Introduction: The study was intended to assess perception of medical undergraduates towards different teaching aids utilized for giving study strategy. A comparison between conventional techniques for teaching, for example, writing chalk and board with lecture delivery utilizing projectors and transparencies and Power Point presentation. Materials and method: First year medical undergraduates were requested to fill a questionnaire in regards to their perception towards different study technique delivery systems. The students were also interviewed after analysis of result. Results: Majority of medical undergraduates (42%) favored blackboard and chalk while 31% favored PowerPoint presentations and just 26% favored projectors and transparencies. Discussion: The students favored lectures over PowerPoint presentations; but, there was no reasonable outline as to prevalence of any method. Fundamental inclination was collaboration with teacher as came out in meeting with students. Subsequently it highlights that in hands of a trained teacher any prop is valuable. It additionally highlights the requirement for training teachers to better utilize recent advances in innovations to better convey and promote understudies.

The remnants of left venous valve of sinus venosus are rarely noticed in the interior of right atrium. The remnants can be seen attached to the floor of fossa ovalis. The incidence of remnants of left venous valve was studied in 50 cadaveric hearts utilised for undergraduate teaching programme. The right atrium was opened and the interior was studied for the presence of these embryological remnants. The incidence of remnants of left venous valve is 12% in the present study. It was seen either inform of membranous structure or fibrous strands attached to the fossa ovalis. This anomaly may give rise to complications like thromboembolism or difficulty during important surgical procedures of the interatrial septum. So knowledge regarding the incidence, morphology and complications of this embryological remnant is mandatory. Keywords: Fossa ovalis, left venous valve, right atrium, sinus venosus, cadveric hearts.

Intertrochanteric fractures of the femur are commonly seen in the orthopedic department due to increased life expectancy and sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, these kinds of fractures are commonly seen in the geriatric population. Management is, therefore, challenging due to age and associated medical conditions present in the older patients. We in the present study to compare the outcome of surgical management of inter-trochanteric fractures of the femur with the dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femur nailing fixation (PFN). Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study of surgical management of inter-trochanteric fractures of the femur was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Warangal. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of n=30 cases were identified during the study period from August 2016 to October 2018. Out of which n= 15 were treated by PFN fixation and n=15 were treated were treated with DHS method. Standard operative and surgical techniques were utilized and postoperative care is done. Follow up of cases in both categories was at 2, 4, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the surgery. Results: The total numbers of the male were n=16 (53.33%) and female were n=14 (46.66%). The mode of injury revealed 11 cases were due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) and trivial falls were found in n= 19 (63.33%) of the patients. In n=18 (60%) the right side was involved in the fractures and in n=12(40%) left side was involved in the fractures. A total of n=14 (46.65%) complications were seen during the operative procedures n=3 (10%) complications each was seen due to failure to get an anatomical reduction, failure to put derotation screw, and Varus Angulation n=2 (6.66%). Conclusion: it can be concluded that PFN and DHS have similar outcomes for stable intertrochanteric fractures but in cases of unstable intertrochanteric fractures PFN may be considered the best option. PFN generally has the advantage of being useful in weak osteoporotic patients and is biomechanically sound as it is done by closed technique, fracture opened only when closed reduction could not be achieved and it is an intramedullary device

Few studies have assessed the real gain in satisfaction and quality of life of patients rehabilitated with full-arch implantsupported prosthesis. Here, a validated questionnaire (OHIP-14) was used to assess satisfaction and quality of life of patients using total upper and/or lower prosthesis who were rehabilitated with this type of prostheses. The sample consisted of 150 patients divided in three groups (Group 1 = lower protocol; Group 2 = upper protocol; and Group 3 = upper and lower protocol). Most of the answers were zero for all three groups. The intergroup analysis showed no significant difference in the total sum of questions. In the intragroup analysis, the total sum of questions was significantly smaller in the Upper and Lower Group. Time of use of fixed prosthesis accounts for over 30% of the variation in total OHIP-14. There was no influence of protocol location on OHIP-14 answers and, in general, the satisfaction of patients rehabilitated with implant-supported prosthesis is clear

This study aims to reach an ingredient-advertising strategy aimed to influence the interest of buying host-product. It uses between-subject experiment (i.e., advertising strategy for ingredient-advertisement: emotional, informational, and the combination between them) and within-subject experiment (i.e., high-involvement, low involvement). Printed ingredient-advertising followed by information about host-product is used as the stimulus. An evaluation is through questionnaires. The result of this study brings evidence for the hypothesis. Future researches may involve other sources to manipulate and inform information with multiple exposures

The purpose of the study was to determine community socio-economic factors affecting students‟ academic performance in public Secondary schools in Rongo Sub-county, Migori County, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research designs. The study was based on the conceptual framework. The targeted populations were 45 head teachers, 45 Guidance and Counseling teachers, 45(Parents Teachers Association (PTA) chairpersons, 14523 students, 5 Zonal Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (ZQASOs). The researcher used saturated sampling technique to select 45 head teachers, 45 Guidance and Counseling teachers, 45 PTA chairpersons and 5 ZQASOs, purposive random sampling was used to select 450 students. The instruments of data collection were questionnaires, in-depth interview, and document analysis. Reliability of the instruments was addressed through piloting in 5 schools and reliability coefficients were obtained by subjecting the instruments to a Split-half Technique and Spearman “Brown Prophesy formula”. The coefficient of reliability obtained was 0.721 which indicated that the instruments were reliable. To ensure face and content validity of the research instruments, 2 experts in the department of Educational Administration Planning and Economics, Kisii University were requested to scrutinize the research instruments so as to validate them. Data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data was analyzed using likert scale and other qualitative data were analyzed in an ongoing process as themes and sub-themes emerged. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The finding revealed that 25(62.5%) of Head Teachers agreed that community assist in the mobilizing students to go to school hence increase enrolment. It was concluded that the significant community socio-economic activities that promoted academic performnce were: School sponsorship, provision of piped and natural fountains of water,spiritual nourishment of students provision of physical facilities. It recommended that the schools should develop relations with the community to tap the full potentialities needed for academic performance. The researcher adhered to research ethics including plagiarism and getting the consent of respondents among others.

Introduction: Diagnosis of neuroborreliosis may be difficult. Neuroborreliosis mainly results in lymphocytic meningitis and in meningoradiculitis. Case report: We report the case of a patient who developed a sudden facial diplegia, revealing neuroborreliosis proved by positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid serology. The patient had no previous history of tick bite and migrans erythema. The patient was given ceftriaxone therapy (2 g/day for 21 days), leading to resolution of all clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Our report underscores that neuroborreliosis should be considered in patients exhibiting facial diplegia. Thus, Lyme serology should be performed systematically in these patients. Altogether, early management is crucial, before the onset of neurological manifestations at late stage, leading to disabling sequelae despite antibiotic therapy

Ameloblastoma is a rare neoplasm of the mandible and maxilla of odontogenic epithelial origin. It has multiple histologic variants. Most common subtype is the multicystic variant of ameloblastoma while its another variant unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is relatively uncommon which usually occur in younger populations. In this article, we report a case of Unicystic Ameloblastoma in a 22 year old female which was provisionally diagnosed as dentigerous cyst based on clinico - radiographic features and was treated conservatively. Detailed microscopic examination revealed features of Unicystic ameloblastoma which requires long term follow-up to check for recurrence.

The main aim of this study is to present a new, effective approach to diagnose Diabetes Mellitus in a timely, accurate and cost-effective manner, thanks to using technology and new, patented diagnosing procedure. This study shows results of diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus in two different Clinical Expert Decision Support Systems and presents a new way to diagnose diabetes through commonly used urine test strips. It also shows, how this new approach may be reflected into diagnosing algorithms that can be used in diagnostics systems.

Security is a cornerstone of development and progress in a free society. A basic and widespread understanding of the importance of security as a guarantee of citizens’ well-being and the stability of the State itself is therefore essential. Moreover, the Middle East is home to many diverse peoples, with ancient and proud cultures, in varying stages of political and socio-economic development, often times in conflict. Now in a state of historic flux, the Arab Spring has transformed the Middle Eastern landscape, with great consequence for the Arab national security strategies of the neighboring countries and their foreign relations. The Arab National security environment in the Arab World has become increasingly complicated after the independence. This paper identifies several important trends that are shaping the Arab national security and identifies their implications with the rest of the world However; ongoing domestic changes throughout the region will become increasingly important as well. Issues such as political reform, Arab spring revolution, economic reform, civil-military relations, leadership change, and the information revolution are all affecting the regional security dynamics. This research paper examines each of these issue areas and identifies some of the challenges that they pose for the Arab world international relations. The paper covered, Dimensions, perceptions, risks and future strategy security; challenges of natural geography; political contestation following the Arab Spring and state responses; the military tool; armed non-state actors; US Middle East policy; regional security architecture; and the historical role of the army in Middle East state-building. The National security is a concept that a government, along with its parliaments, should protect the state and its citizens against all kind of "national" crises through a variety of power projections, such as political power, diplomacy, economic power, military might, and so on.

This study aims to determine how the significant role between the role of Leadership and Communication on Teacher Performance in Semarang High School. Respondents in this study were high school teachers in the Semarang region with a sample of 81 respondents. The results showed that leadership and communication had an effect on the performance of teachers in senior high schools in the Semarang District

Liver cirrhosis is a life-threatening disease and quick diagnosis of liver cirrhosis is important. Liver Biopsy is considered a gold standard method for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. However, it is an invasive method. Basic imaging and non-invasive methods have been developed over the last few decades for the detection of liver cirrhosis. The aim of our research is to compare shear wave elastography with greyscale and Doppler ultrasonography for better treatment and diagnosis of Liver Cirrhosis. One-ninety-five (195) patients were selected at INMOL Hospital, Lahore radiology department suffering from cirrhosis. On Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) Elasticity and Stiffness were mean 21.76±9.00 Kpa (10.50 to 72.3 Kpa) and Shear-wave Velocity Mode was mean 2.578±0.4766 cm/s (2.08 to 4.86) cm/s. This study showed that the greyscale and Doppler ultrasonography alone is not enough for the detection of Liver cirrhosis and Shear wave elastography (SWE) is the more accurate and best method for the detection of Liver Cirrhosis

The review briefly clarifies and summarize some of the major research works on cereals at molecular level. Some basic knowledge about cereals and the isolation and quantification of DNA along with various researches that are previously reported are gathered and presented briefly.

Background: The manuscript is originally the internship report of Muhammad Junaid, submitted for the partial fulfilment of the degree of BSc (h) to University of Swabi. The internship was completed at NIFA (Nuclear Institute of Food and Agriculture), Peshawar, KP-Pakistan under the supervision of Syed Tariq Shah, Senior Scientist, NIFA Peshawar in 2014. The results obtained are from the original project of Syed Tariq Shah, Senior Scientist, NIFA Peshawar. Methodology: Ten advance lines of wheat were surface sterilized by 70% ethanol for two minutes and then rinse with double distilled water three times. Again washed with mercuric chloride and washed with double distilled water for three times. The sterilized seeds were cultured in Petri dish and kept it in growth chamber at 25oC. When the plants achieved optimum size after germination, the flag leaf were collected on the basis of weight and stored at -80 for molecular analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from these leaves using DNeasy plant mini kit. Agarose gel was run after the DNA extraction and then the Spectrophotometric Determination was done. Results: The results literally focused on to study an efficient method for extraction of genomic DNA and to determine the quality and quantity of genomic DNA. After the extraction of genomic DNA from the plant tissues the quantification, quality and concentrations of isolated genomic DNA were verified on 1% of Agarose gel. RNA and other polysaccharides proteins contamination in the Data is not recoded providing a very rapid and sensitive means of estimating the nucleic acid concentration. DNA concentration was also measured and quantified by ultraviolet spectrophotometer using ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Results showed the differences in DNA yield and DNA quality among the advanced lines of ten wheat samples. Purified genomic DNA has A260/A280 ratios of 1.5–1.77, and absorbance confirming high purity. L-10 shows the highest yield of DNA that is 462.47 and the lowest DNA yield is of L-7 that is 355.54, the OD260/280 of L-3 is high then the remaining nine lines. Conclusion: DNeasy plant mini kit is an efficient for genomic DNA extraction and purification.

Fig (Ficus carica) is one of the famous fruit species in world wide. The present study was undertaken to investigate “the performance of fig cultivars (Local, Brown Turkey and Black Mission) planted in high density system under agro-climatic conditions of Islamabad”, at the experimental farm of National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad. Production and quality data were recorded for the evaluation of these cultivars. Five parameter (number of fruits, weight, size (volume), TSS, and yield plant-1) with three replications and five plants replication-1 for each cultivars were studied during the experiment and after harvesting. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). It was observed that number of fruits plant-1 indicated a significant difference among cultivars. Highest number of fruits plant-1 were observed in Brown Turkey (12.48) followed by Black Mission, while lowest number of fruits plant-1 (10.38) was noted in local cultivar. Maximum fruit weight (25.77 g) was recorded in Local selection while lowest fruit weight (20.39 g) was found in Brown Turkey cultivar. Fruit volume, and maximum fruit size was observed in Brown Turkey (22 ml) followed by Black Mission having (19.33 ml). Maximum TSS of fruits was observed in Black Mission (12.49) while minimum TSS (11.03) of fruits was recorded in Brown Turkey. The maximum yield plant-1 was recorded in local selection (265.43 g) followed by Black Mission having (256.2 g) plant-1.The result of this study suggested that brown turkey followed by local selection was found the best in relation to growth and yield of fig tree in Agro-climatic condition of Islamabad.