Aim of current study is to perform and investigate the renoprotective effect of nintedanib on diabetic nephropathy in albino wistar rat. Diabetic nephropathy was induced in overnight fasted rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg) prepared freshly in ice chilled 0.1 M citrate buffer (Ph-4.5) and after 15 minutes Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg)in in 0.9% normal saline was administered. The rat were divided into five grouping six animal in each group Each group underwent a different treatment protocol Treatment with nintedanib at 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg was evaluated using invivo studies such as physiological evaluation, serum and urine biochemical parameters like creatinine, albumin, BUN, uric acid and urine albumin level and histological studies of diabetic nephropathy induced rat's kidney. The present study demonstrated that the treatment of nintedanib exerts its renoprotective potential against the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The results showed significant improvements in renal function parameters and reduced histological changes when compared to the disease control group. Thereby, nintedanib at 50 mg/kg has demonstrated better effectiveness than nintedanib at 30 mg/kg. Our finding suggests that nintedanib holds potential as a novel therapeutic agent in the management of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting TGF-L. vascular endothelial growth factors, and their signaling pathways in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Further research is needed to elucidate its long-term safety and efficacy in clinical treatments.

This study was undertaken to comparatively investigate groundwater quality in Uyo capital city from private and public boreholes in order to ascertain if there are variations in quality. Four objectives were used in the study using both experimental and survey methodology. The flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to analyze the level of chemical concentration in the borehole water samples. A total of fourteen (14) groundwater samples were collected from 7 commercial boreholes located at Nwaniba Road, Aka Road by Udo Udoma, Oron Road, Ikpa Road by CCC, Abak Road, Mbierebe Junction and Ikot Ambang and 7 private boreholes located at Water Board Itam, Water Board Oron Road, Nwaniba Road close to Water Fountain, Champion Brewery, Redeemed Church close to Dumpsite Uyo Village Road (Ikpa Road), Abak Road and Mbierebe Junction. The groundwater samples were analyzed in the laboratory for their chemical and microbiological characteristics. On comparing the results with standard values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), it was discovered that some of the groundwater samples had parameters that were within the permissible limits with slight variation across the different locations. While also, there were parameters that did not meet up with the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization. For instance, the pH of the groundwater samples was not within the permissible limit of 6.50mg/l-8.50mg/l in six (6) different locations of the commercial boreholes which are Oron road, Nwaniba road, Aka road, Ikpa road, Abak road, Ikot Mbang with values of 5.3, 6.3, 4.5, 5.9, 5.1, 5, 7 respectively. While, the pH in the private boreholes was not within the permissible limit in five (5) different locations which are Water board Itam, Nwaniba road, Champion brewery, Ikpa road, Abak road with values of 4.31, 4.98, 6.1, 5.53, 6.21 respectively. Several other parameters also got slight differences. The study found out that the groundwater of the study area is not devoid of contaminants, be it from the private or commercial borehole and as such both requires treatment. The study recommends continuous monitoring of the groundwater supply to keep the quality in check.

The paper examined the fact that all over the world, countries develop in accordance with the quality of education. That is the quality education in any country depended largely on the extent to which its challenges were addressed. The paper explored some of the possible challenges impending the realization of quality education in Nigeria such as quality teachers, learners and environment, arguing that access to quality education definitely would ensure societal balance, promote accountability, stability and prevent resorting to anarchy. In this paper concept like quality education and national development were conceptualized. By way of recommendations, the paper took the position among others that quality teachers in terms of training and re-training as well as adequate unavoidability infrastructural facilities should be provided for the development of the individual and society.

Background: Targeted therapy refers to agents that block the growth of malignant cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and growth of tumors rather than by simply interfering with all rapidly dividing cells. Haematological malignancies (HM) are clonal haemopoietic disorders that arise as a result of varied genetic damages to several key biochemical pathways in cellular differentiation, proliferation and maturation. These pathways have the focus of a new generation of targeted therapy that have revolutionized the management of haematological malignancies. Methodology: The study was a retrospective study carried out at Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara. Participants were recruited consecutively as diagnosis were made. Data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: A total of 132 patients with haematological malignancies participated in the study. Males were 71 (53.8%) females were 61 (46.2%). 108 (81.8%) of the patients did not use molecular targeted therapeutic agents while 24 (18.2%) used. and 56.8% of the patients with haematological malignancies were dead at the end of follow-up. Financial constraints accounted for the reason 66 patients, (61.1%) did not use molecular targeted therapies while unavailability of the specific therapy within the country accounted for the reason why 42 patients (38.89%) could not access them. Use of targeted therapy was found to have a significant relationship with treatment outcome (p = 0.035). Patients who used molecular targeted therapy were more likely to be alive at the end of follow-up. Conclusion: Molecular targeted therapies hold tremendous promise in the treatment of haematological malignancies, with associated improvements in patients quality of life and outcomes. However, challenges such as availability, accessibility and cost remain especially in a developing country such as ours.

The rate of hunger in oil rich African States specifically Nigeria is becoming so alarming despite the huge wealth generated over the years. There seemed to be a mismatch between government policies, rising population and food security. The prices of food items have been rising since 2000, triples in 2008 and reached unbearable limit in 2023 and 2024. Food scarcity is a significant problem to the masses whose capacity to buy food is hindered by poor wages and food marketing cartels that control the force of food demand and supply. On the other hand, peasant farmers have lost interest in farming because of unfavourable conditions like high cost of farm input, human invaders, microbial invaders as well as pest. The issue of hunger has attracted palliative from federal government, private donors and international agencies. Policy analysts are dissatisfied with the notion of palliative-hunger alleviation strategy being that it acts as a first aid treatment rather than a cure. The study adopted both primary and secondary data primarily using CBN bulletin, online materials and interview. Key informant interview was carried out using officials from NIMETS, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Power and Energy, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs. Sixty (60) interviewees were purposively selected and the criteria was based on their depth of knowledge in their various fields of endeavour. The study delves into understanding how hunger became a chronic ailment in an oil rich Sub-Saharan African giant. In the study, historical framework of hunger was established, the reasons for persistent hunger despite intervention as well as key hunger alleviation programmes were discussed. It was revealed that several factors are responsible for hunger ranging from climate, environmental hazard, unsuitable policies, high electricity tariff and petrol prices, exchange rate fluctuation, global oil price shock, insecurity, poor social welfare structure, low motivation to farming, over-riding number of consumers than producers and government commitment to food production and value-added services. In the study, food crises in Nigeria began from the 21st century precisely year 2000 when the price of petrol, exchange rate and global oil price rose uncontrollable and peaked between 2023 and 2024 resulting to series of hunger protest and strike across different labour unions in the country. Given this, it was recommended that holistic, people-centred and multi-sectorial approach to hunger reduction be employed against the conventional methods characterised by imposition of failing policies for the masses.

The utilization of indigenous plant species for remediation of polluted soils comes at a low economic and ecological cost when compared with traditional methods. In this study, the phytoremediation potential of indigenous ruderal plants in highly polluted soil within a petrochemical refinery complex was evaluated. First, a survey of the most abundant herbaceous plant species was carried out within the complex during the wet and dry seasons. The concentration of Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in soil and plant samples was determined using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Results show ten herbaceous plant species (Calopogonium mucunoides, Terminalia macroptera, Centrosema pubescens, Piliostigma thonningii, Cochlospermum tinctorum, Isoberlinia tomentosa, Monotes kerstingii, Detarium microcarpum, Paspalum orbiculare, Borreria verticillata) with accumulation factors (of Cd and/Cu) greater of than 1, thus revealing them as metal extractors. Furthermore, they have high above ground biomass due to their rapid vegetative growth, self-sustaining and easy to propagate. There are possibilities of further evaluating and genetically improving metal tolerance traits in some of these plant species in relation to their potential use in phytoremediation programmes in metal-polluted sites.

This study investigated the synergistic effects of hydrated lime (HL) and soybean oil (SO) as additives in warm mix asphalt (WMA) to improve moisture resistance using the extreme vertices design approach. The main factors considered were the proportions of HL, SO, and bitumen, expressed as percentages of bitumen content, while the aggregate composition remained constant. Moisture resistance was assessed using the tensile strength ratio (TSR). Key findings include: TSR values ranged from 76.06% to 94.71%, with many samples meeting the AASHTO-required 80%. HL had the greatest impact on TSR, with moderate SO levels improving TSR, but excessive SO decreasing it. The strongest interaction affecting TSR was between HL and SO, while bitumen’s role was less influential. The regression model for TSR had an R² of 93.09%, indicating a strong predictive capacity. Optimized mixture proportions were 5.77% bitumen, 0.08% soybean oil, and 0.10% hydrated lime, targeting a TSR of 80%, which meets AASHTO guidelines. The study emphasized the importance of balancing additives to enhance moisture resistance while minimizing bio-based additives.

Since the Belt and Road Initiative was put forward, it has continuously achieved fruitful results. China has increasingly close contacts with foreign countries. China is committed to increasing trade cooperation with other countries to benefit the people of all countries. So how to appropriately translate political, economic, and cultural languages with Chinese characteristics to tell Chinese stories well and spread the voice of China is becoming increasingly important in international communication. Based on the three principles of the Skopos theory, this paper analyzes some of the original and translated versions of Xi Jinping's speech on the tenth anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative, aiming to explore the translation methods of documents with Chinese characteristics and enrich the research on document translation through the analysis of the content of the speech.

Groundwater contamination near automobile workshops is a growing environmental concern due to the leaching of heavy metals and other pollutants into the soil and water sources. This study aims to assess the physicochemical and heavy metal characteristics of groundwater in the Central Business District of Oxbow Lake, Swali, Bayelsa State, before and after treatment. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Mn), were analyzed before and after treatment. The results show that pH increased from 6.80 ± 0.02 to 7.70 ± 0.02, remaining within the permissible limits of 6.5–8.5 (WHO) and 6.6–9.0 (NSDWQ). Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged from 122 ± 1.5 to 141 ± 1.5 mg/L, and conductivity reduced from 238 ± 2.0 to 221 ± 2.0 µS/cm, both well below the regulatory limits. Temperature varied marginally from 27.4 ± 0.1°C to 27.8 ± 0.1°C. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) increased from 0.58 to 1.06 mg/L and 0.45 ± 0.01 to 0.71 ± 0.01 mg/L, respectively. Heavy metal analysis revealed that Iron concentrations were significantly reduced after treatment, from 0.36 ± 0.01 mg/L to below the detection limit (<0.001 mg/L) slightly exceeded the WHO and NSDWQ limit of 0.3 mg/L, while manganese (0.14–0.42 mg/L) exceeding the WHO guideline. Copper concentrations dropped below the detection limit (<0.001 mg/L) after treatment, from an initial 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/L. Both nickel and lead were below the detection limit (<0.001 mg/L) before and after treatment, indicating zero contamination from these metals. Despite the low concentration observed for the various parameters, continuous monitoring and control measures is recommended.

Simultaneous bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture is a rare injury, particularly in individuals with underlying medical conditions such as renal failure. This paper presents the case of a renal failure patient 51 old year with 10 years history of haemodialysis treatment suffering from bilateral quadriceps tendon rupture.

Background: Pregnancy is an exciting yet physiologically demanding period as a woman nurtures a growing fetus. The physiological, biochemical, and hormonal changes impact nutritional needs and the body's efficiency in utilizing nutrients. Nutrition is the cornerstone of human health. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitude of primigravida mothers regarding nutritional needs and prevention of iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy and to determine the association between pretest knowledge and attitude levels with selected socio-demographic variables. Methodology: A quantitative approach with an exploratory descriptive survey design was used. A total of 50 primigravida mothers from selected primary health centers in Vijayapura district were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and an attitude scale. Results: The study revealed that the mean knowledge score was 10, median 9, mode 7, with a standard deviation of 3.62, and a score range of 4-19. The majority (56%) of participants had a moderate level of knowledge, 30% had poor knowledge, and 14% had good knowledge. The mean attitude score was 31.44, median 31.50, mode 34, with a standard deviation of 5.74, and a score range of 20-44. The majority (74%) had a favorable attitude, 18% had a positive attitude, and 8% had a non-favorable attitude. A statistically significant association was found between levels of knowledge and sources of information at a 0.05 significance level. Conclusion: Education for antenatal mothers is essential to prevent nutritional deficiency disorders during pregnancy and ensure a positive pregnancy outcome.

This paper investigates the integration of experiential learning and virtual reality (VR) technology in geometry instruction to enhance students' deeper understanding of geometric concepts. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using VR in experiential learning activities in improving students' comprehension and application of knowledge in Mathematics. The research method combines an experimental model with two groups: one group engages in geometry lessons using VR, while the other follows traditional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre- and post-test assessments, student satisfaction surveys, and analysis of learning behaviors. Results indicate that the use of VR in geometry teaching helps students develop spatial thinking skills and fosters greater interaction during learning. The study also reveals that VR can enhance student engagement, improve memory retention, and deepen understanding of complex geometric concepts. These findings open new pathways for the application of modern educational technologies to improve Mathematics teaching quality in secondary schools.

Physical activity is essential for enhancing cognitive abilities and academic performance in children. Globally, only 40% of children meet recommended activity levels, with even lower rates in Sub-Saharan Africa due to systemic barriers such as underfunded schools and cultural misconceptions about the role of exercise. These barriers limit children's access to programs that could significantly improve their learning outcomes. This article utilises international and regional evidence to emphasise the positive impact of exercise on memory, attention, and overall academic achievement. This paper emphasises the need to integrate exercise into educational systems across Sub-Saharan Africa.

Dental erosion and caries are prevalent oral health issues that can have significant consequences. This study aims to evaluate the role of antioxidants (green tea extract, vitamin C, and vitamin E) in reducing dental caries and erosion. A total of 150 participants were divided into one control group and three treatment groups (green tea extract, vitamin C, and vitamin E). The study assessed BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination), DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth), and baseline demographics. Salivary samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers and antioxidant levels, and changes in scores were evaluated for participants receiving specific treatments. Statistical significance was determined using a paired t-test. All treatment groups exhibited significant reductions in BEWE and DMFT scores compared to the control group. Specifically, the DMFT for Group A (vitamin C) decreased from 4.2 to 2.8, for Group B (vitamin E) from 4.0 to 2.9, and for Group C (green tea extract) from 4.1 to 3.0. The treatment groups also showed significant decreases in BEWE scores, while the control group exhibited minimal changes. Antioxidants have the potential to serve as effective preventive agents in dental care, significantly reducing dental caries and erosion. Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits and explore optimal usage.

In the process of teaching political theory in recent times, many great results have been achieved. However, in the teaching and learning of political theory subjects, there are still limitations and shortcomings for lecturers and students. Therefore, continuing to innovate teaching methods of political theory subjects is an issue that needs to be thoroughly researched from many perspectives to contribute to improving students' self-study capacity. In this article, from the overview of the current situation of teaching political theory subjects, we clarify some solutions to improve the quality of teaching political theory subjects, contributing to improving students' self-study capacity in the present and the future.