive power management for improving the a.c power system performance always result in loss minimization. It is all about the supply of reactive power in a transmission line to increase the transmittable power thereby making it compatible with the prevailing load demand. In this paper, various factors contributing to loss minimization in a.c networks were examined, and include the use of: shunt capacitors and reactors, synchronous capacitors, tap changing transformers, series capacitors e.t.c. Recommendations to minimize losses in the system were proffered in this study to ensure good power quality and security in the network.

Abstract: Management of heart disease complicating pregnancy in a tertiary care centre is a great challenge to obstetricians and cardiologists. To know the maternal perinatal outcome of heart disease complicating pregnancies so that the quality of treatment in a tertiary care centre can be improved. Cardiac disease in pregnant women most commonly due to RHD, CHD, less commonly due to ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Though the frequency of RHD has decreased worldwide but still in developing countries like India, RHD is predominant. Admission of heart disease in pregnant women is approximately 30 of 2278 total deliveries from the month of june2018 to august2018 in MGMGH. The purpose of this study is to analyse all heart diseases in pregnancy and to characterize the clinical course, treatment and perinatal outcome in antenatal and postnatal women. Details of all antenatal or women less than 6 weeks postpartum admitted to MGMGH in the month of june to august 2018 were reviewed. Obstetric data included gestational age at the time of delivery, type, indication , location of delivery, congenital , rheumatic heart disease, operated , newly diagnosed were categorised depending on the major system involved. Out of 2278 deliveries from june2018 to august2018 in MGMGH, Trichy, 30 were heart disease complicating pregnancy. Rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease were more common. Operated congenital heart disease was also more common. Postnatally most of them required ICU monitoring and management. Incidence of Postpartum cardiomyopathy was very less in this study. Early anticipation of complications and close monitoring in the antenatal and perinatal period decreased maternal morbidity and mortality.