An important milestone in the history of blood transfusion was the discovery of the ABO blood groups by Karl Landsteiner, followed by discovery of Rh (D) antigen. Landsteiner’s achievements lead to several discoveries in the field of immunohaematology. The ABO blood group is useful in selecting the appropriately matched blood group during blood transfusion, organ transplantation, finding out association of blood groups and diseases etc. ABO blood group system classifies blood groups of people into four different types namely A, B, O and AB. The need for the study of frequency distribution of blood group is multipurpose. This study was done to know the frequency distribution of blood groups among first year medical students. This study was conducted on 100 medical students in the Department of Physiology at CAIMS medical college in Karimnagar Telangana state. The blood samples were collected by finger prick method. ABO blood grouping and Rhesus factors (Rh) typing determined by glass slide method. Out of total 100 medical students who volunteered, 30 were males and 70 females. In our study, the most frequently occurring blood group was O ( 42%) followed by B group (29%), A group 17% ) and AB group(12% ) . 81% students were Rh positive whereas only 19% were Rh negative. This study may enable us to contact individuals belonging to a particular blood group at times of medical emergencies when blood transfusion is required.

This case report describes a A23-year-old female patient with a congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor whose missing lateral incisor tooth was rehabilitated using a dental implant which was restored with cemented e-max crown over gold abutment. As the patient is a young female and the implant was in the aesthetic area, placing immediate provisional restoration was the chosen method of restoration. The case reported presented illustrates a therapeutic strategy consisting of implant placement and immediate provisionalization. The treatment sequences were followed as recommended in the dental protocol. First, A maxillary surgical stent was prepared for the correct implant position, a submerged maxillary anterior single-tooth implant placed according to a standard protocol 3.5mmx10mmTC Prima Implant in the area of tooth 12. The implant’s shoulder was placed 2 mm apical to the cemento‐enamel junction of the adjacent teeth. Thereafter immediate temporization was done in two stages. First stage immediately after the implant placement then 3 months after. Lastly, a consistent and suitable follow-up program was applied. Conclusion: When sensibly selected and accomplished, our case report outcome indicates that this technique may provide promising immediate results relative to the aesthetic, maintenance and stability of the peri-implanted tissues as well as patients’ satisfaction, expectation and functionality.

Headlines remain the most significant part in news reports, for which they provide readers with the major information. Meanwhile, pragmatic presupposition focuses on the study of the relationships between utterances, context and participants in communication, thus being widely used in the design of news headlines. So this paper mainly analyzes English news headlines selected from China Daily from the perspective of pragmatic presupposition to explore how readers can quickly correlate news headlines with the news. The results confirm the functions of presupposition to provide worthwhile information and attract readers’ attention. Through the study, it’s intended to enable the readers with a better understanding of news headlines behind presupposition and help the news editors create more attractive headlines.

Food addiction is a new terminology that shares a similar neurobiological and behavioral framework with substance addiction. It was speculated that food addiction is incriminated in the current obesity epidemic. This study aims to assess the relationship between food addiction and impulsive personality traits among Zagazig University Students. Cross- sectional descriptive design was utilized in this study. The study was conducted in two health related faculties and two non-health related faculties at Zagazig University, Egypt. The sample type was purposive sample consisted of 480 students were included. Three tools were used for data collection: demographic data sheet, Yale Food Addiction Scale and Impulsive Behavior Scale. The results of the present study showed that the prevalence rate of food addiction was 39% and the prevalence rate of impulsive personality subscales (positive urgency, sensation seeking, premeditation, negative urgency and perseverance (8.8%, 10%, 0%, 5% & 0%) respectively. It also showed that food addiction has statistically significant positive correlation with impulsive personality traits. Food addiction had shown a significant effect on impulsive personality traits among Zagazig University Students. Educational programs should be encouraged for Zagazig University Students to decrease the prevalence of food addiction and its health consequences.

Elaborated on an otherization-based attitude, this article fends off the gloomy and shaky curtain of a reciprocal hate to spotlight the pang and travail which, indeed, turn the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized into a pugilistic day by day set-to. In his main right stuff to wedge apart the indigenous’ in-groupness spirit, the strangers from afar shake asunder the Canvas that fuel and abet the villagers’ topmost grit and mettle to stand against a bleak and threadbare existence. This being, the thought process browses through the abstruse questions of crime and guilt in a reference frame of colonization in Kenya and Nigeria. Likewise, the blueprint of poetic justice sounds like a clear-cut voice that meets justice in the name and by dint of a people’s cohesiveness and one-ness.

The acceptance of antenatal care (ANC) is generally poor and inadequate in many developing countries such as Sudan. The study was aimed to evaluate the attitudes of pregnant women towards antenatal care. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study one group, conducted among 150 pregnant women attending ANC, in Al-Hawata area. Their age ranged between (15 – 49) years, in first and second trimester. The data collected by using self-administered questionnaires for literate subjects and interviewer administered for illiterate. Statistically analyzed used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Finding: It was found that almost the variables such as education, number of antenatal visits, diet requirement during pregnancy has significant association with women's education, P Value =0.0001. Also the result of this study showed that there was (84 %) of study group changed to positive attitude post intervention with mean score 45.71 to 74.54. From the findings of the study periodic health education for pregnant women to raise awareness on antenatal care and minimize unhealthy cultural practices is recommended.

This paper reports on an action research which investigates the practicality of auxiliary communicative English courses offered for academic purpose in the tertiary level. The purpose is to explore the opinions of students and teachers about the effectiveness of syllabus at undergraduate level of Jahangirnagar University in Bangladesh. This qualitative study studies one hundred Students of Geography and Environmental Science Department from Jahangirnagar University. Both students and teachers are given questionnaire and interviewed for the study. Through data collection , this study finds out that the learners and the facilitators consider the syllabus is not experienced enough to enrich their communication skills properly as the apprentices lack practice and do not get enough exposure from that particular one course as the syllabus is not designed analyzing their needs. This study gives recommendations to teachers to restructure their syllabus after doing a needs analysis in relation to a particular subject to make it more effective and real for the respective learners.

Solid waste management has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing environmentalprotection agencies and the communities in developing countries and the increasing waste generation has become a topic of water pollution and environmental concern in the metropolis.This study seeks to evaluate the management of solid waste in Lagos State and proffers workable solutions to these challenges which will improve environmental sustainability.In this study, solid waste management challenges are characterized by inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system and some level of improper waste disposal. Observation of the environment, and direct interviews with people in the area was also conducted. The data obtained were analyzed and the study indicates that wastes generation, sorting, handling and disposal were mostly implicated, and that dumping and landfill are some of the current methods being adopted in the disposal of wastes within Lagos, composting and incineration are less often adopted just as industry best practice methods like recycling and re-use are less frequently used. It was also seen that the main type of waste disposal system used in Ajah is the PSP, which is meant to make waste management better, but due to challenges in pick up times, it seems to have a drawback. The analysis shows us that the use of PSP is the most prominent waste disposal system practiced but with a challenge of pick up timing. The most generated type of waste within the study area happens to be the food waste. To this effect, recommendations were given to bring solutions as follows;People should be treated as active partners in the process of change, there will be a more likely successful situation of waste management; Relevant information should be presented to the people and even with an increase of awareness to a certain level, additional monitoring and sustained management over a long period of time is necessary; The monthly environmental sanitation practice should be taken more seriously and the waste collection trucks from LAWMA should immediately after the sanitation if not during the sanitation, go round to collect the refuse that will be heaped on roads during the sanitation practice; The state assembly should formulate laws on waste management which will go as far as individual waste practice and ensure that the laws are enforced by government agencies; Monthly awards to neatest areas should be instituted to encourage the people of the areas to keep their environment clean always by properly handling and storing their wastes. Government should not only make laws, but sponsor public health and environmental education programmes regularly and also make environmental education part of the education curriculum at all school levels.

This article considers the rise in popularity of interdisciplinary courses that explore the rich and illuminating relationships between Literature and Law, both as subjects of academic study, and for their relevance to the wider world. The history of the two disciplines in England and America is briefly traced, to gain some insight into their complex interconnectedness; from the era of classical Greece, until the twenty-first century. Consideration of the distinction developed in the Oresteia of Aeschylus, between revenge, on the one hand, and lawful justice, on the other, is followed by discussions of the interrelationship between law and literature in the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle respectively. In the era of Republican Rome, the seminal figure of Cicero, as legislator and rhetorician, is highlighted for his influence on European concepts of law and the legal profession, and the impact of his style on Renaissance humanism. William Shakespeare’s interest in legal themes and the nature of justice, is then briefly addressed. The American Founding Fathers’ passion for both literature and legal matters, is regarded as having had a profound effect on the framing of the American Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, both in style and in content. Finally, there is a brief overview of recent interdisciplinary initiatives in Departments of Law and English Literature, in Britain and the United States. The ongoing and complex connections between Literature and Law continue to offer a fruitful field, for a study whose implications have only just begun to be explored.

Abstract: The socio-economic status of the family affects the offspring’s participation in physical activities and sports in school or outside the school. The current study aimed to assess the effect of socio-economic status determined by family income, parental education and parental occupation on the sports participations and the perception about participation barriers among sports and non-sports participants in higher education in the UAE. The study demonstrated a higher prevalence of female students among non-participants and a trend of lower participation among students from low income, parents’ education and occupation. The socioeconomic status components showed influences on the students’ perception on barriers of sports participation. Low parents’ education was related to more significant perception of peer pressure barrier among participants. Similarly, low income and parents’ education were related to considering sociocultural barrier as an important barrier among non-participants. Unexpectedly, high income and parents’ education were related consider low priority and lack of interest as significant barriers among participants. The study re-emphasizes the effect of the socioeconomic status on sports participation and the university students’ perception for participation.

This paper aims at analyzing and evaluating English syllabuses of technology-centric universities of Bangadesh. The findings are analyzed from the perspective of document analysis. To collect data six departmental syllabuses have been selected from six technology-centric universities in Bangladesh. From the data it was found that the syllabuses were not sophisticated enough in terms of enhancing four language skills of the learners as the syllabuses do not cover four language skills equally. Reading and writing skills are the major focuses of the syllabuses. Little attention is paid to speaking and listening skills. On the basis of inadequacies of the syllabuses, several recommendations are made in order to develop the four English language skills of the learners, rather than focusing on merely reading and writing skills. All of the universities must provide language lab facilities so that the teachers can give importance to listening and speaking skills. Well-written aims and objectives must be included in the syllabuses. Teaching aids or materials, teaching methods and techniques, assessment techniques and reference books should be mentioned in the syllabuses for the guideline of the teachers.

Abstract: Pain in the neck can be more than just a hassle. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the role of Maitland mobilization and stretching exercises along hot pack therapy in both groups. Total 30 subjects were selected and divided into group A & B sample was collected through simple random sampling with chronic cervical pain and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The treatment was gives as: Group A: Maitland mobilization of cervical spine along with hot pack. Group B: Cervical stretching exercises along with hot pack. This study was a comparative experimental study and it used assessment form, consent form, examination couch, Goniometer, Visual Analogue Scale, Neck Disability Index Scale and Hot pack. Patients were evaluated for their pain profile using VAS, their ROM using the Goniometer and neck disability using NDIS. Time Frame for this study and data collection was one year and the source of data was Liaquat National Hospital Physiotherapy Out Patients Department, Karachi, Pakistan. Pre and post treatment parameters were collected on assessment form and later evaluated further on SPSS 21 through independent sample T-test. The results indicated that both techniques produced a hypoalgesic effect as revealed by improved NDIS and decreased VAS. Both the techniques when compared with each other with respect to post treatment NDIS, VAS and ROM, showed significance difference (VAS P= 0.012, NDIS P= 0.042, Cervical Ranges < 0.05).The combination of all findings has supported the use of Maitland technique in chronic cervical pain.

The essence of poetry lies in its expression of emotions, as is the case with poetry translation, which aims not only to express the meaning, but more importantly, to convey the emotions in the original poem. The study of Pound’s Cathay explores into the gains and losses in his translation of emotions from his idea of “Energy in Language” as well as his creative translation. The translation practice in Cathay shows that his two strategies of image juxtaposition and absolute rhythm have greatly enhanced the emotional effect in poetry translation. However, what cannot be neglected is that due to the distinct cultural background, there have been misreading about the poetry images and misunderstanding of the form of Chinese poetry, which inevitably lead to loss of emotional effect in poetry translation. It is hoped that this study can enlighten poetry translators and arouse their attention to the translation of emotions in poetry to gradually improve the translation quality of classical Chinese poetry.

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to know about prevelance of back pain among physicaltherapist and how early they are affected by this problem.They are potentially exposed to back pain due to occupational risks such as poor working postures and frequent manual handling activities, often undertaken in difficult environments and with variable training regarding personal safety.This study was planned to collect data about prevalence and responses to work related back pain reported by physical therapist employed in Karachi – Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was constructed as the data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed among 90 physical therapists randomly selected from Liaquat national hospital, Agha Khan University, Ziauddin hospital and National medical centre. The questions included occupational history of physical therapist and musculoskeletal symptoms, special areas, tasks, job – related risk factors and response to injuries. The possible injuries occurred mostly in lower back. The highest risk factors in causing the injury was transferring the patients and lifting. Other job risk factors were sustained demanding postures, manual therapy techniques, repetitions and excessive work loads. Most injured physical therapist modified their techniques for continueing work by modifying body mechanics, increased use of physio aids, frequent change of work position. Among all physical therapists, 43% physical therapists had complained mild back pain, 41.9% physical therapists had complained moderate back pain and 6.5% physical therapists had complained severe back pain.The lower back was the most frequently affected body part. Onset of symptoms for the majority was within five to ten years of practices.

Poetry is one of the greatest treasures of Chinese literature and culture. We aim to explore into the actualization of image-gestalt (referred to as image-G) in conveying the original poetic realm in poetry translation. In this article, the images-G in different poetry translations are analyzed under three circumstances: “emotions are born out of sceneries”; 2) “sceneries are influenced by emotions”; and 3) “emotions are co-existent with sceneries”, so as to realize the reproduction of the Image-G in literary translation. It will bring enlightenment to researchers who study the English translation of Chinese poetry from a new perspective.