Background: Basic Life Support (BLS) / Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) are an important part of emergency Medical care. Aims and objective: This study was done among Dental practitioners, to know their knowledge and perceptions about BLS, as they are going to face such situations in future, as Doctors. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among Dental Practitioners. The awareness about recent guidelines of American heart association (AHA), BLS, and factors associated which include Profession, gender, previous BLS training and updated with Highlights of 2015 were assessed by using a self-administered structured MCQ questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: The descriptive analysis was run to find the proportions of various parameters. Significant results were considered at 5% level of significance. Results: Our participants were aware of BLS, showed positive knowledge and attitude toward it, with the statistically significant p value.Conclusion: By introducing BLS regularly in the Academic curriculum and by routine hands-on workshops, all the health-care providers should be well versed with the BLS skills for effectively managing the life threatening emergencies. Repeated training would increase their confidence.

Management of radial head and neck fractures involves precontoured plate fixation.Proper plate fixation by determination of safe zone helps in restoration of normal mobility and function at radio ulnar and elbow joint. Aims and objectives of present study includes :1) To estimate bending radius of neck head curvature in the safe zone (BR), 2) Types of curvature classified as flat profile, low concave curvature and marked concave curvature at safe zone and 3) To estimate the differences in parameters between right and left radii. Results: Mean bending radii at safe zone was 25.66±9.64 and 29.97±10.40 in right and left side respectively. There was significant difference in values of bending radii between right and left sides. Low concave curvature was most prevalent type of curvature. Conclusion: Estimation of bending radii at safe and its morphology can help in reducing impingement and help in reducing postoperative complications.

For a long time, the Rohingya crisis has been a long debated issue between Myanmar and Bangladesh. Recently, the same issue got an influx and major attention of nations and international organizations as millions of Rohingya refugees fled to Bangladesh. This paper aims to highlight this form a very close range. The authors went to the Rohingya refugee camps located in Cox‟s Bazar and collected data though direct interview with the refugees. In addition to that, information from different published sources like media, websites and articles were collected to write this paper. At the end, the authors urged international communities to help solving this crisis. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of research in this issue. The authors are expecting that this article can be used as the base paper for further research in Rohingya issue

Nowadays, Engineers are superheroes as such, must be ready for anything in an increasingly technology-dependent world. Throughout the work of engineers, we are able to have smart-phones, computers, HD video, satellites TV, airplanes, electric cars, robots, and air conditioners. The list goes on and on. Engineers have enabled us to explore the galaxy, break the sound barrier in a car, replace the broken parts, and instantly connect with anyone all over the world and so much more. This report focuses on engineering job preferences. The Egyptian engineering graduates are said to be more likely to apply for or wait for public sector jobs. Certainly, this seems to be the same in other Arabic countries. The past government supported practice of expanding youth employment in the public sector is no longer sustainable. More and better economic opportunities for professional engineers need to be generated in the private sector by encouraging youth entrepreneurship and the development of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) [1].

The main purpose of this study was, to assess the factors influencing practice of patient education among nurse Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore. The patient teaching is considered an important aspect of quality healthcare among nursing care. Patient education is necessary for the patients as it improves the patients' satisfaction and decrease the level of anxiety and short their stay in hospital. The significance of this study was minimizing the factors and enhances the nurse's attention toward educating the patient regarding disease which improve patient health and reduce the stay of patients in hospital. A cross section study design was used to explore factors influencing the practice of patient education among nurses Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore. Random sampling techniques were used in selecting 171 nurses at Sir Ganga Ram hospital. Questionnaire is Adapted from prior studies [1]. Questionnaire consist on three part, one part is the demographic and second part is knowledge and practice of patient education and 3rd part is factors influencing practice of patient education. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.the main finding of this study according to chi square knowledge and practice of patient of education and workload, work experience, culture barrier, lack of time, insufficient staff, are the key factors that influencing practice of patient education among nurses.

Background: ADHD is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders, not only in Egypt but also in the world. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on improving the elementary teachers‟ knowledge, attitudes and sense of self efficacy toward ADHD children. Methods A quasi-experimental, quantitative, (pre/ post one group) research design was used with 100 elementary teachers recruited conveniently from two schools located at Shebin Elkom city ,affiliated to Ministry of Education, Menoufyia Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected by using 3 main tools which are The KADDS scale, The teacher attitude towards inclusion scale (TAIS) ,and Teacher Efficacy Beliefs Scale (TEBS) for instructing and managing students with behavioral difficulties The results revealed that, the majority( 95% &96%) of studied subjects were Bachelor degree of education .and their mean age was(40.99±9.73). There was a highly statistical significant difference between pre and post interventions of knowledge of Attention Deficit disorders (KADDS), teacher self-efficacy beliefs at p-value < 0.000. While, there was no significant difference between pre and post teachers‟ attitudes of including ADHD students in their regular classes. Conclusion: the current study demonstrated that educational interventions can increase elementary school teachers‟ ADHD knowledge and self-efficacy. Whereas improving attitudes was little with no significant difference between pre/post assessment, our findings suggest that a brief professional educational intervention can be utilized to greatly increase teachers‟ ADHD knowledge, providing a costeffective, practical solution to address this well-evidenced gap in teachers‟ training and knowledge about the disorder. Therefore, it is recommended that there is an urgent need to ensure that pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers have a sound knowledge of ADHD and maintain favorable attitudes toward teaching children with ADHD.

According to World health organization (WHO), the oral health is considered as an integral part of the general health of an individual. In India, oral health care services have limited access in rural as well as urban population with vast differences in oral health status. The knowledge of oral health in medical graduates has more opportunities to spread in our rural and urban community. Present study was conducted with an aim to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice of oral health among first professional under graduate medical students of tertiary care teaching hospital in India. An observational, descriptive, cross- sectional study was conducted at GMERS medical college, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat among first professional medical students. A self-structured, pre validated, close ended questionnaire consists of total 15 multiple choice questions. Out of this total, 6 questions are on knowledge of oral health, 5 questions on attitude of oral health and 4 questions on practice of oral health was used for this study. A total of 62.16% of first professional students knew the different techniques for teeth brushing. A total of 8.78 % of students knew about halitosis. A total of 97.97 % of students believed that brushing teeth in morning and night to keep them healthy. A total of 73.65% of students believed that using fluoride toothpaste strengthen the teeth. A total of 56.08% of students brush their teeth once daily. A total of 15.45 % of students had visited dentist at least once in a year. There is need of further exposure of dental knowledge among first professional medical students, so they can serve community in better ways.

The periodontal clinical measures of the effects of surgical and non-surgical techniques have been widely described, but the subjective parameters after the procedures need to be well investigated, focusing their direct influence on the quality of life of these individuals. This observational study aims to evaluate the impact of periodontal disease on the quality of life of individuals submitted to surgical and non-surgical periodontal treatment through the application of the OHIP-14 questionnaire. Sixty patients were interviewed, of which 30 were from the surgical treatment group and 30 were from the non-surgical treatment group. The subjects included in the study underwent surgical periodontal treatment with flap for access to scaling and non-surgical periodontal treatment with scaling and root straightening. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was applied at two times, 7 days and 30 days after treatment. The results of the surgical periodontal treatment group after 7 days showed a significant impact on quality of life, after 30 days did not show improvement in the quality of life, affecting the subgroup, and the results of non-surgical periodontal treatment after 7 days showed a small impact in quality of life after 30 days revealed an increase in quality of life. We concluded that the surgical periodontal treatment did not show benefits to the quality of life of the individuals, affecting more subgroup already the non-surgical periodontal treatment showed significant improvement in the quality of life of the individuals included in this study. Being the non-surgical treatment, the periodontal treatment of first choice more indicated and with greater chances of success.

The main objective of the present study was to relate the urine urobillinogen with tooth decay. It is a colorless substance that is formed by the reduction of the bilirubin and bilirubin is a yellowish substance that is formed by the breakdown of the red blood cells. So urobillinogen is a substance that is formed by the bacterial attack upon the bilirubin in the intestine (duodenum). A total of 100 subjects get involved in this study from Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan. After taking the results we designed a project based upon these results. In this some had normal percentage and some had 1 or 0.1 percentage. In this, females that had negative percentage were 10% and had positive 55% in the case of when they had tooth decay. While values for females were in case of when they had no tooth decay for negative percentage were 11% and for positive percentage were 25%. In case of males that had tooth decay were 10% in negative case, while had 58% in positive case. When males had no tooth decay value for negative were 11% and for positive percentage were 25%. It was concluded that there was no relation among tooth decay and urobillinogen.

Hepatitis C is a major global problem, there are 71 million of people have chronic HCV, 50%-80% of them develop liver cirrhosis and cancer. Around 350,000 to 500,000 of infected people die yearly from HCV complications. Prevalence of HCV in Iraq have not estimated since 2017. The current study aimed to assess the number of HCV infected people in Iraq, identify the most important risk factors for HCV transmission and lastly survey infected people to investigate their precautious practices in order to prevent HCV transmission. HCV infection recorded the highest in 2018 with 3.7% of people are infected per 10,000 whereas in 2017, prevalence rate was 0.05%. HCV infection were dominant among male with age group between 40-51 (p>0.05). Most important risk factors for HCV transmission are hemodialysis and repeated blood transfusion in thalassemia patients, HCV infections were 23% and 16% consequently. Most surveyed patients (72.5%) are doing good practicing to prevent HCV transmission whereas the latitude of few patients (27.5%) is not enough to prevent the spread of disease, most of those patients are married couples who practicing unprotected intercourse and under no antiviral medications.

Extraction of gables from remote sensing sources and GIS application has been the subject of slight research. An accurate gable inventory is required for applications such as GIS database number of shanties town, impervious surfaces mapping and Know the places of the displaced through the use of shanties. A methodology for automatic gables extraction that integrates remote sensing sources and GIS data was proposed, where it was consists of a series of image processing (Conversion of DNs to Top, apply tasseled cap transformation (TCT) Brightness). The extraction process was implemented and tested on gable (including commercial and residential) type. In addition, google earth data from Baghdad city, Iraq was identified for the testing and validation of the results. The automatic extraction process was tested and evaluated on multiple feature segments and proved to be successful. The research identifies, recommendations algorithm extraction scenario and drawbacks of the process.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the somatotype profile and to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) according to the somatotype among heavy load carriers. This cross-sectional study was performed on 301 carriers. The method used for determining the somatotype according to Heath and Carter was characterised by calculating the individual components: endomorphic, mesomorphic, ectomorphic. Prevalence of the MSDs was investigated with a Nordic Questionnaire. The neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, hips/thigh were the body parts in which more than 50% carriers reported MSDs. The MSDs at the level of the wrists/hands was significantly (P <0.001) more frequent in the mesomorphic profile (53.8%) compare to the profiles of endomorphic (10.9%) or ectomorphic (40.9%). In contrast, the frequency of MSDs at the ankles/feet was reported to be significantly higher in the ectomorphic profile (40.0%). This study showed the endomorphic profile to be the most representative among heavy load carriers followed by the ectomorphic profile. If the MSDs at wrists/hands and the ankles/feet were more in mesomorphic and ectomorphic profiles than in endomorph group, the rate of MSDs at the neck, shoulders, upper and lower back, hips/thighs were the same in the three groups.

The level of endangerment a language faces is relative to the degree of its resources viz a large and active speaker population; a thriving literary tradition complemented by a widespread and flourishing readership, and the prestige accorded the language by its speakers. In this sense, most languages of the world face one or the other forms of endangerment. This paper however, explores a form of endangerment emanating from within the resources of the language itself. It observes an ironic even if pathetic situation, where the very resources of a language, particularly its Media and literary tradition have its thriving practices marked by a propensity for appropriating words from other language(s) considered more prestigious because of the socio-economic , educational, and political standing it enjoys globally. This, the paper argues is as threatening to the pristine existence of a language as other forms of endangerment. Consequently, it suggests borrowing across dialects of the language family than to opt for appropriating words from other foreign and prestigious languages, particularly for words that exist in the repertoire of either the language or in any of its dialects, For example, the persistent use of the English derivative ‘chanji’ from the English ‘Change’ where an equally two-syllable word of the same semantic implication exist in Hausa, ‘Sauyi’.This obnoxious and depreciating practice largely characterizes the use of the Hausa language in our films, literary texts especially of the popular culture genre and other popular media. The practice of unnecessarily substituting a linguistic item in a language with an equivalent from another language is often injurious to the wellbeing of the former as soon its speakers gradually lose the sense of those substituted linguistic items.

Ear length, ear width, lobular length and lobular width are different in every human at their various stage of age. The study aimed at to obtain morphometric measurements in relation to age and combined analysis of right and left ears. 250 peoples selected for this study. All measurements were taken with help of digital vernier caliper and recorded in centimeter after taking informed written consent. The mean and SD of TEH were 5.79 ± 0.36 cm, 5.72 ± 0.37cm, EW were 2.63 ± 0.27 cm and 2.71 ± 0.29 cm, LH of right and left ear were1.54 ± 0.16 cm and 1.62 ± 0.17 cm and LW were 1.68 ± 0.26 cm and 1.69 ± 0.21 cm of right and left ear in 16-19 age group respectively. In the age group of 20 -22 years, the mean and SD of TEH were 5.98 ± 0.43 cm and 5.91 ± 0.42 cm, EW were 2.87 ± 0.27 cm and 2.81 ± 0.26 cm, LH were 1.60 ± 0.18 cm and 1.66 ± 0.17 cm and LW were 1.70 ± 0.26 cm and 1.74 ± 0.26 cm of right and left ear. In the age group of 23-26 years the mean and SD of TEH were 6.16 ± 0.29 cm and 6.03 ± 0.18 cm, EW were 2.99 ± 0.19 cm and 3.00 ± 0.22 cm, LH were 1.63 ± 0.19 cm and 1.67 ± 0.13 cm and LW were1.71 ± 0.23 1.80 ± 0.23 of right and left ear. All parameter were increasing with advancing age.

Background: Odontogenic lesions are tumours and cysts originating from the odontogenic epithelium and or ectomesenchyme and its vestigies. They are a wide array of cystic and neoplastic lesions which have been seen in all age groups. There is robust knowledge on the epidemiology of odontogenic tumours in all age groups, however paediatric odontogenic tumours due to their relative rarity have not been well researched and this has led to a conspicuous paucity of literature and knowledge gap on the specific demographics of these lesions in the paediatric age group. Objectives: To assess the prevalence, age, gender and site distribution of odontogenic tumours and cysts seen at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital within the paediatric group between January 2013 and December 2017. Materials and methods: Records from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry over a period of 5 years (January 2013 to December 2017) were reviewed. Information relating to the type of paediatric odontogenic lesion, age, gender and site of lesion was extracted and recorded on data forms. Lesions were grouped into primary dentition (0 to 5 years), mixed dentition (6 to 12 years) and permanent (13 to 17 years) dentition periods. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 20). Result: Paediatric odontogenic lesions comprised 40 cases (29.63%) of the total odontogenic lesions, 30.53% of all paediatric lesions and 6.64% of all paediatric orofacial lesions seen within the 5 year study period (January 2013 to December 2018).