Background: The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing more than 8 million people a year. An intention to quit is an important preliminary step for the behavioral change and it is highly associated with attempting to quit and with quitting. Therefore, this study examines the predictors of intention to quit and previous quitting attempts in Bahrain. Aim: To improve the overall quality of smoking cessation services in Bahrain. Objectives: 1) To study the prevalence of intention to quit smoking among adult smokers attending primary health care in Bahrain. 2) To explore predictors of an intention to quit and predictors of previous quitting attempts among adult smokers in Bahrain. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Data was collected from two primary care health centers in each health region in Kingdom of Bahrain using validated questionnaire. Participants 502 adult smokers aged ≥18 years, who were attending primary care within 10 days period in February 2018 (1st – 14th February), were included. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 23.0. Results: We found that more than half of the smoker population (51.4%) are seriously thinking of quitting smoking in the next 12 months., while (70.9%) of them had previous quitting smoking attempts. Predictors noted to be significant in this study, include being a male, married, lower level of education, having shortness of breath and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: Results indicate high intention to quit smoking rate and along with the significant predictors found in this study, there is a great need to develop preventive and therapeutic interventions addressing these predictors to ensure higher rate of success and support the current tobacco smoking cessation services according to what predictors showed.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stakeholder power and profitability on firm value with corporate social responsibility disclosure as a moderation variable. The populations of this study were SRI-KEHATI Index listed in BEI in period 2013 – 2017. Samples were determined by purposive sampling method with 18 samples. The result has shown that: 1). Government power had no significant effect on firm value, 2). Creditor power had no significant effect on firm value, 3) Profitability had significant effect on firm value, 4) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure as a moderating variable are not able to moderate the effect of government power and firm value, 5) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure as a moderating variable are not able to moderate the effect of creditor power and firm value, 6) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure as a moderating variable are not able to moderate the effect of profitability and firm value.

In this study, the bacteriological quality of bottled water in Mandalay, Myanmar was detected by the use of MPN method. Nineteen brands of Bottled Drinking Water (BDW) samples were analysed for total coliform count as the primary presumption of coliform contamination. 7 water samples were contaminated in a range from 6 MPN/ 100ml to 16 MPN/100ml. The faecal coliform, the indicator bacterium Escherichia coli was detected in 5 out of 19 samples by confirmation on EMB showing metallic sheen and completed tests were re-confirmed by further biochemical reactions. Antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid DNA extraction from the E.coli isolates were examined. (40%) of 2 out of 5 strains contained plasmids with molecular weights of more than 23kb. The overall results showed that 63.15 % among the subjected bottled water in Mandalay were noted to be microbiologically clean and safe for drinking.

With the advancement in science and technology, Cosmetic dental treatments have been revolutionized. Tooth discoloration appears as a significant cosmetic problem that might require bleaching procedures. Intrinsic discoloration is commonly observed in endodontically treated teeth. The objective of this review was to discuss the clinical recommendations of using different internal bleaching techniques for treating intrinsic tooth discoloration based on the available evidence in the literature. Non vital bleaching technique is a minimally invasive procedure to treat intrinsic discoloration of endodontically treated tooth. However, certain protocols and precautions are necessary to minimize post operative complications. Further prospective researches are required to improve the quality of evidence.

Leiomyomas of the uterus are benign tumours that occurs due to overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue present in the uterus. A clinical study of 50 cases of fibroid uterus was made in the Sambhram Medical College and Research Institute, from January 2018 to June 2018. The cases are selected by random allocation. In the present study, leiomyomas are most commonly seen in the women of child bearing age, most commonly occurring in the 3rd decade. Menstrual disturbances were seen in 71% of cases, Dysmenorrhea was seen in 22% of the cases. White discharge per vaginum was seen in 10 % of the cases. Pain abdomen was seen in 40% of the cases. Presence of a mass was complained in 23% of the cases.Urinaryproblemswerenoticedin25%ofthecases and infertility in 25% of cases.Intramural fibroid were the commonest variety comprising about 66% of the cases, 10% submucous, and 8% cervical. The present study shows, proliferative endometrial in 55% of cases, secretary changes were noted in 20%, atrophic endometrial occurred in 15%.

Histiocytic Sarcoma (HS) is an extremely rare tumor with aggressive course and arises in lymph nodes and extra nodal sites. We present a case of HS in a 97-year-old male patient with non-specific clinical features. CT scan revealed left axillary lymph node enlargement and a hypo dense lesion in spleen. On Lymph node biopsy, a diagnosis of HS was made based on the histomorphology and immunopositivity of tumor cells for CD68 and CD 163. Negative markers ruled out the other mimics. Considering his age of 97 years, he was not considered to be suitable for surgery or aggressive therapy. HS is an extremely rare neoplasm and it is a diagnosis of exclusion. The key to diagnosis is immunohistochemistry. Molecular genetic studies have reported a few abnormalities and needs to be confirmed.There is no standard protocol for the management of HS due to its rarity.

Infertility, one of the most common disorders confronting gynecologists, has multifactorial etiology. Infertility is a public health problem during the re¬productive age, affecting about 10-15% of couples attempting to achieve pregnancy in worldwide. Infertility is defined as a condition of the reproductive system in which there is a failure to achieve clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Study was conducted and the various causes diagnosed in the eligible couples with history of infertility based on clinical examination, Investigations and procedures like hysteroscopy and diagnostic laparoscopy, second aim is to determine the outcome of these studies after intervention carried out in infertile couples. Study was performed in tertiary care centre over a period of 1 year from June 2018 to July 2019, infertile couple with primary and secondary infertility aged between 20 and 45 years were included in the study. In present study 40 infertile patients were evaluated. On detail investigation it was found that causes of infertility were PCOD, multiple adhesions, Fallopian tube adhesions, TO mass, hydrosalpinx, uterine anomaly, Fibroid , blocked fallopian tube. Patients were given treatment like myomectomy, PCO drilling, antibiotics, adhesiolysis septal resection, AKT, ovulation induction depending upon cause of infertility. 10 patients conceived, 10 patients didn’t conceive after taking treatment.5 patients left the study in between and 15 patients didn’t came for followup. Detail evaluation of infertile patient should be done to diagnose cause of infertility. There are many common causes of infertility in females which should be evaluated and given treatment. Patient should be explained significance of follow up to have good outcome of infertility treatment

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of perceived usefulness and security on consumer trust towards repurchases intention in online travel agent industry. Research data is primary data derived from online questionnaires sent to consumers which at least had done transaction in Tiket.com Online travel agent. Sampling numbers in this research are 132 respondents and the analysis method used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with AMOS 24 Software. The result reveals trust is able to mediate perceived usefulness and security with repurchase intention in online travel agent industry. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Septic arthritis presents with pain and swelling in the joint, and if untreated cases can lead to irreversible arthropathy and disability is an unusual complication during pregnancy and post-partum period. The morbidity is due to destruction of the articular cartilage resulting in impaired mobility of the joint. Severity depends upon the organism involved and host's own defences. Septic arthritis of the knee joint is very rare during post-partum period and very few cases have been reported so far. We report a rare case of post-partum Staphylococcal septic arthritis of the knee joint in a low risk woman, who was successfully treated

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of satisfaction and e-service quality on consumer trust towards repurchase intention in e-commerce industry. Research data is primary data derived from online questionnaires sent to consumers which at least had done transaction in Lazada E-commerce. Sampling numbers in this research are 180 respondents and the analysis method used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) with AMOS 24 Software. Trust is able to mediate satisfaction and e-service quality with repurchase intention in e-commerce industry. Repurchase intentions is key value of e-commerce success. The study provide evidence that trust can is built through customer satisfaction and e-service quality.

Neonatal hypothermia recognized as an important contributing factor to neonatal morbidity, and has been associated with mortality risk in newborns and young infants (1, 2). This study aimed to assess nurse’s knowledge and practice regarding neonatal hypothermia in Khartoum state hospitals.

In this paper an attempt is made to analyze and outline the legislative framework regulating the selection of school principals in primary and secondary education since 2002. The aim of this study is to accurately depict the laws restricting the selection of school principals, so as to feature problems and difficulties, and point out the obstacles in selecting and employing them on a merit-based system, with the goal and wish to focus on achievements and on an effective performance in their administrative and pedagogical role.

Kiloh-Nevin syndrome is one of the neuropathies where anterior interosseous nerve gets compressed by accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle. This study was designed to look for prevalence, morphology and relation of accessory head to anterior interosseous nerve. The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, and Ernakulam. 50 upper limb specimens were dissected to expose the accessory heads and its relation to anterior interosseous nerve. The number of accessory heads was noted down and length of the muscle belly was measured with vernier callipers. The accessory heads were present in 18 specimens (36%). 12 specimens with accessory head were observed to get inserted to tendon of flexor pollicis longus and 6 specimens to tendon of flexor digitorum profundus. Double accessory heads were observed in 3 specimens (6%). 3 specimens showed origin of accessory heads from flexor digitorum superficialis. Double accessory heads arising from flexor digitorum superficialis got inserted into flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus separately. The accessory heads were related superficially to anterior interosseous nerve in all specimens. The mean length of accessory head on right side was 6.9 cms and 7.4 cms on the left side. The presence of accessory heads to flexor pollicis longus or flexor digitorum profundus acts as a trigging factor for compression of anterior interosseous nerve. The below results will give an additional information to surgeons who approach upper end of radius from anteriorly and even clinicians can plan appropriate management for compression syndromes.

Aims: The present study aimed to formulate herbal gel preparations containing alcoholic extracts of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Allium sativum (garlic), and Curcuma longa (turmeric), and to investigate their wound healing activities upon topical application on full-thickness skin wounds induced surgically in Rabbit. Methods: Experimental study was conducted using thirty adult male rabbits. Animals were randomly allocated into 6 groups each containing 6 animals. Animals in group 1 were without treatment and served as control. Animals in group 2 received the carbomer gel base not containing drugs. Animals in group 3 received herbal gel containing withania extract. Animals in group 4 received herbal gel containing garlic extract. Animals in group 5 received herbal gel containing curcuma extract. Animals in group 6 received gel containing ciprofloxacin. Gel was applied on wound once daily up to 14-18 days starting from the second day of wounding. Results: The wound healing was slower in the untreated control animals as well as the animals treated with carbomer gel base where wounds completely healed by the 18th day of experimental period. In the other hand, wound healing in animals treated with withania gel reached about 90% by the 12th day and completely healed by the 14th day. Notably, wound healing reached about 90% by the 10th day and 97% by the 12th day and completely healed by the 14th day. Additionally, wounds in animals treated with curcuma gel cured about 90% by the 14th day and completely cured by the 16th day. Moreover, wound healing reached more than 90% by the 12th day and completely healed by the 14th day in animals treated with ciprofloxacin gel. Conclusions: Topical application of gels containing the extracts of withania, garlic, and curcuma has fastened the rate of healing in wounds induced surgically in rabbits.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of brand trust in mediating online consumer behavior and customer satisfaction with repurchase intention in online store owned by offline retailers. Two hundred and sixty respondents of consumers aged 15 to 24 (generation z) participated in this study both women and men. These respondents are consumers who have shopped both offline and online in Hypermart retail. Respondents were asked to answer questionnaires regarding their opinions about the behavior of internet usage, satisfaction and trust of the retail. The results obtained were analyzed by SEM (structural equation modeling. Offline brand trust is able to mediate online consumer behavior and customer satisfaction with repurchase intention in online stores owned by offline retail stores. This research emphasizes the trust of the brands owned by retail stores where the main business is selling products offline. While on the other hand there have been many e-commerce and online stores that were earlier in starting sales online. Based on this, it can be seen how offline brand trust is able to play an important role in attracting consumer buying intention in the new (online store) business format owned by the offline retailer