Benign anal or perianal conditions including haemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, and fistulae are commonly observed in general practice. This study carried out to evaluate the most common perianal conditions in adult patients of varying age treated surgically in a periphery general hospital, examining complications, recurrence and mortality rates. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted, at Almikhwah General Hospital, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. A total of 75 patients subjected to surgical treatments for bengin perianal disease were eligible. Their mean age was 35.8 years, and male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The mean duration of symptoms was 35.6 days. The most common conditions were abscess and haemorrhoids that’s seen in 44% and 29% respectively, whereas, fistula in ano was the least (6.7%). The mean hospital stay was 2.1. Complication was encountered in 1.3%. The mean duration of analgesic use was 2.07. One year follow up revealed no recurrence or mortality. In conclusion, most patients presenting with anorectal symptoms will have benign anorectal pathology and can be successfully treated in the periphery hospital setting.

Oil palm is a strategic commodity in the Indonesian national economy. The condition of the oil palm seed industry in Indonesia has continued to change as a result of the increase of new domestic seed producers, thus affecting consumer behaviour and the direction of corporate strategy. PPKS itself as one of Indonesia's oil palm seed producers has been impacted by the changes occurring both from the instability of Crude Palm Oil prices, moratorium, regulation, increased competition and economic shifts. In the current era of distraction, PPKS must move quickly, precisely and responsibly to survive from the competition is increasingly competitive. At this moment, competitive conditions are too tight that PPKS management is aware of exploiting assets in the context of brands that are owned to maximize corporate performance. The most potential market for exploitation is the people's plantation market. Specifically, that directly touches the consumer mind generated based on the latest information on consumer behaviour. The research is conducted on the people's plantation segment as its population. The respondents' sampling of ninety-nine oil palm farmers. By applying the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with the SmartPLS V3.2.8 tool, the conclusion of the research result is that there is a positive and insignificant influence between the brand associations of PPKS on the repurchase decision of oil palm seeds. There is a positive and significant influence between perceived quality of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seeds, the customer satisfaction of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seeds, brand association on customer satisfaction, and perceived quality towards customer satisfaction of PPKS. Also, demonstrating positive and significant influence between the brand association of PPKS and perceived quality of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seed through customer satisfaction of PPKS

Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients’ beliefs and knowledge about hypertension have a strong influence on compliance to treatment and control of the disease. Up to date, there is no previous data on hypertension health beliefs in Bahrain. Therefore, this research was conducted to study patients’ beliefs and explore the association between patients’ characteristics and their beliefs. Aim: To understand Bahraini patients’ beliefs about hypertension in primary health care in Bahrain. Objectives: To explore patients’ beliefs about hypertension in primary health care in Bahrain; to study the association between personal characteristics (demographic, socioeconomic and medical) and patients’ beliefs. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Data was collected from two primary care health centers in each health region in Kingdom of Bahrain using validated questionnaire. Participants 454 hypertensive adult Bahraini patients ≥18 years, who were attending primary care within 10 days period in February 2018 (1st – 14th February), were recruited. Pregnant women, patients with psychotic disorder or cognitive impairment, and patients who are unable to communicate were excluded. Data was analyzed qualitatively for themes using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Patients’ mean age was 58.2 ± 11.697 years with females constituting 58.4%. Based on the Health Beliefs Model, participants have strong beliefs regarding their susceptibility to the effects of hypertension, seriousness of its complications and the benefits of a proper and healthy management plan. On the other hand, they have weak beliefs in the efficacy of the barriers (i.e. alternative medicine and medication side effects) toward hypertension management. The most variables having the largest influence on patients’ beliefs were duration of having hypertension and existence of other chronic medical problems. Conclusion: The findings suggest that participants were fairly knowledgeable about hypertension. We concluded that patients’ perceptions are an important factor in hypertension care and should be deeply explored

This research is an event study that aims to find empirical evidence of the impact of the quick count of the results of the presidential election on the Indonesian capital market. The population of this study are stocks that are consistently listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the study period. The data used is secondary data in the form of a daily sectoral index two days before and two days after the event. Paired Samples t-test is used to test the hypotheses. The results of the Paired Samples t-test show that there are no significant abnormal returns in the period around the date of the event, and in the period between before and after the quick count event the results of the presidential election. The results of the study also prove that there is no abnormal trading frequency in the period around the date of the event, and in the period between before and after the quick count event the results of the presidential election. In general, it can be concluded that there is no impact from the quick count of the results of the presidential election on the Indonesian capital market

Caecal diverticulitis is an uncommon condition in western countries and is often confused with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A distinction between the two entities is almost made intraoperatively. The management of solitary inflamed caecal diverticulae is still controversial; it ranges from a conservative approach with antibiotics to a right hemicolectomy. We present a case of 27 year old female which presented to the emergency department with symptoms similar to acute appendicitis. However, a CT scan showed signs of perforated caecal diverticulitis, thus an ileocaecal resection was realized. Across our case and a literature review, we try to highlight the difficulty of a preoperative diagnosis of this rare clinical condition and to discuss essentially its surgical management

Antioxidant agents stimulate new bone formation during the process of repair of bone defects. This study aimed to examine the effects of systemic administration of resveratrol, an antioxidant agent, on new bone formation in a rat model of experimentally induced bone defects. The study consisted of four groups. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of the date on which the animals were sacrificed. We formed a 5-mm bone defect in the right mandible of the animals in each group. Control group (C) received no further treatment, first experimental group (G) received a bovine bone graft, second experimental group (R) received systemic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg), third experimental group (GR) received systemic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) with a bovine bone graft. The results of histopathological examination on the 14th and 28th day showed significant differences in the degree of ossification, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the density of inflammatory cells between the groups (p < 0.05). Results of biochemical analysis showed significant differences in the serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) between the groups (p < 0.05). Thus, our results showed that systemic resveratrol administration with graft placement may have positive effects on bone healing in critical-sized bone defects.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical proximity form dental care unit has been reported to be associated with lack of concern to dental health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the relationship between SES and geographical factor affecting number of case reporting to the five different dental clinics across India. Materials and Methods: A probability sampling was done to select dental clinic among five major cities across the north India. After selecting the dental clinic a cross sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between SES and geographical factor affecting number of case reporting to the selected dental clinic of major cities. All the subjects were evaluated and questioned regarding locality from where they arrived, there occupation and annual income to reach to the conclusion of their geographic location from clinic and socioeconomic status. This cross sectional study was carried for a period of six months. After collecting data from all five clinics unpaired t test was done to find out the significance of the study. Results: a total of urban classified patient in five clinics were 2672 whereas low socioeconomic and rural patients were 666. Comparison of mean Urban and Rural OPD frequencies per month over six months in various cities was made on the basis of unpaired t tests. The mean value for different cities between urban and rural population are as follow for Jaipur urban pt. were 43.17 and rural pt. 12.67. For Ahmadabad mean value for urban pt. 87 whereas rural pt. 21.67. For Nagpur and Pune mean value for urban pt. was 95.67 and 101.67 and for urban pt. 27.50 and 23.33. Lastly for Hyderabad mean value for urban pt. was 117.83 and rural pt. 25.83. Unpaired t test for all the five centres showed p value less than 0.001 concluding the difference among the group are highly significant. Conclusion: The dental health care needs are very high both in rural and urban areas in spite of basic facilities available in urban areas. This study demonstrates that the notion of access is a multi-dimensional concept, whose composition varies with location, according to the facility being considered and the health and socio-economic status of the individual concerned. There is an obvious disparity among the rural and urban patients mobilization for dental care needs. Lack of awareness, transport facilities or poor economic condition may provide resistance for rural patients to avail dental care facilities

The aim of this study was to evaluate the practitioner’s fears with respect to patients with special care needs. 150 dental practitioners (aged 22 to 38 years) at a tertiary care dental teaching hospital were included in the study. A specifically designed 10-item schedule was used to access the fear. The results showed that 10 (6.7%) respondents had no fear or hesitation in offering treatment, 74 (49.3%) had hesitation, 62 (41.3%) had specific fears only and 4 (2.7%) had generalized fear. It can be concluded the fear to attend a dental patient with special care needs was quite prevalent and was affected by the dentist’s practice area, clinical experience and teaching/academic experience.

Macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications of diabetes significantly cause morbidity and mortality among diabetic subjects in India. The study was to assess the prevalence of micro vascular complications of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects and to analyze the relationship of occurrence of micro vascular complications with its risk factors in a tertiary care teaching and multi specialty hospital. The targeted and opportunistic screening analysis shows that the mean age of diabetic subjects’ were 54.27±9.27 years and 72.09% of newly diagnosed cases. The overweight 37.20%, hypertension 30.23%, diabetic neuropathy 25.56%, diabetic retinopathy 11.62%, diabetic nephropathy 18.60% and in the present study, 55.81% of asymptomatic newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes patients had at least one or more microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a long asymptomatic period before it is diagnosed. In our study the results shows significant association of these risk factors in Type 2 diabetes and was treated as early as possible to decrease the progression of vascular complications

Bank Indonesia made changes to regulations regarding the assessment of bank soundness. The soundness of the bank was initially regulated in Bank Indonesia regulation number 6/10 / PBI / 2004 concerning the bank soundness rating system using the CAMELS method (Capital, Assets, Management, Earning, Liquidity, Sensitivity), then changed to Bank Indonesia regulation number 13/1 / PBI / 2011 concerning the bank soundness rating system using the RGEC method (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, and Capital), the regulation contains that banks are required to assess the soundness of banks using a Risk-based Bank Rating approach both individually or on a consolidated basis. This research is a type of evaluative research. Evaluative research is research whose activities collect data or information to be compared with criteria and then draw conclusions. The documents used in this study are the Financial Statements and Annual Reports of PT. Bank Mandiri (persero) Tbk 2014-2017 Period. Independent bank health assessment is based on a rating system for commercial banks, in accordance with Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 13/1 / PBI / 2011, and SE No. 13/24 DPNP on October 25, 2011, based on the bank's health assessment conducted by the RGEC method, it was concluded that the health level of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk from 2014-2017 is Very Healthy (SS)

Kinetics of biodiesel production from renewable raw material like soybean oil deodoriser distillate (SBODD) and methanol (MeOH) in the presence of biocatalyst Novozyme 40013 (lipase from Candida antarctica) has been studied in the present research investigation along with optimization of reaction parameters like molar ratio of alcohol to SBODD, temperature and catalyst concentration. 5:1 molar ratios of alcohol to SBODD, 600C temperature with 5% concentration of catalyst for 3 hrs of reaction duration are the optimum conditions identified which contributed 93.24% conversion. Pseudo homogeneous kinetic model has been used to fit the experimental data and results have been analysed on the basis of model data. Equilibrium constants (Kobs) have been evaluated through this kinetic model at different temperatures and different molar ratios. By fitting the experimental data, the pre exponential factor and the activation energy of the esterification reaction have been determined also. Kinetic analyses are in good agreement with experimental results.

Since 2017, the work environment and Occupational Safety and Health have been of particular concern at PT. Hok Tong. Increased resource competency and training is the target of the program. Research on the impact of these two factors is done by using primary data collected with Slovin method through questionnaires from a sample of 198 respondents using random sampling techniques to take samples of members from 380 populations. Hypothesis this study stated those work environments (X1) correlation on employee productivity (Y) at PT. Hok Tong are positive and significant and occupational health safety (X2) correlation on employee productivity (Y) at PT. Hok Tong are positive and significant). But by using data analysis, variable work environment (X1) bring positive and significant influence to employee work productivity (Y) but occupational health safety variable (X2) that has negative and insignificant influence between toward employee work productivity (Y). Overall both working environment and occupational health safety variable simultaneously have a significant influence on employee productivity at PT. Hok Tong

This paper discusses dominant human afflictions that variously become exigencies for a rhetorical situation in commodifying the spiritual experience by televangelists in Kenya. The commodification of religion is a rarity in contemporary media and communication research in Africa. It can, however, be explored in the context of „mediated spirituality‟, by acknowledging the place of communication technologies such as Television, in the mediation of religious content. This interplay between media and religion has arguably availed opportunities through which religion is commodified by converting some aspects of religion into spiritual commodities through a near capitalistic exchange. The study utilized Kenneth Burke‟s rhetorical theory, which is a plausible instrument for examining a communicator‟s motive in structuring audience perception to influence behaviour aimed at eliciting certain desired responses. The paper argues that charismatic Televangelists use common spiritual, physical and economic afflictive conditions notably; disease, poverty and demonic oppression, to commodify religion through creative message construction to trigger a reciprocate process of material exchange for the spiritual benefit obtained. The paper submits that these charismatic programme creators are not only concerned with edification and spiritual nourishment of their audiences but are substantially motivated by the inherent exchange value of religion through which human afflictions are rhetorically appropriated to provoke reciprocity for the spiritual benefit obtained.

Despite the growing body of literature focused on open innovation concepts; crowdfunding, a new paradigm, has emerged an under-researched type of innovation. Literature reviews evidenced that though studies on outsourcing and crowdsourcing are published mostly in recent years, 2011-2015, a significant gap remains for crowdfunding innovation often enabled by the web. The paper focuses on a type of crowdfunding which keep the option of financial rewards, philanthropists and non-profit organizations (as crowd) are solving problems which solution seekers anticipate to be empirically provable, but the source of solutions is uncertain and addressing the challenge perceived to be of high-risk. There is a growing appeal to crowdfunding, but little is known about an effective donation/charity based model. Hence, the author proposes a model underpinned by stakeholder and systems theories for Islamic banks for social entrepreneurship development by which crowd fund might be of instrumental in the progression of poverty alleviation, increasing dynamism of Islamic economies, and removing unemployment in Muslim societies. The instrumentality of the proposed model can be examined empirically in future research

The seas and oceans form integrated ecosystems giving life to many species and represent food and socio-economic benefits sources for millions of persons around the world. Unfortunately, nowadays these sources suffer from marine pollution which becomes a major problem that has negative effects on all of the planet's marine ecosystems. In the bay of Monastir (center coast of Tunisia), as many parts of the globe, economic development has been most active in this coastal zones, especially textile industry, fishing and aquaculture activities, putting enormous pressures on this coastal ecosystem. In this study, we tried to collect informations about the impact of marine water pollution in the bay of Monastir from sea users (fishermen, professional or not), and we tried to identify the main zones of pollution that may be potential zone for the intervention of protected area managers in the future.