The need to consolidate and complete the development progress driven by the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) and ensure that no one is left behind led world leaders to gather at the UN Headquarters in New York in September 2015 to adopt a new program on sustainable development. The SDGs provide a more ambitious international framework for driving progress between 2016 and 2030. A review of the MDGs implementation in Nigeria reveals that the country registered mixed results across the goals, geographic areas and gender groups. Even though, there are some progresses on some indicators, many of the goals and targets were not met. This is in view of the fact that the Nigerian Government did so many things in order to achieve the set goals. The debates surrounding the SDGs have mainly concerned with the setting of goals and indicators while less attention has been paid to discussing the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders towards achieving these goals, and how to best implement this universal framework at the local level. Given the scope and ambition of the SDGs, it is clear that governments alone cannot achieve the agenda. Therefore, building vibrant and systematic partnerships with other stakeholders is a vital prerequisite for the successful implementation of a transformative agenda to accelerate poverty reduction and sustainable development goals. The objective of this paper is to explore the role of CSOs, VOPEs, private sector and the media towards achieving the SDGs in Nigeria.

The world of higher and further education has been changing rapidly and there has been a shift towards online education. Professional and regulatory bodies are indicating the importance of catering for online higher education. However, it is important to consider the effectiveness of online education in the development of skills required by the employers. As South Africa is facing high unemployment, graduating students should be equipped with more than just the qualification they registered to complete; they need to be employable. This article attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of a business related online learning module in order to develop skills in graduates which are desired by employers.

The incidence of inguinal hernia is very common especially in older individuals. Often patients are unaware of the presence due to absence of any symptoms unless detected accidentally or detected in those causing presence of pain or other symptoms. The anterior open inguinal hernia repair with mesh was described by Lichtenstein in 1989. This tension free operation has become popular. We in the present study operated on the patients with uncomplicated unilateral inguinal hernia with Lichtenstein tension free technique under Local Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia to evaluate their outcomes. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. A total of 74 patients admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of uncomplicated inguinal hernia were included in the study. They were divided into two groups Group I (LA) included 36 patients and group II [GA] 38 patients. The investigations required as routine for diagnosis and to test the sensitivity to the local anesthetic night before surgery. Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty is performed irrespective of type of anesthesia. The postoperative pain was measured with the Visual analogue scale (VAS) at 4h, 8h, 12h & 24h. Results: Mean time taken for duration of surgery in LA group is 58.8 + 6.02 minutes & in SA group is 56.6 + 6.74 minutes. P = 0.246 not significant. Mean time spent in operating room in LA group is 68.1 + 6.35 minutes & in SA group is 76.4+6.52 minutes with a significant P value of <0.01. The mean VAS score at 4h, 8h, 12 h, & 24h for LA group was low when compared to the SA group. The maximum VAS score was observed at 8h in both the groups and less in LA group at 3.13 ± 1.26 as compared to SA group 4.31 ± 1.66 at 12 hours also VAS was less in LA at 1.97 ± 1.02 as compared to SA 3.15 ± 1.88. Conclusion: From our study it is observed that Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty done under local anesthesia offers following several advantages over spinal anesthesia and it is Safer even in the patients with medical comorbidities and on antiplatelet therapy. Therefore local anesthesia may be considered as the anesthesia of choice for Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty for an uncomplicated, primary, inguinal hernia

Nursing Process is a process used to prevent, identify and treat potential or actual health problems & promote wellness (Carlson, 2010). Regardless of nurse knowledge on nursing process, certain features limit the capability of nurses to implement it in their practice, including lesser time, patient volume high, patient turnover. To assess the Nurses‟ attitude towards the nursing process in a public tertiary care hospital Lahore. Cross-sectional descriptive design was used to evaluate the attitude of nurses towards nursing process among clinical nurses working in Mayo Hospital. Sample size was selected by convenient selection and a sample n=150 staff nurses from medical, surgical and emergency ward were selected. A well-structured questionnaire with closed ended Likert scale is adopted from the previous studies. “Nurses‟ Attitude to Nursing Process” Prideaux, 1991. This questionnaire was distributed among clinical nurses of medical, surgical and emergency ward in Mayo hospital. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21 is statistical computer software for data analysis. The findings reveals that majority of the participants 78.76% were having negative attitude towards the nursing process, having attitude score of 75% or above while 21.33% of the participants had positive attitude towards the nursing process and got attitude score of above 75% score. Overall the attitude of nurses was not positive and majority had negative attitude, which need special attention.

Abstract: The discovery of precancerous breast lesions has increased considerably with the generalization of screening. There are several classifications, the most used is that of Tavassoli and Al (adopted by WHO) which classifies intra-lobular breast neoplasia into three grades: LIN1, LIN2, LIN3. Lobular neoplasias are considered indicators of risk of invasive cancer. Progress in immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and molecular biology, made it possible to better understand these lesions separating lesions that can be considered as simple breast cancer risk markers (LIN 1, LIN 2, LIN 3 type I) from those that correspond to true precursors of breast cancer (LIN 3 types II and III ). The management varies according to the histological type. The early diagnosis of these lesions thanks to the screening as well as a good management could help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Trauma remains one of the principal causes of mortality in the world, especially among young adults. The most serious immediate life-threatening complication following maxillofacial trauma is airway obstruction. The onset can be sudden, as with foreign body aspiration, or following soft-tissue damage that can lead at a later stage to airway-compromising edema. The medical literature regarding facial trauma appears to support the hypothesis that maxillofacial trauma alone is rarely life threatening or will not lead to life-threatening conditions unless associated with airway compromise. There are some causes of life threatening complications following trauma to the maxillofacial region such as massive bleeding or undiagnosed cervical spine injury. However, there are some situations that may cause irreversible damage unless immediate operation is undertaken. The almost complete lack of reports dealing with death or irreversible damage in trauma involving the maxillofacial region prompted us to review the mortality following trauma to the maxillofacial region.

The paper is providing a theoretical review of key pricing approaches which were divided as the following: Price fixing, Predatory pricing, deceptive pricing, price discrimination, penetration pricing and unfair pricing. The paper also explores a price fairness framework to provide further clarity on how fair pricing is being developed and perceived. Several key points are provided as recommendations for firms to enhance their ethical and fair pricing practices based on the research conducted.

The chest tube is used to restore the intra pleural pressure and to prevent the collapse of lungs. Chest tube management includes the actions to keep the tube functioning properly, which is the prime role of nurses while caring of patients with chest tube drainage Elfeky, 2013. The main objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge regarding chest drains care among staff nurses of Mayo hospital Lahore. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding chest drains care. A Convenient sample technique was used in this research study. A sample of n=150 was recruited. The main instrument for Information was questionnaire adopted from the research (Danish Ruhel 2013). The questionnaires were divided into two sections. Section 1 comprised of demographic information of respondents; Section two consist of knowledge based questions. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. The results are shown below. The finding of this study shows that among the participants 24% had poor knowledge of chest drainage care and they answered 13 or less correct answers off the 23 questions being asked. 24% of the participants had moderate knowledge and scored 14-19 correct responses, while 40% of the study participants had good knowledge of drainage care and answered above 19 correct responses. Overall there was a satisfactory level of knowledge regarding the chest tube drainage care among nurses of the selected hospital in Lahore.

One of the fundamental rights the FDRE Constitution acknowledges is the freedom of political party membership. To this effect, the Revised Political Parties Registration Proclamation, which regulates the details of political party membership, allows a political party member to withdraw from membership at any time. It does not provide for any formality. However, the Cassation Bench of the Federal Supreme Court has decided in Unity for Justice and Democracy Party v Blue Party (File No.112091, decided on 06 May 2015 (Miyazia 28, 2007 E.C.) that a political party member cannot withdraw and be a member of another political party without notifying the former political party in writing. This case comment examines the appropriateness of this decision from the perspective of the right to political party membership. The case comment analyses the constitutional and legal provisions pertinent to the right to political party membership in Ethiopia. Relevant provisions of international human rights instruments are also explored. To share a lesson from comparative experience, the experience of the Israeli and Kenyan legal systems is examined. This author argues that the law does not require a written withdrawal notice. This enables a political party member to terminate his/her membership not only with written withdrawal notice rather by all other possible ways, including by taking new membership in another political party.

Competition of the world of education, especially universities at this time so rapidly for public and private universities. This study aims to determine the preference of prospective students and students in selecting universities in Gorontalo Province. This research uses a quantitative approach by conducting a survey to a number of prospective students who enroll in a number of universities or universities in Gorontalo. The results of research show the most considered factors by respondents (students and students) in choosing a college to continue study is the choice of study program, preferences in choosing a college is the reputation of a college and the encouragement of parents. Costs are no longer the most calculated factor in the selection of universities.

Bad obstetric history(BOH) is specific to women specially during childbearing age, causes by TORCH group (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus) and others agents like Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HIV,etc The objective of the study is to evaluate the incidence of TORCH infections in pregnancy wastage in women with bad obstetric history (BOH).The study included 200 women aging from 15 to over than 46years with bad obstetric history and 75 clinically normal women with previous normal full term deliveries. Serological evaluation for TORCH infections was carried out by IgM ELISA method. Seropositivity for toxoplasma was 27.33%, rubella 21.66%, cytomegalovirus 34.33% and herpes simplex virus 17.66 with high frequency of stillbirths 94.11 %, Maximum number of cases of abortion (27.27%), intrauterine growth retardation (9.37%), intrauterine death (17.64%) and preterm labor (18.18%) was associated with toxoplasma infection. Seropositivity in women with BOH is demonstrates a strong association between the infectious agents (Toxoplasma, Rubella and CMV)) A previous history of pregnancy wastage and the serological reaction for TORCH infections during current pregnancy must be considered while managing BOH cases so as to reduce the adverse fetal outcome.

Jean Rhys‟s best-known postcolonial novel Wide Sargasso Sea has always been regarded as a prequel to Charlotte Bronte‟s Jane Eyre by shifting the focus from Jane to “the mad woman in the attic.” It is a novel filled with tragedy and it inquires into the production of knowledge about racial identity tragedy, especially the white Creole women‟s identity tragedy. The paper attempts to provide a comprehensive view of the “mad woman” Antoinette, who was caught between the control of English imperialist and racial class tension in Wide Sargasso Sea and try to prove that Antoinette‟s identity tragedy is the result of “being voiceless.”

Pakistan joined the War on Terror (WOT) shortly after the 9/11 incident and helped United States in eliminating extremists and terrorists networks in Afghanistan. Resultantly, Pakistan is facing horrible security issues inside its territory. This paper analysis the various reasons behind loopholes in the security issues of Pakistan and why the incidents of terrorism have increased over the years

The translator, as the subject during the process of translation, is the most important and active factor in translation, whose subjectivity plays a key role in the translation practice. Not until the 1960s, did some researchers start to study the role of the translator in the process of the translation. Based on the previous studies on the subjectivity of the translator at home and abroad, this study mainly focuses on the subjectivity of the translator from cultural perspective. And it makes an analysis of the factors that influence translator’s subjectivity from three aspects: translation standards, purpose of translator and personal experiences of the translator. The conclusion is of great importance and practical value to cultural communication and the teaching of foreign language.

Abstract: The obesity, factor of morbidity and mortality, is considered as a real health public problem. In gynecology, its consequences on the fertility and the contraception are severing and the obesity is at the origin of important obstetric complications that must make consider these pregnancies as at risk. Our practices have to take into account these complications by assuring an adapted and premature care to improve the maternal and neonatal outcomes.