As one of Chinese four great classic novels, A Dream of Red Mansions, which is considered as the encyclopedia of feudal society, is of great value to be studied. Up to now, most researches mainly focus on the translation, cultural and pragmatic fields. When it comes to the investigation on the dialogue in this works, most researches just center on the leading roles in the novel. Whereas, attention paid to the subordinate figures such as Granny Liu. Taking Granny Liu’s typical dialogues extracted from the English version of A Dream of Red Mansions translated by famous translator Yang Hsien-yi as corpus, this thesis launched an exploration on how the subordinate figures Granny Liu carried out communication in the three aspects of RT respectively including the ostensive-reference process, context and cognitive environments, and the optimal relevance. Surely, this analysis can exert favorable influence on readers to evaluate Granny Liu more comprehensively and objectively, and also nudges readers to appreciate the exquisite and superb artistic charm of this novel and digest the writer’s creation intension. Meanwhile, this analysis is of substantial benefit to expand the research objective and field about Relevance Theory.

Mentorship programs have been established in pharmacy education, both on the undergraduate and graduate levels. These programs are anticipated to improve the learning experience of mentees. The aim of this review was to assess the role and outcome of mentoring on pharmacy education. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline electronic database was conducted from 2000–2017, with relevant keywords (mentor OR mentorship) AND (pharmacy education OR pharmacy practice OR pharmacy training). Studies were screened by two independent reviewers for eligibility and data were extracted. This systematic review focused on the outcomes associated with application of mentorship programs in different educational settings. Our search retrieved 180 unique citations. Eight cross-sectional studies with a total of 662 pharmacy graduates were included. From included participants, there were 36 (5.4%) Masters, 58 (8.75%) pharmacy doctorates, 22 (3.3%) Baccalaureates, 60 (10%) assistant professors, and 20 (3%) PhD. All included studies reported that mentoring programs were successful, effective; and improved research skills, team working; and supported students' confidence. This study demonstrated that mentoring programs are effective, promising, and can be used as an adjunct to enhance student confidence, scientific, and professional efficiency. Outcomes of mentorship can be on organizational level, on mentees’ level, and on mentors' level. Thus, applying mentorship in pharmacy educational programs is expected to have significant results. We recommend further follow-up and research for the effectiveness of mentoring programs in all medical fields.

Based on Lillian’s (2008) and Chen’s (2016) studies on women’s courtesy titles, this study makes a comparison and contrast of women’s courtesy titles in mainland China and Taiwan, with reference to those in the Whites and Blacks. It is based on a survey of a questionnaire, which is almost the same as the one used in Chen (2016) that was modelled on the one used in Lillian (2008). The results confirmed that age is an influential factor in the selection of courtesy titles for women of different marital status. It also confirmed Lillian’s observation that a woman’s occupational status may outweigh her marital status. However, even mainland China and Taiwan belong to the same Chinese community, they have statistically significant difference in women’s courtesy titles, especially in the use of XJ (Miss). Its fill-in-the-blank method of collecting women’s courtesy titles, rather than fixed-choices method, also seems to be effective.

A holistic study of tinnitus to explore the etiology of tinnitus and to examine a successful alternative self-help approach, which combines the human voice (toning) with energy alignment. Four case studies of adults who suffered from tinnitus are used to illustrate the benefits of approach. Each adult sustained a three - week self-help programme of toning, colour and energetic alignment. The clinician researcher evaluates the methodology of the approach and cause of symptoms from a physiological and metaphysical perspective.

Determining sex plays important role in the identification of the unknown person. The positive identification of human remains requires the matching of physical characteristics of the deceased with records of the physical characteristics made before death. Several methods may be used to produce identification with an aggregate high level of reliability. Sex determination is usually done by osteometry, DNA analysis and even by odontometric parameters. Aim of the study was to identify gender using measurements of mesiodistal crown width of the six maxillary anterior teeth (later added to derive combined mesiodistal widths), fronto-occipital head circumference, height, and diameter of the skull on a lateral cephalography. In this study, 100 persons were evaluated. After obtaining informed consent from the subject selected, measurements of mesiodistal crown width of the six maxillary anterior teeth (later added to derive combined mesiodistal widths), fronto-occipital head circumference, height, and diameter of the skull on a lateral cephalography were performed. Combined data, male, and female data were analyzed separately for binary logistical analysis for sex determination to the parameters recorded and discriminant function equation were derived for each parameter. In the present study mean values of all the parameters were calculated and showed a statistically significant variation between males and females. Discriminant function analysis was performed for all the variables which correctly classified 91% of the cases. Our Study suggests that the discriminant functional analysis has proved that the sex of unknown sex skull can be determined using above mentioned parameters. Studies at a large scale are in need to approve or disprove the above factor.

Abstract: The promulgation of the Belt and Road Initiative brings to fore the shift in world economic power to the east. The relations between members of Initiative and the changes of their positions will determine the long-term success or otherwise of this Initiative. The paper adopts social network analysis to set up the network relation between member countries, studies the network structure and its evolution trends, and identifies the position and role of members in the Initiative with data from bilateral investments for the period 2005 to 2015. We conclude that the network structure of Belt, Road Initiative’s broad purpose of ensuring a greater level of economic integration between and among countries on the Belt, Road corridor with regards to bilateral investments is gradually being achieved although at a slower pace than may have been expected by framers of the Initiative with less influence being exerted by China. The beneficial economic integration will be very much enhanced with China in the core position.

The main objective of this study was to identify causes and perceived effects of rainfall variability on access to water in Baringo County. The study used a descriptive survey design. Purposeful sampling and stratified proportionate random sampling procedures were used to obtain the sample. A total of 376 households were selected for the study. Questionnaire, key informant interview schedule and observations were the main instruments of data collection. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the effects and causes of climate change in Baringo County. Rainfall variability affected access to water in Baringo County. More frequent and severe droughts were perceived to be responsible for the reduced water level in Lake Baringo and intermittency of most rivers that were previously permanent. Deforestation is the main cause of rainfall variability in Baringo County hence there is need to increase awareness on climate variability and change and encourage people to use alternative sources of energy and plant trees.

Abstract: Education as a means of achieving economic development has become a respectable and challenging subject for scholarly research and analysis. Most studies indicate that many children are growing up without proper guidance from their parents. The parents/ guardians are largely absent and housemaids, the media and peers have become the main socialization agents of most children today. This study established the part guardians and parents play in addressing students’ discipline problems in public day secondary schools in Nakuru sub County, Nakuru County, Kenya. Nakuru East sub-County has 31 public day secondary schools, 18,600 students, 31 principals, and 806 teachers. Sixteen schools were randomly selected for the study. Data was collected from 80 parents, 50 students, and 24 teachers who were selected randomly from the 16 schools using questionnaires. Eight principals were also interviewed. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic technique. Result found that stealing/ theft, skiving or truancy, and distraction in class were the most common forms of indiscipline in the schools. It was also found that there is little involvement of parent in addressing disciplinary issues. The study did arrive at a concrete verdict regarding the parenting styles of most parents/ guardians because different stakeholders have varying views. However, all stakeholders agreed that parenting style influences students’ discipline to a great extent. The study recommends that stakeholder particular teachers educate parents regarding parenting styles and their impact on student’s behavior. The study also recommends strengthening cooperation between teachers, students, principals, and parents so as to enhance discipline within the schools.

Programming foreign television soap operas on free to air TV stations in East Africa is a common feature. However, an interesting phenomenon is developing where regionally produced serial dramas are increasingly consumed across borders; drawing good audience share. A case in point is „The Hostel‟- a Ugandan soap opera aired weekly on both NTV Uganda and NTV Kenya. What could be the cross cutting attraction of this programme on the Kenyan audience where similar genres have not performed as well? Using the audience reception theory, the study conducted 8 FGDs in two university campuses. An in-depth interview was also conducted with the NTV station programme coordinator. The findings revealed a favourable reception towards the programme but with character identity, accent and story realism as strong indicators for its attraction. Though the findings cannot be generalized, it is an insight for those who intend to produce such drama across the East African region.

Abstract: This dissertation examines the way Arabs are stereotyped in Hollywood war films. The dissertation shows how the enemy is portrayed in Hollywood war films. After World War II Nazis were the enemy in Hollywood combat films, and most of the films about WWII, depict Nazis as such. After WWII, the role of the enemy shifted from the Nazis to the Vietnamese. The fear of communism and the victory after the Cold War led Hollywood to depict Vietnamese as enemy in Vietnam War combat films. To study the way the Arabs are stereotyped in Hollywood war films, this dissertation makes a comparison between the depiction of these historical enemies and the representation of Iraqis in war films. By analysing motion pictures produced by Hollywood following each war, similarities and differences are identified in the way enemies are portrayed.

Since Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015 and Number 56 / PUU-XIV / 2016, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Governor is not authorized to cancel the Local Regulation. Both Constitutional Court Decisions can not be denied to be one of the obstacles for the central government to suppress the growth rate of overlapping local regulations, so that necessary steps to disbursing obesity of local regulations starting from the upstream or since the planning stage. One of the steps that can be taken to obstruct obesity rate of Local Regulation is by conducting harmonization activities at planning stage that is harmonization to draft Program of Formation of Local Regulation.

Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are an heterogeneous group with several etiophatogenesis and they can have melanocytic or non-melanocytic origin . Solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions of the oral cavity are rare. Oral nevus is a benign proliferations of cells of melanocytic origin and they are rare, for this reason, the literature is poor. Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is difficult, therefore is essential the histopathological examination to make a correct diagnosis . The objective of this article is to present a rare case report of oral nevus in the palate. A 63 years old female patient reported a small black spot not bulging and asymptomatic. This lesion has been surgically removed and analyzed. The histological examination of the sample has confirmed the diagnosis and after a week the palate was completely healed.

The Kenyan government is currently supporting the start-up as well as the growth of youth enterprises, in line with the Medium Term Plan of Vision 2030, by creating a conducive environment and support programmes in order to develop the sector. Despite these efforts, the performance of youth enterprises in Kenya has been miserable. The breadth to which this huge amount of money has influenced the growth and profit margins of these many youth enterprises remains unexplored. Furthermore, there is a lack of enough literature as far as the effect of youth enterprise development fund on the growth of MSEs. This research, therefore, sought to establish the effect of Youth Enterprise Development Fund services on the growth of MSEs in Nyando Constituency. The objectives that guided this study include: to determine the effect of YEDF lending financing services on growth of youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency; to determine the effect of YEDF linkage services with large enterprises on growth of youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency; to establish the effect of YEDF marketing services on growth of youth MSEs locally and internationally in Nyando Constituency and to determine the extent to which YEDF provides Business Development Services to Youth MSEs in Nyando Constituency. A descriptive survey research design was employed.

This study aimed at determining the effect of media on formation the marketing literacy and also determining such marketing literacy on consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed at determining the statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to Demographical factors. The Study population consisted of all Saudi and non-Saudi consumers in Riyadh city, whom reached to 5.8 Million in the year 2016. 386 people were selected, and simple random sample was used. The study concluded that there is no statistical impact of media on marketing literacy but there is a statistical impact of marketing literacy on the consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study found that there are statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to education level and such differences tend to the master holders. Finally, the study suggested some recommendations and marketing implications that enhance marketing literacy and consumer protection among consumers in Saudi Arabia.

This study examines the relationship between monetary aggregates and economic growth with evidence from Nigeria. It examines the extent to which narrow and broad money supply relate to Nigerian Real Gross Domestic Product. Data collected were analyzed using multiple regression. The result of the study shows though broad money supply (M2) has a salutary effect on the performance of the economy as shown by the positive relationship it exhibits, the relationship is not such that monetary aggregates can significantly contribute to the performance of the economy. The paper recommends that since monetary aggregates are weak in achieving growth in the Nigerian economy, a combination of monetary and fiscal policy measures , perhaps will achieve the desired objective of growing the economy.