Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracyclin antitumor antibiotic closely related to the natural product daunomycin. The most dangerous side effect of DOX is cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the cardiotoxicity of DOX by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB) enzymes, and troponin I level in serum, and measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the heart muscle tissue. Sixty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the right thigh of the hind limb of a mouse. The total period of the experiment was 49 days (7 days before and 42 days after tumor inoculation). Mice were randomly divided into three groups (20 mice per each group) as follows: Group 1: Control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days). Group 2: Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. Group 3: DOX group, in which mice received DOX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. The results of this study showed that, treatments with an intraperitoneal injection of DOX lead to increase of myocardial infarction markers as serum LDH, CK-MB enzyme activities, and Troponin I level. MDA increases in cardiac tissue homogenate in treated mice with DOX. It can be concluded that DOX treatment of male mice inoculated with SEC Tumor induced a myocardial infarction. Therefore, cancer patients treat with DOX should be checked the serum LDH, CK-MB enzyme activities, and Troponin I level during treatment to avoid myocardial infarction.

Arbitration, the contractual alternative of dispute settlement, though it has scored greater efficiency and become a venerable mode of dispute settlement in this business world; it has been encumbered by court intervention, nowadays. Court intervention is appropriate and justified almost in all jurisdictions in different degrees and contexts. However, unless its justifications, instances, and extent are well stipulated and fettered under national arbitration law, unwarranted interventions could restrain arbitration proceedings so that parties’ whished benefits and interests remain in vain. Therefore, this article is going to deal with rationalities, instances, and the extent of court intervention in arbitration proceedings. In doing so, it strives to divulge the extent of court intervention under international and Ethiopian arbitration laws. For this, the article uncovered that Ethiopian arbitration law is exposed to unwarranted and inimical court intervention in arbitration proceedings. There are premature court interventions and broader judicial review circumstances under the Civil Procedure Code and the Civil Code of Ethiopia. Underscoring the existence of the higher extent of court intervention instances, this article also tried to pinpoint solutions calling for an optimal extent of court intervention in arbitration proceedings. In doing so, parties can have a fair degree of autonomy and freedom guaranteeing and underpinning an efficient arbitration system. Last, as a way forward, the article has also called, including ratification of the New York Convention (1958), modification of the Ethiopian arbitration law in light of the modern arbitration laws from the international arbitration laws, foreign jurisdictions, and arbitration rules of renowned arbitral institutions.

Background: Doxorubicin is used for treatment of solid tumors blood cancers, however, its cardiotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure, are the major limitation of its use. Doxorubicin treatment induces inflammation in various cancer cell lines. Exposure urothelial cells to doxorubicin (DOX) show an increase in IL-1β and prostaglandin E2, similarly, studies have shown that high IL-8, TNF-α and NFκB. This study aimed to investigate the effects of doxorubicin treatment of inflammatory and prooncogen mediators in heart muscle and tumor tissue. Methods: Sixty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the thigh of the hind limb. Mice were divided into three groups (20 mice per group) as follow: Control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days), Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation, DOX group, in which mice received DOX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. Results: administration of DOX to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in a significant increase in cardiac tissue IL-6 level by 4 folds compared to the control group and subcutaneous implantation of ECCs resulted in a significant increase IL-6 in tumor tissue. Administration of DOX to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in a significant decrease in tumor tissue IL-6 and TNF-α levels. SEC group showed a significant increase in tumor tissue SphK1 activity compared to the control group and administration of DOX ECCs-bearing mice resulted in the non-significant effect on the tumor tissue SphK1 activity. Conclusion: Treatment with DOX, leads to increase in inflammatory mediators as, IL-6 and TNF-α, in cardiac muscle tissue amelioration of these parameters in tumor tissue. SphK1 enzyme activity was increased by tumor induction.

Background and Aim: Anemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the use of erythropoietin, anemia of CKD can be resistant to therapy. Hepcidin is the main iron regulatory hormone; increased hepcidin production during chronic inflammation interferes with iron absorption, prevents iron recycling leading to hypoferremia and iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Our study aims to evaluate the role of serum hepcidin in predicting the response to erythropoietin (EPO) therapy in children with CKD on regular hemodialysis. Subjects and methods: a cross sectional comparative study included 40 children with CKD on regular hemodialysis who received EPO therapy for at least 3 months and 40 age and sex matched healthy children. Assessment of anemia and iron profile before and after 3 months of EPO therapy and was correlated to the serum level of hepcidin. Results: in comparison to healthy controls, CKD children have significant anemia and high hepcidin level. CKD children have CKD children with high hepcidin level have significant lower hemoglobin and impaired response to EPO therapy in comparison to those with normal hepcidin level (P-value <0.005). There was significant negative correlation between serum hepcidin level and HB, HCT and iron level in children with CKD. Conclusion: children with CKD on regular dialysis have higher hepcidin level that interferes with the response of anemia to EPO therapy suggesting functional defect in iron utilization among those children

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolites were proven to suppress the proliferation of various cancer cell lines by targeting a wide spectrum of signaling pathways that regulate hormonal homeostasis, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation. Moreover, I3C inhibited tumorigenesis in mammary glands, liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract in different animal models. These preclinical findings demonstrate the value of I3C in cancer prevention and therapy, which has led to its trial in cervical dysplasia, breast cancer, leukemia and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of I3C on inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and prooncogenic mediator, SphK1 activity, in tumor tissue in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC) Tumor Model. Eighty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the thigh of the hind limb. Mice were divided into four groups (20 mice per group) as follow: Control group, Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C 1000 ppm) group, in which mice were put on a diet containing 1000 ppm I3C starting seven days before and continued for 42 days after tumor inoculation, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C 2000 ppm) group, in which mice were put on a diet containing 2000 ppm I3C starting seven days before and continued for 42 days after tumor inoculation. Administration of I3C (1000 and 2000 ppm) to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in significant decrease in tumor volume and increased survival rate. Subcutaneous implantation of ECCs resulted in significant increase in tumor tissue SphK1 activity, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and administration of I3C (1000 and 2000 ppm) to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in significant decrease in all of these oncogenic and inflammatory mediators.

Cutaneous metastasis is a condition where cancers originating from various parts of the body spread to the skin. There are rare but not unusual. The objective of our study is to study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary profiles of cutaneous metastases. Throw this retrospective study rendered over 6 years period from 2011 to 2016. 10 patients were selected from the dermatology department of Moulay Ismail’s Hospital in Meknes. We deduced the following: The sex- ratio M/F is 2.3, the average age is 60.9 years. Skin metastases appeared mostly during the evolution of the primary tumor. The preferred seat of the MCs in study was the trunk. The clinical appearance was mostly nodular. Adenocarcinoma (60%) was the most frequent histological form followed by squamous cell carcinoma (40%). Evolution was unfavorable, as 40% of the 60% of patients followed died at about 3 months after diagnosis of MCs. Skin metastases are a sign of poor prognosis, and occur most often at a late stage during the development of tumor pathology, but on the other hand, MCs may reveal underlying neoplasia. Its asymptomatic character makes early screening difficult

Epidemiological surveillance in the era of globalization, especially in the very rapid progress in the field of transportation, with only a few hours can cause an epidemiological shift in the disease, representative. Timeliness, data quality and stability. This study uses an evaluative descriptive approach to the surveillance system at the Port Health Office Class III of the Banda Aceh Work Area at the Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport. The subject of this study was a surveillance system in the area of Banda Aceh's Class III Airport. The technique of data collection was done through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study there are several indicators The attributes of simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity and stability and high timelines. While the assessment of data quality and positive predictive value is still low. The conclusion of this study is the activity of epidemiological surveillance attributes at the Class III Banda Aceh Health Office in the Work Area of the Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport, but there are problems in the surveillance system due to limited equipment, although there is a shortage of positive predictions but the timeline remains.

Tympanic membrane perforations are encountered by Otologists in clinical practice. It is the most common cause of hearing loss. We in the present study tried to evaluate the size and location of perforation to the degree of hearing loss and the outcome of treatment of these patients in our hospital. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of ENT, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad. A detailed clinical history including the name, age, sex, address, occupation, presenting complains, past history and physical examination and ENT examinations under microscopy was done to assess the size, site, and shape of perforation including Pure Tone Audiometry. All the patients underwent Myringoplasty through postaural approach using underlay technique taking temporalis fascia as graft material. Results: A total of n= 40 patients were included in the study male patients were n=24(60%) and n=16 (40%) were female patients and the male to female ratio was 6:4 with the predominance of male patients common cause of the injuries was related to RTA 18(45%). The right ear was involved in n=18(45%) of cases left ear was involved in n=21 (52.5%) and bilateral involvement was seen in n=1(2.5%) of cases. n=40 patients underwent myringoplasty in the Grade I perforations the preoperative hearing loss was 29.59 ± 6.65 and in the postoperative, after 12 weeks 17.05 ± 4.4 dB and the audiometric gain was 12.54 dB. In Grade II it was 35.40 ± 5.44 dB and postoperative 12 weeks were 18.51 ± 3.5 dB audiometric gains was 16.89 dB. The Grade III had pre-operative levels 37.95 ± 6.10 dB and the audiometric gain 19.84 dB and similarly in Grade IV 37.95 ± 6.10 dB and the audiometric gain was 25.95 dB. Conclusion: It can be concluded the tympanic membrane perforations are very common in men with the frequency of posterior perforations are greater and the hearing loss does not vary substantially with the location of the perforation. Surgical intervention of perforations is required when they fail to heal spontaneously and the audiometric gain following myringoplasty was more where the size of perforations was large

Handgrip strength is a reliable predictor of muscular strength and proper hand functioning. The aim of this study was to compare and correlate between handgrip strength and selected anthropometric variables in Nigerian athletes and nonathletes of both sexes. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out on 62 athletes and 80 non-athletes in the age range of 18-30 years among the students of the University of Port Harcourt. Handgrip strength was measured using an electronic hand dynamometer. Anthropometric variables used were mid-arm circumference, arm length, forearm length, hand length and hand width. An independent samples t-test was used to compare between both sexes in each subject category in both dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength. Also, an independent samples t-test was used to compare differences in anthropometric variables between both sexes in each subject category. A Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between handgrip strength and anthropometric variables in both athletes and non-athletes. The findings from this study showed that athletes had a significantly higher handgrip strength mean values compared to nonathletes. Strong positive correlations were shown handgrip strength and most anthropometric variables used in the study. It was concluded that handgrip strength was higher in people engaged in sports and it showed significant relationship with anthropometric variables.

Myeoloproliferative syndrome can cause portal hypertension by inducing the formation of portal thrombosis. In this rectrospective study, we report all cases of portal hypertension caused by myeoloproliferative syndrome and the steps of the final diagnosis

Introduction: Development of teeth is a useful measure of maturity, as it represents a series of recognizable events that occur in the same sequence from an initial event to constant endpoint. Age estimation from teeth is generally considered reliable, as they are naturally preserved long even after disintegration of bones and tissues. Aims and objectives: The aim of present study was to determine dental age from panoramic radiographs using Demirijian’s method and Moore’s method in kadapa population. It was also to compare two methods for calculation of dental age and evaluate which technique is better. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Govt dental college and hospital, kadapa. Total of 75 subjects of age group from 7 years to 14 years were included. For every individual included in the study, a panoramic radiograph was taken with standard parameters and adequate protective measures and was analysed for developmental stages of teeth accordingly to the criteria given by Demirijian and Moore’s method. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in all age groups except 12, 14 years in Demirijian’s method and except 10, 12 years in Moore’s method. Demirijian’s method over estimated the age with a mean difference of -2.10 and Moore’s method underestimated the age with a mean difference of 0.92. Pearson’s correlation revealed more positive correlation between chronological and dental age using Demirijian’s method which was 0.644 compared to Moore’s method which was 0.593 showing greater accuracy of Demirijian’s method compared to Moore’s method. Conclusion: Age estimation can be done by Demirijian and Moore’s method with the former showing greater accuracy than the latter. The Demirijian’s method tends to overestimate the age and Moore’s method under estimated the age. However further research should be aimed at with a larger sample for better accuracy of both the methods.

Odontogenic anomalies may sometimes be encountered in our routine dental practice. These anomalies may pose a challenge to the dentist, considering the magnitude of condition. Hyperdontia in the mandibular premolar region is a rare occurrence. We describe a case report of a 35-year-old male patient, presenting with concurrent occurrence of chronic periodontitis and supernumerary premolar, and a possible correlation between the two entities

Anatoxin–a(S) "Salivary"[a] is a naturally occurring cyanotoxin commonly isolated from cyanobacteria (specifically of the genus Anabaena) and causes excess salivation in mammals via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. Anatoxin–a(S) is structurally a cyclic N–hydroxyguanine organophosphate with a phosphate ester moiety. Parameters such as FT–IR and Raman vibrational wavelengths and intensities for single crystal Anatoxin–a and Anatoxin–a(s) are calculated using density functional theory and were compared with empirical results. The investigation about vibrational spectrum of cycle dimers in crystal with carboxyl groups from each molecule of acid was shown that it leads to create Hydrogen bounds for adjacent molecules. The current study aimed to investigate the possibility of simulating the empirical values. Analysis of vibrational spectrum of Anatoxin–a and Anatoxin–a(s) is performed based on theoretical simulation and FT– IR empirical spectrum and Raman empirical spectrum using density functional theory in levels of F/6–31G*, HF/6– 31++G**, MP2/6–31G, MP2/6–31++G**, BLYP/6–31G, BLYP/6–31++G**, B3LYP/6–31G and B3LYP6–31–HEG**. Vibration modes of methylene, carboxyl acid and phenyl cycle are separately investigated. The obtained values confirm high accuracy and validity of results obtained from calculations.

The development of today's world very rapidly. This can be seen from the number of vocational schools are opened, competition in attracting highly a variety of students, both with the quality of service, price all on offer to attract students. This study aimed to test the quality of service and price to desperation choose a school in SMK Health Husada Primary town of attack, this data is taken from the year 2013 to 2017 has decreased students each year, this study is descriptive meant to know the characteristics of respondents and respondents with using a sample of 181 respondents.

Disposable hypodermic needles are essential tools in endodontic therapy. Their basic function is injection of irrigating solutions into the root canal for the purpose of removing debris and microorganisms from the root canal during chemomechanical preparation. The objective of this study was to determine the similarities, in gauge/size number, length and color-coding system, between disposable hypodermic needles and endodontic files/reamers. Search engines such as google.com and google scholar were used to collect data on disposable hypodermic needles and files/reamers based on diameter, gauge/size number, length and color-coding system. The obtained data were compared between the two groups of instruments with a view to finding similarities in their sizes, color-coding systems and lengths. The two groups of instruments exhibited variations in lengths, numbering and color-coding systems. However, there were striking similarities between the outer diameters of disposable needles (gauge 28-17) and the diameters of the tips of reamers/files (size 35-40) respectively. It was concluded that disposable hypodermic needles with gauge number 28-17 and files/reamers with number 35-140 are similar in their outer diameters. The understanding of the similarities between these two groups of instruments, within the specified gauge/number ranges, will assist in appropriate selection of needles for root canal irrigation as well as in the technical design of disposable hypodermic needles for carrying plastic materials in orthograde apical third root filling technique.