Background: Severe acute pancreatitis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, often due to systemic complications. Nutritional deficiencies are frequent in this setting, yet neurological complications such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) remain exceedingly rare. We are a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency, classically linked to alcohol misuse but increasingly recognized in non-alcoholic patients with prolonged fasting, vomiting, or parenteral nutrition. Early recognition and treatment are crucial, as delayed diagnosis is associated with poor outcomes. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 54-year-old woman admitted with severe acute pancreatitis complicated by multiorgan failure. One month later, she developed progressive confusion, ocular abnormalities, and impaired coordination, raising suspicion of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Neuroimaging supported the diagnosis. Despite supportive management and initiation of thiamine supplementation, the patient’s condition deteriorated, ultimately leading to death. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and devastating consequences of Wernicke’s encephalopathy complicating severe acute pancreatitis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition in critically ill patients with risk factors for thiamine deficiency. Early empiric thiamine supplementation is a safe and cost-effective preventive strategy that may significantly improve outcomes.

The present study examines the relationship between GDP growth and the IT-BPM sector in digital transformation, highlighting its importance for the economic development of India. The current research is an analytical study, and it also presents the three phases: the growth phase, the acceleration phase and the stabilization phase. Secondary data, like annual reports from IBEF and Statista websites, have been used to identify a three-phase growth trajectory in the IT-BPM sector. The results of the current study demonstrate that improvements in digital technologies, notably AI and Fintech, are driving the growth in the domestic market.

Every field of study has enormous roles to play in the quest for good governance and measures towards curbing social vices in society. Each Nigerian literary writer has to pay attention to the experiences prevalent in and peculiar not only to Nigeria but also Africa at large, exposing corrupt practices, impunity, mayhem, erratic economy, epileptic power supply, human trafficking, upward Western migration and my riad of issues plaguing the continent. If the status quo must change, the utilitarian value of literature to reflect and refract the society should come to play. Literary writer must be a chronicler of events and a theorist of permutations geared towards development. This study sets to examine Chimamanda Adichie’s genius in(ter)vention in socio-political realities in Nigeria as mirrored in Americana. Eclectic literary survey of postcolonial, socio-cultural and political creeds forms the theoretical framework on which this paper is predicated. Social life in Nigeria is in the state of comatose−nothing goes well−everything is at the verge of collapse. It is characterised by unfriendly socio-political and economic atmosphere. The outcome is massive migration of Nigerians in search of better life. Paradoxically however, cross border-politics, ethnocentric prejudice and racial discrimination are issues Nigerians face in the diaspora. It is recommended that Nigerians should stay in Nigeria and offer themselves to the supreme change needed.

Background: Enzyme-based diagnostics remain a cornerstone of laboratory medicine, yet advancements in chemistry and microbiology offer new opportunities to optimize their sensitivity, specificity, and application. This study explores the integration of enzymology, microbial profiling, and clinical diagnostics to improve enzyme-driven detection methods. Objective: To experimentally develop, optimize, and validate enzyme-based diagnostic assays by linking chemical substrate modification, microbiological enzyme activity detection, and clinical biomarker evaluation. Methodology: An experimental study was conducted in which HRP, ALP, and β-galactosidase enzymes were chemically optimized and tested using spectrophotometric and fluorometric assays. Nanozyme analogs were also synthesized. Thirty clinical bacterial isolates were evaluated using enzyme activity tests and compared with CRISPR-Cas13 assays. Fifty clinical blood/serum samples were analyzed for ALT, AST, and CRP levels using in-house developed enzyme-based kits, and results were validated against automated laboratory systems. Results: Enzyme assays showed strong catalytic efficiency (e.g., Km = 0.23 mM for HRP-TMB). Microbial identification achieved 93.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity, outperforming some molecular methods. Clinical validation demonstrated high correlation (r = 0.91, p < 0.001) with standard lab results, and ROC analysis showed AUC values above 0.91 for all biomarkers. Nanozymes exhibited enhanced thermal stability. Conclusion: Cross-disciplinary enzyme-based diagnostics are effective, low-cost, and scalable for clinical and microbiological applications. The integration of chemical, microbial, and clinical methods results in robust diagnostic tools suitable for both advanced laboratories and low-resource settings. Future developments should focus on digital integration and multiplexing for broader healthcare impact.

Background: Prevalence of dyspepsia varied worldwide, including in India. Studies from India reported a prevalence between 14.9 to 30.4%. Risk factors associated with dyspepsia are Helicobacter pylori infection, predominantly vegetarianism, smoking, and tobacco chewing. Most of the studies have not evaluated patients with dyspepsia using esophagogastroduodenoscopy. There is a scarcity of literature estimating the prevalence from India’s rural population. The present study is designed to estimate the prevalence of dyspepsia, study the associated risk factors including dietary factors, and evaluate using esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Methods: It is a community-based cross-sectional study carried out using Rome III criteria. Multi-staged sampling was done and data was collected by house-to-house survey. The subjects with dyspepsia were mobilized to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The data were analyzed using SPSS and a two-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Prevalence of dyspepsia in the rural community was found to be 29.6%. In univariate model, associated risk factors of dyspepsia were older age group, predominantly vegetarian diet, regular tea intake, chewing tobacco, smoking, and gudakhu use. In multivariate analysis, only smoking tobacco was found to be significantly associated. Endoscopic evaluation revealed 56% had functional dyspepsia. Abnormal findings reported were esophagitis (26%), antral gastritis (9%), antral ulcer (7%), and inflammatory esophageal polyp (2%). Conclusion: Dyspepsia is a very common disease in Odisha with the majority diagnosed with functional dyspepsia. Smoking tobacco was found to be an independent risk factor for dyspepsia. Further studies using Rome IV criteria are recommended.

This study is aimed at ascertaining the factors which inform the buying of fashion, beauty as well as personal care products on or through social media platforms, by consumers domiciled in the United Kingdom and Nigeria. Interviews, guided by a semi-structured interview guide, was used for the collection of data. The purposive sampling technique was employed in identifying prospective participants that have the characteristics and information needed, while the thematic analysis method was adopted for data analysis. The study found that for the UK and Nigeria, the nature of products and the sales medium, influence the decision of consumers to purchase fashion, beauty and personal care products through or on social media. UK consumers showed a preference for buying products through company websites linked through the social media platforms they use, instead of buying directly from social media vendors or retailers, while the Nigerian consumers showed a preference for buying directly from vendors on social media, with Instagram and Whatsapp being the most popular purchasing platforms. It also found that the decision to purchase fashion, beauty as well as personal care products through social media platforms in the UK, is largely driven by convenience, though brand reputation, product price and quality also influence their purchasing behavior. However, product price, quality, brand reputation and even availability of incentives in form of discounts matter more to Nigerian consumers. Factors like social media reviews, influencer promotions and sustainability concerns were found to significantly influence the social media purchasing behavior of consumers in the UK. Amongst other recommendations, this study suggested that companies in the sector under review should commit resources towards carrying out long-term research on how the social media business space in developing countries like Nigeria function, in order to ascertain the best strategy for capturing the markets.

The global food system of the 21st century is at a serious crossroads, growing more stressed by the growing climate change and unable to provide adequate and fair nutritional security of the worldwide population. Although the global food production has grown since the Green Revolution, this agricultural growth has been achieved at the expense of environmental degradation, diets of homogeneity, and aggravation of micronutrient deficiencies due to increasing atmospheric CO2, extreme weather and agroclimatic changes. The traditional measures of food security which are narrowly pegged on the sufficiency of calories overlooks the ever-increasing plight of the hidden hunger and diet-related noncommunicable diseases, which are both rising in the stress of climatic conditions. The review is critical because it is practicalized how climate adaptation plans and nutritional outcomes have become structurally disengaged by showing how techno-optimistic solutions have a tendency to ignore equity, cultural foodways, and metabolic well-being. We build an integrative strategy that places nutritional security as more of a downstream delivery as a design need of climate-resilient food systems. Based on the new evidence of the biogeochemistry, digital agrifood governance, marine micronutrient ecology, and circular metabolism, and epigenetic nutrition, we recognize five transformative pathways that redistribute justice, biological complexity, and intergenerational wellbeing. Such a policy move of decoupling the quantity of food and its quality is challenged in this analysis and it suggests a paradigm shift to food systems, which are capable of feeding people and the planet during a period of climatic uncertainty.

This study presents a comprehensive DFT-based investigation of thiophene-pyrrole copolymers (1PT, 2PT, and 3PT) as sensing materials for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic gases, including NH₃, CHCl₃, CO₂, and CH₂O₂. The structural optimization, interaction energies, natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis, HOMO-LUMO band gap, and TD-DFT simulated UV-Vis spectra were analyzed using the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d) basis set. Among the analytes, ammonia exhibited the highest interaction energy (−10.60 kcal/mol) with the 3PT copolymer, indicating strong hydrogen bonding. NBO results further validated significant charge transfer, particularly in 2PT complexes. A red shift in UV-Vis absorption spectra confirmed enhanced conductivity and sensing potential. This study supports the use of thiophene-pyrrole copolymers as cost-effective and highly sensitive materials for gas sensor development.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) prevalence has been increasing, with over 415 million cases worldwide and a mortality rate of 2.5–5 million each year. Micronuclei (MN), which are cytoplasmic chromatin masses, have recently been suggested as a biomarker for cancer risk. An elevated micronuclei frequency is associated with DM. The oral cavity is considered a mirror reflecting an individual's health. This study aims to investigate the genotoxic effects of diabetes mellitus on human oral cells. This is a case-control study conducted in Shendi town from October 2021 to March 2022 at diabetic clinics. Forty-three mouth rinse samples were collected from diabetic patients and seventeen from non- diabetic individuals. All samples were centrifuged, and the sediment was smeared onto clean glass slides. It was then immediately fixed in 95% ethanol and stained with Papanicolaou stain and the Feulgen reaction to detect and calculate the rate of MN formation among the study groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. Cytology screening showed the MN rate among diabetics was 5.17 MN/100 cells with a standard deviation of 5.01, while among non- diabetics it was 2.29 MN/100 cells with a SD of 1.49. The difference between the two means was statistically significant (P-value 0.024). In this study, MN formation in diabetic patients' mucosal cells was correlated with control of DM (P-value 0.02) and metformin intake (P-value 0.045), but it was not correlated with either age or duration of the disease. Other cellular changes observed alongside micronuclei in diabetic oral mucosa included nuclear anomalies (95. 3%), hyperkeratosis /metaplasia (42%), inflammatory cells (76.7%), megalo-plastic changes (53.5%), nuclear atypia (72.1%), and binucleation (67.4%). No cellular anomalies were observed in non- diabetic oral cells. Papanicolaou stain demonstrated higher sensitivity (87.1%) for detecting MN formation and lower specificity (10%) compared to the Feulgen reaction. DM and its treatment with metformin exhibit a genotoxic effect on oral cells. The study recommends implementing oral cytology and genetic screening programs for diabetic patients, utilizing the Feulgen reaction as the most effective method for MN detection.

Indiscipline among learners is a persistent educational problem in schools in the world. In Kenya, the persistence of indiscipline among learners in schools calls into question school discipline policies, practices and their theoretical underpinnings. This study sought to analyze the suitability of the philosophical frameworks that underpin school discipline policies and practices in Kenya through the lens of care ethics theory developed by Nel Noddings. The study adopted a desktop research design employing the analytic, critical and prescriptive philosophical methods. Being a library based inquiry, data collection and analysis entailed analyzing school discipline policy documents, guideline and practices in the country. The analysis revealed that the policies and practices are largely anchored on deontological and human rights-based ethical frameworks with traces of restorative justice ethics that are not harmoniously blended in both policy and practice. The study recommends the adoption of a care-centered ethical framework for school discipline in the context of the current CBE in the country.

Nature, people and civilization are timeless issues. The environmental field is currently dealing with a number of hot and time-sensitive concerns. In the current socioeconomic development situation in Vietnam, the Marxist perspective on the interaction between humans and nature is extremely methodologically significant. It not only provides us with a theoretical foundation for believing in human capabilities, but it also helps us identify a realistic way for humans to live in harmony and unity with nature during the development process. An Giang is a Mekong Delta province with a strong economic growth potential. Environmental protection still has significant limits that must be addressed as it grows. As a result, based on intriguing Marxist perspectives on the demonstrated relationship between persons, society, and nature, this paper suggests essential measures to foster economic integration while also protecting the natural environment in An Giang today.

Retention and stability in orthodontic treatment are of critical importance for maintaining the achieved esthetic, functional, and occlusal outcomes. However, relapse remains one of the most significant clinical challenges due to the tendency of teeth and surrounding tissues to return to their initial positions. This review discusses the biological basis, risk factors, preventive strategies, and the effectiveness of retention appliances in maintaining post-treatment stability. Factors such as periodontal adaptation, quality of occlusal finishing, mandibular incisor dimensions, neuromuscular balance, and continued growth are key determinants of long-term stability. Approaches including overcorrection, interproximal reduction, supracrestal fiberotomy and frenectomy are highlighted as methods to enhance retention success. Supportive biophysical modalities, such as low-level laser therapy, mechanical vibration, and low-intensity ultrasound, may accelerate periodontal and skeletal adaptation; however, further clinical evidence is needed. Both removable and fixed appliances remain essential in retention therapy, with appliance selection determined by malocclusion type, patient compliance, and clinical requirements. Modern CAD/CAM-fabricated customized retainers also provide alternatives to conventional methods. Nevertheless, appliance breakage, hygiene challenges and relapse risk remain persistent concerns. Recent evidence emphasizes that retention should be planned from the outset of treatment, with individualized protocols and regular follow-up appointments. In conclusion, a lifelong retention approach is increasingly recognized as fundamental for the sustainability of orthodontic treatment success.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with acute exacerbations (AECOPD) representing the primary driver of healthcare utilization, economic burden, and negative patient outcomes. The conventional management of AECOPD is frequently fragmented, characterized by professional silos that lead to critical communication gaps, medication errors, high hospital readmission rates, and a suboptimal patient experience. This review synthesizes the evidence for a structured, interprofessional collaborative care model as the superior standard of care for patients with AECOPD. The objective is to explore the distinct and synergistic roles of key healthcare professionals across the entire acute care continuum, from pre-hospital response to inpatient management and the critical transition back to the community. This report details the evidence-based contributions of Emergency Medical Services, Nursing Technicians, Radiology Technicians, Respiratory Therapists, the integrated Pharmacy Team (Clinical Pharmacists and Pharmacy Technicians), Social Workers, and Medical Records Technicians, highlighting their crucial interdependencies. The synthesis of current evidence demonstrates that formalized collaborative care models, when supported by robust system-level frameworks such as structured communication protocols and integrated electronic health records, significantly improve clinical outcomes, enhance system efficiency, and elevate patient-reported quality of life. Such integrated models are no longer an ideal but an essential framework for delivering effective, efficient, and patient-centered care for this complex and vulnerable population.

Background: Varenicline represents the most effective first-line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, though post-marketing safety concerns historically limited utilisation. Contemporary evidence requires synthesis following resolution of neuropsychiatric safety signals and emerging applications in diverse populations. Objective: To evaluate varenicline efficacy and safety for smoking cessation through systematic review of evidence published January 2020-October 2025. Methods: Comprehensive search across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE identified randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Two reviewers independently screened records using predefined PICO criteria: adults ≥18 years with current smoking status; varenicline monotherapy at standard dosing; placebo/active comparators; biochemically verified continuous abstinence ≥6 months. Data extraction captured efficacy outcomes, safety profiles, and population-specific effects. Risk of bias assessment employed Cochrane RoB 2 methodology. Results: Database searching retrieved 3,247 records, with 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria after systematic screening. Studies encompassed 8 randomised controlled trials, 4 systematic reviews/meta-analyses, 2 network meta-analyses, and 1 observational study, representing >15,000 participants across diverse populations. Varenicline demonstrated superior efficacy versus placebo across all populations, with 6-month continuous abstinence rates of 22.1% versus 8.9% (OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.21-4.46, p<0.001). Particularly robust effects were observed in cardiovascular disease patients (OR 4.12, 95% CI 2.89-5.87) and dual cigarette-e-cigarette users (OR 4.95, 95% CI 2.29-10.70). Safety analysis across >8,000 participants showed no significant increase in serious adverse events (6.8% vs 5.9% placebo, OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.95-1.59, p=0.11), including neuropsychiatric (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.73-2.14, p=0.42) and cardiovascular events (OR 1.35, 95% CI 0.71-2.56, p=0.36). Nausea remained the most common adverse effect (28.6% vs 9.2% placebo) but proved dose-dependent and transient. Conclusions: Contemporary evidence strongly supports Varenicline as highly effective and acceptably safe first-line therapy for smoking cessation across diverse adult populations, including those with cardiovascular disease and psychiatric disorders. Historical safety concerns have been definitively resolved, supporting broader clinical implementation within established guidelines.

The use of semiconductors in photovoltaics, or solar cells, allows them to transform light into energy. Because of its potential as eco-friendly and effective light-harvesting technologies, solar cells have been in the spotlight recently. Extensive and ongoing research has focused on the potential critical role of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in these devices. The most essential metric in comparing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is their optical transmittance, which is different at low densities. As a result, SWNTs are known to perform better than MWNTs. The semiconducting properties of SWNT films allow them to serve as active or charge-transporting materials.