Rape violently asserts masculinity in a patriarchal society, which assigns women a subordinate position. The study focuses on nature and consequences of rape victimization, their sufferings under criminal justice system and adaptation problems in society. As descriptive study, content analysis and case studies basic methods were used. About 211 rape cases as secondary data and 23 rape cases as primary data were estimated in 2012. Most of victims were unmarried (age between 16-20) and more become victimized by acquaintance person where anger rape committed most (48.3% from newspapers and 100% from cases studies). Refuse of love was main factor for causing rape. Offender arrested rate was low (20.2%). running of trial process were less (44%). Medical test had completed for maximum cases (90.9%).suffering too much under criminal justice system was responsible for not reporting to police. Shame, fear, helplessness, frozen feelings were active as post traumatic situation. Free movement discards and degradation of quality of life arouse for adjustment problems after victimization. Findings were presented basis on objectives and explained by social structural, cultural, and institutional victimization theory. The study conducted for social awareness and for the improvement of criminal justice system towards rape victims.

The aim of our study is to assess the frequency of urinary tract infections in clean catch midstream urine, to isolate the urinary tract infection causing organism and their anti microbial sensitivity to various antibiotics in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. Our study was carried out in the time span of 12 months from January 2018 to December 2018 at GMERS Medical College Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The study included 1225 patients of all age group who had clinically evident chronic renal failure and taking hemodialysis. Out of 1225 patients presented clinically as chronic renal failure and taking hemodialysis, 365(29.80%) patients were culture positive and 860(70.20%) patients were culture negative. Out of 1225 patients of CRF taking hemodialysis 891(72.73%) were male and 334(27.27%) were female. In the present study maximum number of patients 97 were from age group 61-70 years followed by 57 patients from 21-30 years age group. Out of 365 cultures positive isolates 301(82.47%) were gram negative isolates and 64(17.53%) were gram positive isolates. Both gram negative and gram positive isolates are 100% sensitive to imipenam and least sensitive to amoxicillin 15.28% and 10.94% respectively. MDR in gram negative isolates were 19.27% and in gram positive isolates were 12.69%. our study is helpful in need for continous evaluation of local antibiotics sensitivity patterns for the formulation of rational antibiotic policy which will reduces further spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Background: With increasing rate of institutional deliveries, PPIUCD serves as an effective method of contraception that can be easily availed to the parturient at the health care facility. Objective: The present study evaluates the awareness and acceptance rates of PPIUCD among parturient at the time of delivery in both vaginal delivery and caesarean section. The continuation rate was also assessed at the first postpartum visit that is at 6 weeks. Method: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kamla Raja Hospital, Gwalior for a period of one year from Nov 2014 to Nov 2015. 100 cases of normal vaginal delivery and 100 cases of lower segment caesarean section were randomly selected and CuT 380A was inserted after obtaining their written consent. Result: Mean age of the study sample was 27.5 years ± 3.5years. The acceptance rate was higher when the counselling was done in early labor (61.5%). It was higher in primigravida (53%) than multigravida (47%). Its long term effect is the commonest reason for accepting this method. Most common complication that resulted in removal of PPIUCD was excessive bleeding per vaginum in vaginal delivery and pain in lower abdomen in caesarean section. Spontaneous expulsion of the device was noted in 3% of vaginal insertions and none in the cesarean insertion. Conclusion: PPIUCD is an excellent long term contraceptive method to limit or space child births offered to a woman in a setting when she is highly motivated and genuinely needs it.

Jute seed production season, methods and related practices for yield and their economics were selected for its being large concentration point in relation to production methods, yield and cost in Bangladesh. The technical review paper provides crucial insights regarding the past, present status and future prospects of jute seed scenarios of the country. The whole contents of the article covering all aspects of jute seed including strategies in overcoming the acute jute seed shortage of the country. Data were collected from different print media like different annual reports and journals during the year 2018 at Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka. Jute is grown in about 0.8 million hectares of land by about 3.5-4.0 million farmers. To cultivate that amount of land, the it require about 5000 to 5500 tons of seed. One of the most important problems for jute production in Bangladesh is the non-availability of quality seed at proper time of sowing. Only about 15%-20% quality jute seeds are supplied by institutional sources however the rest amount of quality seeds yet to be managed to supply. Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI) produces nucleus seed to produce “Breeder seed” duly certified by Seed Certification Agency (SCA). Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) collects Breeder seeds from BJRI for producing Foundation seeds at its own multiplication farms. BADC produces certified seeds through its contract growers. Besides, BJRI also produces 8-10 tons of Truthfully Leveled Seed (TLS) and distributed to the farmers. Since its inception BJRI has developed 42 varieties of jute fibre crops. Jute seed could be produced by direct seeding, plant top/stem cutting and seedling transplanting methods, called improved methods. In traditional method it took 240 to 270 days of field duration for seed production. In contrast 120 to 160 days of field duration required for any improved method. Seed sowing generally done during March-April for jute fibre, a part of matured plant’s of the same land kept for seed production in traditional system. However, in off-season, June-July was proved appropriate sowing time for Corchorus capsularis L.

Chronic renal failure is one of the slowest progressive and irreversible diseases of kidney function which is characterized by low glomerular filtration (GRF). Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is the 17thcause of disability and 12th major cause of death. Dialysis is the artificial way of carrying out removal of toxic metabolic products from blood, when the kidneys are not functioning. Even though there is a dramatic improvement of dialysis technology and pharmacological treatment, mortality rates for dialysis patients are still high. In India within a year approximately 9-13% hemodialysiate patients die. Highest cause of mortality among CKD is sudden cardiac death (SCD), in which death occurs from sudden unexpected cessation of cardiac activity with hemodynamic collapse. Serum creatinine and urea are considered as the most sensitive markers for the detection of the renal failure. In CKD patients one finds both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia which can be due to a decreased kidney function or due to diuretic administration eventhough their impact on mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not very well understood. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the pre and post dialysis samples for values of renal biochemical markers like serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes. Total 68 CKD patients were observed. Statistically significant difference was observed between pre and post dialysis blood urea, serum creatinine, sodium and potassium levels. Hemodialysis is an effective and efficient process in removing these undesirable metabolites, helps increase life expectancy.

The use of preservatives in inhibiting and retarding the growth of microorganism responsible for the spoilage or decay of food substance is of great interest. The anti-microbial activities of plant extracts like pawpaw form the basis for many applications, including raw and processed food preservation, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicines and natural therapies. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the preservative effect of pawpaw (carica papaya) seed extract on some selected food materials. T-solo variety of pawpaw was obtained from Akintola Farm, Kinnira, Ogbomoso and the seeds were fermented. Extracts from the fermented seeds were obtained using petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous solvents. Antioxidative study was carried out on the crude extracts using 1,1- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH) assay. Total Viable Bacteria (TVB) and Total Fungi Count (TFC) of akara, fish, soymilk and dairy milk were carried out. The DPPH were 42.14, 33.28, 18.85% for petroleum ether, n-hexane and hot aqueous extracts, respectively. The TVB and TFC of akara, fish, soymilk and dairy milk samples ranged (1.00 -1.42 x104, 0.60-1.57 x102; 1.30- 2.28x104, 1.50-2.22x102; 1.43-2.37x104, 0.80-2.86 x102 cfu/g and 1.20-2.60 x 104, 1.05 - 1.67 x 102 cfu/g), respectively.

Background: Patients with acute bronchiolitis are more prone to develop heart failure even in those without underlying cardiac diseases. Clinical assessment of heart failure in such subjects is a challenge. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of myocardial performance index and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) as predictors of Heart failure during acute bronchiolitis and correlate them to clinical manifestation. Method: 50 subjects with acute bronchiolitis were enrolled in the study over one year duration; 30 healthy subjects of matched age and gender as control group. Heart failure was identified according to clinical, cardiomegaly in X ray and modified ROS classification. We assess the association between clinical manifestations, echocardiographic findings and serum BNP in subjects with bronchiolitis with and without heart failure. Results: 30% of subjects with bronchiolitis developed heart failure. There is significant decreased tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion and significant increase in pulmonary artery systolic pressure, myocardial performance index (MPI) and BNP during acute bronchiolitis especially among those who developed heart failure. Regression analysis revealed that MPI and BNP are independent predictors of heart failure during acute bronchiolitis. Conclusion: MPI is a valuable echocardiographic marker for early detection of heart failure while BNP is a useful circulating biomarker that can be used to differentiate respiratory distress due to heart failure from pulmonary diseases. It can also be used to estimate the prognosis, as well as to predict cardiac complication in infants presented with acute bronchiolitis

The main purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between capital structure (debt-equity) as and Profitability of the listed cement companies in Pakistan Stock Exchange. Further specific objective is to find out relation of debt equity with gross profit, earning per share, and return on capital and return on equity. The sample is taken from 10 cement companies which are listed on Pakistan stock exchange. The secondary data is taken from 2011 to 2018 (i.e. 8 years). Mean and standard deviation of all ratios and Pearson product correlation analysis is performed with the help of Eviews 9 to find the relationship between capital structure and profitability. This research determines that debt / equity (Capital Structure) is adversely linked with the profitability, it suggests that decrease in the profitability of the organizations is due to increase in debt capital & vice versa.

Introduction: Alcoholic cirrhosis is the end spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which includes fatty liver or simple steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and super-imposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several studies have been conducted on dyslipidemia in cirrhotics in developed countries, there is a paucity of data in this regard in India. As there is a high prevalence of chronic liver disease in our country, we conducted this study to determine lipid levels in patients with cirrhosis and to assess if it relates to the severity of cirrhosis according to pughcriteria. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional case-control study conducted on alcoholic cirrhotic patients and 50 healthy individuals (controls) without history of alcohol consumption. All the cases were investigated for fasting lipid profile and ultrasonographic evidence of cirrhosis. Biochemical tests including liver function tests were performed, which assisted in the diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. These include serum bilirubin, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, aspartateaminotranferase (AST), alanineaminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The data was collected systematically and analysed statistically according to the standard statistical methods. Results: Serum total, LDL, HDL, VLDL, cholesterol and trigylceride level in patients with cirrhosis is inversely correlate with severity of cirrhosis

The transformation of the Ministry of Defense's budget policy, the Indonesian National Armed Forces Headquarters and three other departments (Army Headquarters, Navy Headquarters and Air Force Headquarters) from the money follow function to money follow approach requires the implementation and development of holistic financial planning, budgeting and management information systems. thematic and integrative. The pattern of relationships between variables concerning human resources in organizations, such as user participation, user satisfaction, user perceptions of task complexity, perceptions of system complexity and perceptions of system performance determine the effectiveness and efficiency of information systems. This study aims to find out what the overall level of compatibility of the model explains the direct and indirect relationship between participation, task complexity, system complexity, satisfaction with performance. Using a single cross-sectional survey design, data collection through face-to-face interviews with 209 information system users with a questionnaire as the main data collection tool and data analysis applying the structural equation model (Structural Equation Model) with the help of LISREL 8.5 software, this study concluded that there were compatibility of the whole model, measurement model and structural model hypothesized by research with data obtained from research (survey).

The damage caused by the lupus nephritis to the patient's kidney was very little studied for treatment module; however, we have the understanding the disease involving in the kidneys by an immune complex glomerulonephritis. Human genomics have been decoded since 2004, it should give clinical scientists and medical doctors a new scenery to develop some new treatment modules to cure these kinds of patients. Here we used a group of genomic data from lupus nephritis to combine the modern medicine knowledge and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) so that an integration module will be subject to the clinical field. The integration model is primarily relied on a comprehensive regulation mechanism of system biology including network, topology and gene-drug interaction database. In this manual we first study the role using genomic expression signature from several databases of clinical lupus nephritis, and then we combine current medications with their immune suppress treatment and TCM with their theory and medication in order that the integration model was eventually established. In near future, we will extend a second-generation model based on the module by using a set of clinical genomic data from different patients such as individual patient genomic data, each patient symptom, laboratory results.

The incidence of breast cancer is increasing throughout the world as well as in India. Many risk factors and prognostic factors of breast cancer have been identified but the associations between mast cell infiltration and the clinical features of breast cancer remain unclear. The aim of the study was to estimate the mast cells number in malignant tumors and axillary lymph node and to find out any correlation between the number of mast cells and hormone receptor status. An institution based descriptive study was done in a tertiary care hospital. Total 44 specimens of post operative breast tissue with malignant breast lesion & dissected axillary lymph nodes were taken. Counting of mast cells was done in Toluidine blue stain. Immunohistochemical staining was done for ER, PR & HER2/neu using immunostaining kit. It was observed that when the tumor grade increases the number of must cell decreased per high power field. The mast cell count was significantly higher in cases of ER positive and PR positive breast cancers than that of the ER negative and PR negative respectively but there was no significant relation between mast cell count of HER2/neu. Mean mast cell count of triple negative cases was significantly low. This study indicated that the number of mast cells in breast cancer was inversely correlated with the grade of this tumor and higher mast cell count was related to good prognosis.

Organophosphorus compounds are organic compounds containing phosphorus. They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment. Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to man, including sarin and VX nerve agents. To study the myocardial involvement in organophosphorus compound poisoning. Patients got admitted to the department of medicine, Adichunchanagiri institute of medical sciences, with history of organophosphorus compound poisoning during the period of January 2016 to December 2016. In the preset study, the incidence of OP compound poisoning common in males compared to females. Majority of patients were in the age group 31-49 years. The most common clinical finding in patients was tachycardia (36%) followed by bradycardia (32%). Hypertension was seen in 5 (20%) patients and 4 (16%) showed hypotension. Most common ECG finding was ST elevation (48%), Sinus tachycardia (24%) and QT prolongation (16%) and sinus bradycardia (12%). 15 (60%) of the patient had a significant levels of serum Acetylcholinesterase level >2500 IU/L. Cardiovascular effects are quite common following acute OP poisoning. These effects pertain to different muscarinic and nicotinic effects on the heart, electrolyte disturbances, ABG disorders, respiratory failure and over-atropinization.

Coronoid process is a triangular plate of bone seen in the upper part of ramus of the mandible. It shows variations in the shape due to the differences in the attachment of two important muscles of mastication- masseter and temporalis. The changes in the shape helps in identification of race and to surgeons during operative procedures. The aim of the present study is to observe the changes in the shape and to compare with other studies. 121 sides of the mandibles were studied and the results were represented graphically. A unique quadrilateral shape of the coronoid process was detected for a mandible unilaterally. The most common shape was triangular (43.80%) followed by rounded (38.84%) and hooked (16.52%) in that order. The values correlated with other studies on comparison as p value calculated was significant statistically.

Background: Approximately 1–2% of the adult population in developed countries has Heart Failure, with the prevalence rising to ≥10% among persons 70 years or more. Most of the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormone have been clarified. Thyroid hormones produce changes in cardiac inotropism and chronotropism more rapidly than would be expected from regulation of gene expression. Hypothyroidism causes cardiac atrophy, due to decreased αMHC expression and increased β MHC expression. Moreover, hypothyroidism also leads to chamber dilatation and impaired myocardial blood flow [1]. Material and Methods: 200 patients between age group of 45 to 75 yrs, presented in medical emergency and medical outdoor of the institution with heart failure were studied. Comparison of Thyroid Profile and LVIDd (Left Ventricular Internal Diameter at Diastole) was done at Baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results: After comparing the thyroid profile and 2DEchocardiography findings in subclinical hypothyroidism of treated group after 6 months, there was increase in TSH and fall in FT4 (p 0.001) with a significant improvement in LVIDd. Conclusion: There was improvement in EF, a decrease in LVIDd, increase in Mitral E velocity, decrease in Mitral A velocity and increase in E/A ratio in cases as compared to controls with treatment