In the past two decades, sustainability has been a significant concern when planning cities. As a consequence of development occurring in cities, its essence to people is discounted. An example of this is Doha, Qatar‟s capital, which has undergone massive urban developments because of the post-WWII discovery and production of oil and gas. Doha‟s urban fabric has been transformed from a rational, people-based, and environmentally adapted design into zoning and transportation dependent planning. However, in the past few years, Doha has started to adopt sustainability-driven urban planning policies. For example, development of the new city Lusail has legislation and design regulations directed towards sustainable planning. Therefore, this research study is focused on the urban planning of a neighbourhood in Al Wakra, Qatar. The focus is on its relationship to the old city layout and the possible implementation of sustainability principles in present-day development in the area. The study also develops strategies and design that utilize sustainability principles. The study process includes a literature review, data collection, detailed site analysis, and exploration of present and historic plans for Al Wakra. Additionally, various alternatives that follow specific strategies are generated to identify a desirable approach for the neighbourhood. Furthermore, the strategies highlight actions needed to implement the development concept. As a result, the study generates an ideal approach for the further development of Al Wakra. Furthermore, the findings can act as a reference for similar developments with a comparable climate, surroundings, environment, size, and population.

Abstract: The oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species released during smoking can play a significant role in pathogenesis and development of Chronic Bronchitis. This study is conducted to evaluate serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) a lipid peroxidation product as a marker of oxidative stress and vitamin C major antioxidant in body in chronic bronchitis patients and healthy controls. Comprised of 80 subjects, 40 healthy controls and 40 chronic bronchitis cases were included. Kei Satoh method used for measuring MDA and Serum vitamin C was estimated by method 2,4-Dintrophenyl hydrazine method Serum MDA a lipid peroxidation product from cell membrane considered as marker of oxidative stress was elevated in chronic bronchitis patients when compared to healthy controls where as serum level of vitamin C major antioxidant significantly decreased in chronic bronchitis patients when compared to controls.. MDA maker is of oxidative injury significantly increased in chronic bronchitis cases which is likely associated with active smoking habit and also be due to systemic inflammation. The decrease in level of antioxidant capacity in chronic bronchitis patients appears likely consequence of higher oxidative stress and increased consumption of antioxidants. By stopping smoking and advising antioxidant rich food may halt the further progression of chronic bronchitis disease.

Systemically reviewing the topic Mandibular Third Molar Impaction and its components: prevalence, causes, classifications, complications, and managements. All studies pertaining to the topic and its components were included. Exclusion criteria were applied to exclude studies that were not PubMed indexed. The materials and methods used for this systemic review were to search in the PubMed database, using specific words "Mandibular Third Molar Impaction, Prevalence, Causes, Classifications, Complications, and Managements” and published in the English language. The articles were reviewed, 25 papers were identified in PubMed but a total of 20 papers were included in the final systemic review according to the specific keywords and materials mentioned above. The occurrence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction can be seen in everyday routine oral surgery practice. The prevalence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction is remarkable but varied from one study to another. Causes were investigated showing a multifactorial tendency. Classifications are very essential for diagnosing different types of impaction. Diverse Complications related to Mandibular Third Molar Impaction are possible, yet avoidable. Management was reviewed showing a verity of treatment modalities.

The trend of e-commerce has been catching up in the country with high rates of domestic and local companies using the e-business model to do business very different from the traditional way of doing business in India. This study is trying to Estimate and understand the consumer attitude and factors influencing their behaviour for choosing E-commerce sites and to succeed in those procedures and Find out new opportunities. The study is based in primary data collected by questionnaire on students of Aligarh Muslim University the study conclude that With the increasing middle class people and more disposable incomes, people are now shopping more frequently. Access to affordable internet and increasing number of smartphone users have resulted in more online buyers.

The endodontic preparation of curved and narrow root canals is challenging. Aggressive preparation of the root canal with rotary file systems may result in canal transportation and excess removal of dentine, a major reason for poor prognosis of root canal treated tooth. The purpose of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper Next (PTN) and HyFlex EDM file systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in curved root canals. Forty extracted human mandibular first molars were mounted on acrylic blocks. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group PTN (ProTaper Next) and Group HF (HyFlex EDM). Mesiobuccal canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next and HyFlex EDM rotary files. Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation scans were performed using CBCT under similar conditions. Canal transportation, centering ratio and volume of the dentine removed were evaluated at 3 cross-section levels; 3-mm, 6-mm and 9- mm from the root apex. The data were statistically analyzed and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Canal transportation was seen minimal with HyFlex EDM (0.021±0.009) at 3mm from the apex and maximum with ProTaper Next (0.028±0.021) at 9mm from the apex. Mean centering ratio was lower for HyFlex EDM to ProTaper Next at all levels. Both Pro Taper Next and HyFlex EDM systems shaped the canals with adequate centering ability and minimal canal transportation. Hyflex EDM better maintained canal centricity but the difference was not statistically significant.

Abstract: Some meat and dairy products contain small amounts of naturally occurring trans fat. But most trans fat is formed through an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oil, which causes the oil to become solid at room temperature. This partially hydrogenated oil is less likely to spoil, so foods made with it have a longer shelf life. Some restaurants use partially hydrogenated vegetable oil in their deep fryers, because it doesn't have to be changed as often as do other oils. High intakes of industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) increase circulating low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which has implicated iTFA in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Published data on iTFA and LDL-C, however, represent higher intake levels than the U.S. population currently consume. Number of studies is under process. Findings indicated that a wide range of oils and interventions were used, limiting the ability to determine an isolated effect of iTFA intake. Further, it appears that few dose-response data points are available to assess the relationship of low levels of iTFA, particularly from PHO exposure, and LDL-C. Therefore, limited evidence is available to determine the effect of iTFA at current consumption levels on CHD risk.

Part-time students are distracted by too many competing demands on their time because of work or family commitments. As a result they are not as involved as other students. This is problematic because what students gain from their college experience depends a lot on how much time and effort students put into their educationally purposeful activities. This study sought to find out challenges encountered by part-time students in selected public universities in Kenya. The study was based on student engagement theory. Data was collected from part-time students, games tutors, deans of students, officials of clubs and societies. Simple random sampling was used to select students while purposeful sampling was used to select games tutors, deans of students and officials of clubs and societies. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and interview schedules. The analysis of the qualitative data followed the path of aggregating the words or images into categories of information and presented the diversity of ideas gathered during data collection. The study established that majority of the part-time students lacked time to participate in social activities in the universities. They spent most of their time travelling or looking for means of transport. The study further established that part-time students lacked information on the social activities in the university that they could participate in. It is hoped that the findings of the study will be useful to university management in understanding the part-time students’ social needs and satisfaction predictors so as to keep part-time students more engaged with their academic work and perform well in their examinations.

Abstract: Neuroinflammation, mediated by the reactivity of the system of cytokines, accompanies the flow of amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease, alongside with disturbances in the work of central departments of the olfaction analyzer. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the reactivity of the cytokine system in the brain sections of elderly rats (neocortex, hippocampus, olfaction bulbs, hypothalamus, caudate nuclei) under the conditions of the bulbar effect of β-amyloid peptide aggregates. The content of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in the brain sections of the rats having the age of 18 months (n = 24) that are being studied was determined 5 days after the intrabulbar injection of the suspension of β-amyloid peptide 40 (Amyloid β Protein Fragment 1-40, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in the bidistilate or the solvent itself. It has been shown that the initial level of activity of the cytokine system (intact animals of the control group, n = 8) in the brain sections that are tangent to the olfaction analyzer (neocortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulbs) is probably lower in comparison to other parts (hypothalamus and caudate nucleus) of elderly rats. Intraubulbar injection of β-amyloid peptide 40 aggregates to elderly rats (experimental group, n = 8) increases the activity of the cytokine system in the brain structures distant from the spot of injection (neocortex and hippocampus) responsible for memory mechanisms. It has been determined that the reactivity of the cytokine system in the neocortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus is higher not only in response to the specific toxic effects of the β-amyloid peptide 40 aggregates (experimental group, n = 8), but also due to surgical intervention with the injection of solvent alone (comparison group, n = 8). It has been generalized that the low content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in phylogenetically younger parts of the brain (neocortex, hippocampus) of intact animals corresponded to increased reactivity of the cytokine system under the influence of exogenous β-amyloid peptide 40.

The translation of English for science and technology (abbreviation for EST) in the internet era caters to the needs of the market and boasts a promising prospect. EST is a kind of informational text characterized by its scientific seriousness, requiring the translator to demonstrate the accuracy and logicality in translated text. Results show that the figure-ground theory can be well applied to spatial orientation analysis, temporal event analysis, and syntactic analysis. Regarding the complex sentences, Tamly put forward five principles of figure-ground theory including sequence principle, cause-result principle, inclusion principle, contingency principle and substitution principle. Taking petroleum EST as the research object, this paper applies the five related principles to the syntactic analysis of long and complex sentences with examples.

Abstract: Despite achievements in antenatal health care, the incidence of maternal mortality and morbidity remains high in India. Lack of efficient obstetric services at primary level lead to more referrals. This study addresses scenario of obstetric care in women referred to a Rural Medical College Hospital located in Central India. This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care Institute in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh over a period of 1 year from July 2016 to June 2017. Various parameters studied include distance of referral center, time from referral decision to hospital admission, causes for referral, mode of delivery; and maternal and perinatal outcome. Total number of referred cases in study period was 100 which were 6.68% of total deliveries in the hospital. Fifty percent cases were referred from the city District hospital and travelled less than 10 kilometers reaching within 6 hours of referral. Most common cause of referral was preeclampsia (16%) followed by previous cesarean delivery and fetal distress (13%). Fifty two underwent emergency cesarean delivery, 43 had a vaginal delivery and 4 cases were managed conservatively. Perinatal mortality was 13 and 24 required NICU admission. Inspite of financial aids provided by Government of India majority of referrals were from city District hospital indicating lack of efficient operative facilities and emergency obstetric care. Strengthening of infrastructure, qualified medical and paramedical staff of Civil Hospital may help in improving maternal care. Triage at primary centers might help in lessening burden on tertiary centers and also facilitate specific referral.

Exchange rate is an important macroeconomic variable that economic planners, policymakers as well as governments all over the world monitor very closely. This may be because volatility in exchange rate is capable of putting an entire nation in an acute state of disequilibrium. In Nigeria, economists and other stakeholders have continued to make relevant efforts to restore normalcy/stability to the nation’s exchange rate that has been subjected to severe rate of volatility in recent years. The Nigerian industrial sector remains a potentially viable alternative amidst the incessant widespread calls for diversification of the Nigerian economy. As such, it is not against conventional wisdom to say that since industrialisation may involve importation (of raw materials), exportation (of finished goods) or both; one may not be wrong to expect a link with exchange rate. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between exchange rate volatility and industrial sector performance in Nigeria using quarterly time series data spanning from 1980Q1 to 2016Q4. The researchers relied on the use of OLS multiple regression technique for analysis while exchange rate volatility was generated using Exponential Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH). The result showed that exchange rate volatility is inversely related to industrial sector performance (using industrial sector contribution to GDP as a proxy) in Nigeria. Furthermore, trade openness was observed to have a negative sign (though statistically insignificant) while exchange rate and interest were also found to be strong and significant positive drivers of industrial sector performance in Nigeria. Following the findings, the Nigeria government and other stakeholders are advised to hasten efforts to arrest the perennial fluctuations in exchange rate in the country in order to stimulate expansion of productivity in industrial sector.

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Electron microscopic studies bestowed significantly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease process in GN. Its value has been strongly confirmed in diagnosis of glomerular diseases. To establish the role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases, in order to introduce services and to improve the histopathological standards of diagnosis of renal disease. Different patterns of EM in the different types of glomerular diseases in 132 renal biopsies from patients with glomerular diseases were evaluated. These specimens were stained and examined under the light microscopy (LM) then compared by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) findings. The most frequent types of glomerular disease was minimal change disease (22.7%), followed by lupus nephritis (20.5%). LM failed to diagnose the minimal change disease and Alport’s syndrome. In this study EM was found necessary in diagnosis of 37 cases (28%), supportive in diagnosis of 17 cases (12.9%) and not required in 79 (59.8%) of cases. The current study supported what had been concluded in the previous studies; EM still has an integral role and necessary for diagnosis of certain glomerularpathies e.g. minimal change disease.

According to the development trend of the transportation industry and rapid economic growth, China has carried out strategic layout and planning routes for the transportation industry. The National Development and Reform Commission have also issued a number of documents that promote the construction of a modern transportation system, and promote transportation projects such as railways, waterways, airports, and urban transportation. Besides, it continuously invests large amounts of money in companies in the transportation industry. The mission of companies in the transportation industry is of great importance. It can be seen that China’s transportation industry is at a stage of rapid development, and it has received strong support from the government. Nevertheless, it still has a long way to go. To improve the transportation infrastructure of the nation, companies in the transportation industry must strive to improve their corporate performance. This paper empirically investigates the impact of factors such as financial factors, internal operations, and corporate growth on the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry, with the aim of helping listed companies in the transportation industry to develop a sound corporate strategy and conduct standardized and effective management to improve corporate performance. This paper selects data of 42 listed companies in the transportation industry from 2012 to 2016, and utilizes the fixed effect model that controls heteroskedasticity to analyze influencing factors of the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Empirical results show that core ratio, return on personnel, long-term debt ratio, and quality of staff positively influences the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Factors such as operation cost ratio, managerial cost ratio, size, and delay ratio have a negative impact on the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Policy implications are proposed accordingly.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lifestyle and price perceptions on purchasing decisions or guest decisions to stay at a hotel. The population is guests staying at the Patra Jasa Semarang Convention Hotel, with a sample of 98 respondents. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling sampling method. The analytical tool of this study uses multiple linear regression where previously tested its validity and reliability. Test results show that lifestyle is proven to influence guest decisions in defense, and price perception has a positive influence on the decision to stay

The study measured the impact of exchange rate to financial remittance in Nigeria for the period 1990 to 2016 using the traditional ordinary least square method for estimation. Also, empirical and theoretical evidence from Nigeria. Africa and the continent was compared. The analyses of the OLS regression showed evidence that real effective exchange rate positively and significantly impacted on financial remittance in Nigeria. Similarly, estimates from the ordinary least square model provide evidence to show that exchange rate also positively significantly impacted on other macroeconomic variables such as money supply but negatively to economic growth under the period of the study. The result points to the fact that the macroeconomic variables and financial remittance in Nigeria if well managed can engineer the Nigerian economy to greater growth.