The present study examined the anticonvulsant activity of the methanol stem bark extract of PK in mice and day old chicks against maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), picrotoxin (PIC), and strychnine (STR) induced seizures. The CNS depressant ability of the extract was also investigated using diazepam-induced sleep test, and it was observed to significantly and dose dependently increase the sleep duration in the diazepam sleep test. The extract and fractions significantly and dose dependently increase the latency to onset of seizure in the PTZ and picrotoxin tests. In the strychnine test, the extract significantly increased the latency to seizure onset at the highest dose of 200 mg/kg, though none of the mice was protected from seizure as was the case with PTZ and PIC induced seizures. Considering the overall effect of PK, it may be concluded that the extract contains bioactive principles acting via enhancement of GABA inhibitory activity, and a second possibility via antagonism of the glutamate-NMDA receptors

Dermatoglyphics is the branch of science concerned with the study of prints on the fingers, palm, soles, and feet. This branch of science is an offshoot of anatomical sciences. Dermatoglyphics as an aspect of science has been studied widely by lots of ardent researchers and have been used to solve lots of problems relating to peoples’ identity and ancestry. Although, dermatoglyphics can be studied at three levels (1, 2, and 3) only level 1 (arches, loops, and whorls) have been explored. 99.9% of the works on dermatoglyphics is at level 1 but no Nigerian indigenous works have been done at level 2 (bifurcations, trifurcations, bridges, ridge ending, enclosures, dots, opposed bifurcations, double bifurcations, island etc). This raises the question, what about level 2 and 3 study? There exist a large vacuum at level 2 dermatoglyphics which should be filled by researchers especially indigenous authors which will help create database for level 2 details in Nigerian population. This to large extent could be used to solve problems relating to ancestral origin which has become an issue in most African populations especially Nigeria. This review serves to help provide a step by step procedure to doing a study on dermatoglyphics at level 2 in Nigerian indigenous populations and Africa at large. The review of papers on this subject serves to expose the gap in this area as compared to the several works done at level 1 and to spore researchers to do more studies on this subject to raise an indigenous data bank for Nigerian populations

Intravenous induction agents Propofol and Thiopentone are commonly used in obstetric anesthesia. We in the present study tried to compare the effects of Propofol and thiopentone on hemodynamics, Heart rate in the pregnant ladies undergoing Cesarean sections. Methods A total of 60 patients were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Propofol group (n=30) and Thiopentone group (n=30). The dosage was calculated to body weight 5mg/Kg for thiopentone and 2.5mg/Kg for Propofol. The mean induction time in Propofol group was 20.95 seconds and Thiopentone group as 26.5 seconds. There was smooth induction in 86.67% of the patients of Propofol group and 13.33% had disturbed induction. In the Thiopentone group, 76.67% had smooth induction and 23.33% had disturbed induction. No induction failure was encountered in this study and all patients were unconscious after 45 seconds. The total duration of surgery in propofol group was 70 ± 20 minutes and in thiopentone group was 85 ± 27. The time to extubation in Propofol group was 8.5 ± 2.60 and Thiopentone group was 7.0 ± 3.56. The Arterial Blood gas analysis after surgery shows average values of PaO2 in Propofol group and 87.5 ± 2.1 and thiopentone group 88.6 ± 1.8 and PaCO2 in propofol group 38.6 ± 2.05 and thiopentone 38.4 ± 2.5 mmHg. The mean SBP at the baseline of Propofol group was 124.05 ± 10.5 mmHg, while for Thiopentone group it was 124.05 ± 10.5 mmHg. The mean DBP at the baseline in propofol group was 76.5 ± 10.2 and thiopentone group was 78.8 ± 6.8. The heart rates were 80.5 ± 7.8 beats/min and 83.5 ± 8.8 beats/min in propofol and thiopentone group. The mean changes at the time of induction in heart rate of propofol group were 18 beats/min and the mean change of heart in thiopentone group was 23 beats/min. The mean SBP change during induction in Propofol group was -2.8mmHg and DBP change was -2.0 mmHg. In thiopentone group SBP change was -2.55mmHg and DBP change was -1.3 mmHg. Conclusion: Propofol has rapid actions and does not have any adverse effects on the CVS. The amount of pain produced due to propofol was also lesser compared to the thiopentone group and the induction was smooth in propofol group compared to thiopentone group and overall outcomes of Propofol were better than the Thiopentone group. Therefore propofol appears to better induction agent than thiopentone for obstetric anesthesia

Photoxidation of palm oil, like other forms of oils/lipids oxidation has adverse effects on the physicochemical qualities of the oil including depletion of essential antioxidants and formation of free radicals which could be injurious to tissues. Unfortunately, this widely consumed edible vegetable oil is usually stored or displayed for sale in plastic containers under direct sun light and unknowingly subjecting the oil to photoxidation. This work therefore sought to evaluate the possible effect of long term consumption of palm oil exposed to light on some reproductive parameters in male wistar rats. Male wistar rats weighing 85g to 120g and aged 19 to 23 weeks were randomly divided into a control and photoxidised palm oil (PPO)-fed groups of five rats each. The control group was fed on normal rat chow while the PPO diet group was fed on photoxidized palm oil diet. The duration of feeding was 13 weeks after which the rats were euthanized, blood samples collected while testes were harvested from them for determination of relevant parameters. The result showed a significantly reduced seminal pH in the PPO-fed group compared with control (P<0.01). Sperm motility (%) and viability (%) were significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively) in the PPO-fed group compared with control. The PPO-fed group had significantly decreased (P<0.001) sperm count and a significantly increased percentage of morphologically defective sperm cells (p<0.05) compared to the control. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) in the PPO-fed rats compared with control. In conclusion, long term consumption of PPO diet impairs reproductive function in male wistar rats

Suxamethonium is the drug of choice for muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation with its rapid onset and short duration of action. The newly introduced non-depolarizing drug rocuronium has got rapid onset and intermediate duration of action. The aim of the present study was to compare the intubating conditions of rocuronium bromide with suxamethonium chloride. Aim: To compare the onset and duration of action of Rocuronium Bromide and Suxamethonium Chloride. Methods: it is prospective randomized controlled study carried on 90 adult patients with age groups of 20-60 years of either sex. They were posted for elective surgery in MGM’s Hospital Aurangabad. They were randomly divided into two groups of (n=45) each. Group I (R) patients received rocuronium at the dose of 0.9mg/Kg and Group II(S) patients received suxamethonium at the doses of 1.5mg/Kg. Results: In Group I (R) group there were 14 (31%) male patients and female were 31 (69%). In group II (S) there were 14 (31%) male and female were 31 (69%). In group II (S) suxamethonium showed acceptable intubating conditions in 100% of cases at 60 sec out of which 93.24% were excellent. In rocuronium group I(R) 100% cases had acceptable intubating conditions at 60 seconds out of which 77.7% excellent and 22.3% had good intubating conditions the P values were significant. In both the groups there was no significant difference jaw relaxation as well as vocal cord movements. There was the significant difference in response to intubation in Rocuronium group 6 (13%) patients had a mild cough on intubation whereas no patient in suxamethonium group II had any cough. In the Group I 24% patients had slight diaphragmatic movements on intubation and in group II 11% had diaphragmatic movements. There was no significant rise in HR difference in group I and group II preoperative, post muscle relaxant, 0 minutes after intubation, 5 minutes after intubation, and 10 minutes after intubation. Conclusion: Rocuronium bromide at the dose of 0.9 mg/Kg produces excellent and good intubating conditions in patients although slightly inferior to that provided by the Suxamethonium 1.5mg/Kg but there is more hemodynamic stability with rocuronium then suxamethonium. Therefore Rocuronium bromide may be considered as safe and good alternative to suxamethonium for endotracheal intubation. Hence rocuronium bromide can be used for a rapid sequence of induction and intubation if there is no prediction of difficult intubation

A combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone is used as an oral contraceptive and also for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorders, acne and hirsutism. In this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol. First order derivative spectrum was used for the determination of ethinylestradiol at 211 nm and drospirenone at 298 and 302 nm. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 0.25-2.5 μg/mL and 20-200 μg/mL for ethinylestradiol and drospirenone, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for both compounds (CV<2.5% and error<2.4%). The proposed method was used for simultaneous determination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone without any separation before analysis

A study was conducted to assess effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding psycho social interventions for the caregivers on caring the mental health needs of mentally ill inmates. The study was conducted in Shivamoga Beggar Relief and Rehabilitation Centre. Total samples were 10. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure the level of knowledge of caregivers. It was seen that the pre - test mean (6.8+_2.7) was lesser than post – test mean (23.7+_1.9). Here p value is (<0.001*) which is highly significant. The study revealed that the 60% samples had poor knowledge and 40% of them had average knowledge in pre- test. But in post-test 80% of samples had excellent knowledge and 20 % had good knowledge. The study concludes that structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of caregivers regarding psycho social interventions. We have performed Fishers exact test to know the significant association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. We observed that there is no significant association between knowledge and selected demographic variables.

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative record-based study was conducted at a municipal medical college in Maharashtra state, India. First-year MBBS students undergo formative assessment (one terminal examination and one preliminary examination) before they appear for First MBBS University examinations (summative assessment). Marks scored by the First-year MBBS students in terminal and preliminary practical examinations during the seven year period (2011-2017) were statistically analysed. In the terminal practical examination, the gender difference in the average marks scored in terminal practical examinations was statistically significant (Z=2.226; p=0.026) only for Batch 2013, while in the preliminary practical examination the gender difference was statistically significant for Batch 2011 (Z=2.094; p=0.036) and Batch 2017 (Z=2.139; p=0.032). The marks obtained in preliminary practical examination exhibited less variability as compared to that in the terminal practical examination. This study may serve as a springboard towards further research on student assessment in the subject of Physiology

The aim of the study is to explore the psychological concerns and complexity in human relationships in D.H Lawrence‟s selected novels. D. H. Lawrence is a well-known English novelist whose novels represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization. In them, some of the issues Lawrence explores are emotional health, vitality, spontaneity and instinct. The novelist has a great concern for the welfare of man who has lost faith in domestic life. His novels which discusses the complex human relationships and explores the ways of strengthening the domestic life.

In present study an attempt has been made to prepare new polymers depending on Cellulose viscous pulps to study the adsorption activity for removal of heavy metal ions from single aqueous solution. Barley and Corn Straw have been used for the extraction of crude pulps. Grafted viscous pulp has been prepared by using acrylamide as a monomer and benzoyl peroxide as an initiator in different ratios at different conditions of temperature and time. Epichlorohydrin was used as cross linking agent under the optimum conditions of grafting for the preparation of Grafted cross linked viscous pulps. The grafting percentage, grafting efficiency percentage and swelling behavior of new polymers were also studied. The structures of these compounds were established by using FTIR and elemental analysis. For the removal of chromium and nickel ions from an aqueous single metal solution the graft pulp copolymer and grafted crosslink viscous pulps were used as adsorbents. The results of the present study revealed that the ratio of pulp to monomer 1:4g/g, ratio of cellulose to initiator 1: 0.3g/g, grafting time 3 hours and grafting temperature 70 ◦C showed the optimum conditions of grafting. All the polymers synthesized in the present study showed the activity to remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution and the maximum activity have been shown when the cross linking agent was used in the synthesis

The purpose of this research is to analyze the business model of waste bank through partnership as bank agent to increase: the business competitiveness, member's income and management, and profitability of waste bank. The method used is the analysis of Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats ( SWOT ) using IFAS, EFAS and SFAS matrices as well as query analysis and then build an existing model of financial information and development a models using Business Model Canvas (BMC) consists of Customer Segment, Customer Relationship, Customer Channel , Revenue Streams, Value Proposition, Key Activities, Key Resource, Cost Structure, and Key Partners. The research result of waste bank condition in quadrant III (third) mean Company faced bigger market opportunity, but there is internal constraint, company focus is to minimize internal constraint by giving management training, entrepreneurship, accounting, finance, production and marketing, and exploiting opportunity to become as a bank agent.

The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which school feeding programmes influence performance of learners in primary school education in Baringo County. The study concludes that feeding programs enhance pupil’s participation in class assignment duties and discussion. There are only a few meals provided during the day hence pupil do not fully participate in class work rendering to low performance, the healthy pupils in the center are always active and perform well in the exam and a feeding program is important than other factors towards the improved performance. The findings of this study may be of use to the various primary schools for it would assist them understand better the issues related to school feeding programmes. This would see school managers in the various centres provide learners with balanced feeding programs and create awareness to parents on its importance to proper learning and holistic development of their children. The study would also go a long way to helping the government in making relevant policy to safeguard the wellbeing of primary school learners by providing well-balanced feeding programs to these centres as well as budgetary allocation to the same.

The challenge for today is not just retaining talented people, but fully engaging them, capturing their mind and hearts at every stage of their work lives. Employee engagement has emerged as a crucial driver of business success in today’s competitive marketplace. Further, employee engagement can be a key factor in organizational success. Not only does engagement have the potential to significantly affect employee retention strategy, productivity and loyalty, it is also a key connect to customer satisfaction, company reputation and overall stakeholder value. Thus, to gain a competitive edge, organizations are looking to HR to set the agenda for employee engagement and commitment. Employee engagement is rightly a property of the relationship between an organization and its employees. An "engaged employee" is defined as the one who is fully absorbed by and enthusiastic about their work and so takes positive action to further the organization's reputation and interests. Employee engagement is a way ahead to business success. An engaged workplace is one encourages commitment, energy and productivity from all those involved to help improve and achieve business performance. Employee engagement is about linking on our employees’ knowledge and ideas to improve our products and services, and be innovative. Employee engagement is about indulging a deeper commitment from our employees so fewer leave, sick absence reduces, accident rates decline, conflicts and grievances go down, productivity increases. Employee engagement is about organisation actions that are consistent with the organisation’s values. This paper is an attempt to review the available literature in the field of employee engagement which are in the form of models and draw conclusions on the available gap. It is purely based on secondary data

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of leadership style, organizational culture, and achievement motivation toward qari’ (man reciter of al-Qur’an) and qari'a (woman reciter of al-Qur’an) organizational commitment at LPTQ (The Institution for the Development of Tilawatil Qur'an) in Riau islands area. This research particularly was conducted separately on three parts of region namely; in the center, Province of Riau Islands (City of Batam); in the western region (Karimun Regency); and in the eastern region (Tanjung Pinang City). Survey method applied in this study along with path analysis used in hypothesis testing. The total of respondents amounted to 204, but only 186 in a number of respondents who returned the sheet of questionnaires. The total respondents for trials were as many as 30 participants. Each region was represented by 10 respondents, Alpha Cronbach formula used in these trials. The results revealed that there were a positive influence and significant: 1) Leadership style on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 2) Organizational Culture on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 3) Significant Leadership style on Achievement Motivation. 4) Leadership style, Organizational Culture on Achievement Motivation. 5) Leadership style, Organizational Culture and Achievement Motivation towards qari’ and qari'a Organizational Commitment in Riau Islands. The study concluded that: There were direct influences of leadership style, organizational culture and achievement motivation towards the organizational commitment of qari’ and qaria’. Based on the calculation of path analysis obtained Fobtained (24,69) > Ftable (2.67). So H0 was rejected and Hi was accepted. It meant that the style of leadership, organizational culture, and achievement motivation gave a significant influence on the commitment of the qari and qari’a organization.

A simple, precise and gradient RP- HPLC method has been developed and validated for Aciclovir raw and in tablet formulation. The proposed method was validated to obtain official requirements including accuracy, linearity, precision, selectivity and stability. The estimation was developed on C(18) column reversed-phase using the mobile phase composition as Phosphate buffer: methanol in the ratio (60:40 %. v/v). 1ml /minute was the flow rate and the maximum absorption were observed at 290 nm using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-Vis detector. Aciclovir showed a precise and good linearity, the concentration range was 5-25 μg/mL. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.59 to 100.97% for Acyclovir tablet formulation. 100.19 % was the mean percentage purity. The Aciclovir retention time was found to be 3.01 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis.