Background: Nurses are the major work force of any health care. Highest incidence rates of work-related low back problems seen among nurses. Thus the present study was conducted with the aim to determine effect of conventional therapeutic exercise on low back pain. Methods: Quasi experimental research design was adopted with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria. Samples were allocated into experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30) by convenience sampling technique. Pre-test was conducted by using Numerical pain rating scale and Rolland Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire in both experimental and control group. Conventional therapeutic exercise was administered to the experimental group and the control group was continued with the routine procedure. Post-test was conducted after 2 weeks with same tool for both the group. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study findings revealed that the low back pain and its related disability was present among staff nurses working in intensive care unit and operation theatre. Conventional therapeutic exercise was effective in reducing the level of low back pain at the level of p<0.001 in the experimental group. Conclusion: Conventional therapeutic exercise may be routinely practiced in the hospital thereby preventing the low back pain which in turn makes the nurses efficient to provide productive and quality nursing care.

Maharashtra handicrafts are rich in variety and selection. Maharashtra handicraft industry produces many unique and interesting crafts of Maharashtra that are used in daily needs. Given the fact that the population of Maharashtra is the second highest in the nation, the diversity in the state and its affairs of cuisines, customs traditions and handicrafts is natural. The state of Maharashtra has a huge and rich culture of Handicrafts. Apart from that, the state beholds an array of visual and audio delight for the tourists to cherish. Certain cities like that of Pune, Nasik, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Ajanta Ellora Mumbai and Nagpur are the ones that boast of utmost tourist value. Apart from these, the state also boasts of a very rich and varied culture of Handicraft which is evident from the rich value that they add to the nation’s creative wealth. The availability of Handicrafts and its diversity in Maharashtra is huge. Their tradition is lent to them by the Mughals, the Marathas and even by the British. The true culture of Maharashtra can be identified with its exaggerated handicrafts. Some of the standout works in the state of Maharashtra includes the famous Sawantwadi work, leather works, Bidri works, weaving, Himru and Mashru, Jewelry, Paintings and much more. They not only highlight the creative spirit of the state but also show their sense of art and design. The handicrafts of the state are also a true representation of the lively spirit of the state. The most exciting gift of the state is the handicrafts of this place. They not only cater to the eyes but also render a heart a soothing touch that the tourists take back home lively. One of the standout craft in this state is the Sawantwadi state. The weaving culture of the state is very evident and is famed across the nation and even globally. These entire products merge together to make a front of creativity that the state beholds of

Backgrounde: Nitrates and nitrites are naturally found in fruits, vegetables and grains. In addition, they are used as food additives, preservatives and colour fixatives. Nitrite toxicity is induced by formation of methaemoglobin, and carcinogenic substances e.g. nitrozoamines. Materials and methods: In the current study we explored the impacts of chronic exposure of albino rats to potassium nitrate. Fourteen rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=7), control group and potassium nitrate treated group in dose of 20 mg/kg for 3 months. Subsequently, urine and blood samples were collected at 1, 2 and 3 months. At the end of the experiment (3 months), rats were sacrificed and thyroid glands were harvested. Results: Biochemical analysis exhibited significant decrease in the urinary iodine and blood-based thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), vitamin A compared with matched-time control group. However, calcium, nitric oxide and MDA showed significant increase in potassium nitrite treated rats. Marked thyroid injury was observed in the form of size and shape of the thyroid follicles, some follicles were enlarged and filled with colloid fluids, but other were completely empty upon sodium nitrite exposure. Moreover, in some cases hyperplasia with leukocytic infiltrations in the parafollicular cells replacing the atrophied follicles. Conclusion: Our results provide new evidences that toxic effect of potassium nitrite is possibly mediated by inhibition of iodine absorption,vitamin A level, thyroid destruction and depression of the antioxidant system.

Vast number of the females in this part of the population suffers from the thyroid illness and majority of them comes to the hospital after suffering from the same illness for a long time. They will not know before the parameters of the blood are out of proportions. This study puts in an effort to find the base proportions of the USG gland in normal female patients and tries to establish a normal paremeters of the thyroid gland. Many cadaver based study are there but not even a single female dedicated USG based morphometric analysis is not found in the open access journals

This study aimed to compare the effect of simulated brushing on one Nano resin-coated glass ionomer (GI) (EF; Equia forte fil/Equia forte coat, GC Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and one Nano zirconia-reinforced GI (ZI; Zirconomer Improve, Shofu, Inc., Kyoto, Japan). One hundred and forty specimens were prepared and divided into two groups: EF and ZI. The Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) and surface roughness (Ra) were measured before and after simulated brushing of the specimens with water or with water and Colgate Total 12 (CT12) for 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 cycles. Regardless of condition, EF and ZI showed statistically significant differences of mean VHN: 146.90 ± 36.66; 110.30 ± 13.73, (p-value < 0.001), and mean Ra: 0.290 ± 0.089μm; 0.247 ± 0.085μm (p-value ≤ 0.05), respectively. For both EF and ZI, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference of mean VHN (p-value ≤ 0.05) in all cycles’ intervals with CT12, but only at 20,000 cycles with water and in Ra (p-value ≤ 0.05) in all conditions compared to the control group. A post-hoc Tukey’s test revealed a statistically significant difference of mean VHN in water vs. CT12 (p-value ≤ 0.001) for both EF and ZI in all conditions. The EF showed higher mean surface hardness and higher mean surface roughness as compared to the ZI. Both the EF and ZI specimens demonstrated resistance to the softening when being subjected to the simulated tooth brushing procedure equivalent to about 1 year of clinical use.

Background: The genetic diseases that are known to be accompanied with congenital malformations are often not well understood and has an element of surprise attached to it unless proved otherwise as seen in some familial cases. The raw emotions that run in the family of having a new guest, comes to a sudden halt. As the stakes are high and such cases should always be diagnosed as soon as possible a sincere attempt is being made in this study to understand the pre-natal diagnosis using the USG. Methods: Nine hundred twenty one patients records of scanning were observed out of which thirty patients who were diagnosed to have some malformations in USG scanning are reported. This study is done in the Department of OBG, Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Results: Out of the observed 921 patients thirty was observed to have congenital anomalies. Conclusion: USG is able to detect the anomaly and is the gold standard for screening the patients

Vertebral hydatid cysts are found in <1% of all cases of hydatidosis. This localization has an infiltrative malignant nature, affecting the vertebral body with possible extension in the epidural space. Primary extradural hydatid cyst of the spine without any other systemic involvement is extremely rare entity. We report a case in young a man and we review different aspect of this pathology.

Background: The extraction of the mandibular third molars is one of the most commonly performed dentoalveolar procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery and it is often associated with varying degree of postoperative discomfort. Pain, swelling and trismus are the most common postoperative complaints. These discomforts greatly influence the quality of life of the patients in the days after the dental procedure. Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various analgesics namely paracetamol, ketorolac, ibuprofen, tramadol and diclofenac in one, three and five days of the postoperative administration of the analgesics. Methodology: In the present study, twenty five systemically healthy male subjects were included who were undergoing non-surgical extraction of mandibular third molar due to grossly decayed tooth. The subjects were divided into five groups with five subjects in each group according to the analgesic they had received postoperatively; namely paracetamol, ketorolac, ibuprofen, tramadol and diclofenac. Pain was assessed by using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) respectively on one, three and five days of administration of analgesics postoperatively. A data was collected on the respective days. The recorded data was tabulated and analyzed accordingly. As the data for this study were collected at different time points, analysis for the longitudinal study was done. Result: The outcome of the present study revealed that the efficiency of all the analgesics was almost similar with a sound management of acute postoperative pain. According to results, ketorolac has shown a relatively better effect on the pain control after one day of administration of the drug. After three days of administration of the drugs, the efficacy of all the analgesics except that of paracetamol was almost similar and the efficiency of all the analgesics was equal after the five days as all them could control the pain successfully and there was no pain experienced by any the patients after five days of the dental procedure. Moreover, the non- NSAID i.e., tramadol also had shown similar efficiency as that of NSAIDs. Thereby, in the present study, the analgesics have shown almost equal efficacy at different time points. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the efficiency of all the analgesics included in the present study and they were able to alleviate the postoperative pain evaluated at different point of time.

Lophira lanceolata is a plant is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of dermatosis, toothache, muscular tiredness and menstruel pain. This research was aimed at evaluating the in-vitro antifungal potential of different extracts and fractions of Lophira lanceolata stem-bark. The stem bark of the plant was collected, air-dried, powdered and extracted with methanol, ethanol and aqueous solvents using maceration method. The crude methanol extract (CME) was fractionated into n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EF), n-Butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) portions and were tested against pathogenic fungus strains namely; Aspergillus Niger, Candida albican, Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Trichophyton rubrum. The agar well – diffusion methods were used to determine the diameter of the zones of inhibition using 96 wells micro titer plates. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration were also determined. The methanol extract was found to be more effective against fungi tested, ethanol and aqueous extract which showed moderate effect against the test organisms. The methanol extract was found to be inhibitorier compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts. The results obtained revealed that, stem bark of Lophira lanceolta may contain phytochemicals that possesses antifungal activity

The cervix is the most common site for genital tract infections and a target for viral, chemical carcinogens, which leads to invasive carcinoma. Infections are the most common complaints in gynecological practice. With the advent of new drugs for infectious diseases, the emphasis has moved to chronic diseases such as malignant diseases which are becoming important cause of death. The objective of this study was to compare the visual inspection of acetic acid test qualities with Pap smear and biopsy. Out of 500 cases, majority of the cases (232) were Negative for Intra-epithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 126 cases were normal smears, 16 cases were Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS), 75 cases were Low-grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (LSIL), 37 cases were High-grade Squamous Intra-epithelial Lesion (HSIL), 14 were carcinoma of the cervix. Pap smears are required not only for the diagnosis and management of the malignant lesions but it is also helpful in identifying the infectious etiologies and treatment in developing countries. They need to be correlated with histopathology for further management. In developing countries, where it is not feasible to introduce pap smear screening of acceptable quality, VIA is alternative low cost method for cervical screening.

This paper with use descriptive-analytic method intends to explain spatial injustice in Iran. Spatial injustice refers to the imbalanced distribution of valuable political, social and economic power, wealth, infrastructures and opportunity resources. From political geography point of view, spatial injustice can be a threat to the national integrity, national & domestic security and creation of critical areas in the state. Spatial injustice is an important feature of spatial organization in Iran, which is formulated on a core-periphery structure from the local to national scale. This paper seek to address the following questions: what are the effective factors in spatial injustice in Iran? What are the consequences of spatial injustice on Iran? The results show that the most important foundations of spatial injustice in Iran are inequality in the distribution of power, wealth and opportunity resources, weakness of the budgeting system, weakness of management of regional and local systems, the absence of spatial justice as a general demand and institutionalized centralization.Spatial injustice, on one hand, endangers peace and stability of the country and threatens legitimacy of the political system on the other hand. Issues such as divergence, armed conflict, drugs, terrorism are the main reflections of spatial injustice that Iran is involved on the national scale.

The purpose this study was to determine the influence of organizational culture and organizational commitment on the quality of accounting information and impact on financial accountability. Good or bad company's decision-making comes from accounting information quality, to generate highly qualified accounting information it influenced by independent variable in the organization. Quality information significantly improve decision-making better, but it doesn’t mean the quality information is automatically guarantee any decision made better, have many organizational culture and organizational commitment on the quality of accounting information and impact on financial accountability. Many factors to be study; the biggest factor is humans. The samples in this study were determined by using purpose method of 31 private companies where the location is in South Kalimantan, Region of Tanah Bumbu Indonesia. This study wants on answer the following questions: are the organizational culture and organizational commitment influence on the quality of accounting information and impact on financial accountability.The results of this study , showed that the organizational culture, organizational commitment will not influence on accounting information quality and the quality of accounting information have impact on financial accountability.

Over time, many buildings and structures are exposed to defects such as corrosion of reinforcing steel in different parts of the concrete structure, so it is necessary to repair them directly in order to maintain the sustainability of these structures. The corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the main causes of premature deterioration, which reduces service life in reinforced concrete structures. This increases the maintenance and repair costs of reinforced concrete structures. In reinforced concrete structures corrosion of steel in a normal state is a very slow process. Accelerated corrosion techniques are generally used in the laboratory to simulate natural corrosion. The aim of this research is to study the protection of reinforcing steel in the concrete from corrosion using accelerated corrosion methods. The objective of this study is to analyze the protection of steel reinforcement in concrete from corrosion using zinc and its effects on steel samples. In this study two types of reinforcing steel (mild & tor steel) are used and each type of steel is coated with protective paint. Mix design was done using ACI method for C30 grade of concrete and four slab samples (300mm × 300mm × 40mm) were cast with steel rebar. In this research a constant current of 0.8 ampere was applied on the steel bar and the reduction in weight of steel bar before and after corrosion was observed. The results show that samples with coating undergoes less corrosion compared to samples without coating in both mild steel and tor steel specimen.

This study analyzes the influence of profitability, leverage and CEO narcissism on tax avoidance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. This study uses secondary data, which is obtained from the company's annual report through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange, www.idx.co.id and www.sahamok.com. The companies taken in this study were 41 out of 145 companies conducted by purposive sampling and the number of observations made during 2013-2017 so that the number of observations was 205 samples. Data were analyzed using analysis with SPSS 25. The study stated that profitability, leverage and CEO narcissism variables had a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance.

As the National Book Award winner of America in 2013, The Good Lord Bird plays an important role in depicting the inner world of ordinary people, especially slaves. The young slave narrator, Henry Shackleford recreates John Brown's raids on Harpers Ferry on the eve of the American Civil War. His role changes and choices in his life reflect the identical dilemma and awakening of the black slaves in that era. Based on Ethical Literary Criticism, this paper displays Henry’s identical dilemma in The Good Lord Bird from two aspects of gender dilemma and social dilemma. It explores reasons for Henry’s dual identical dilemmas and the ethical choices, which is to be a girl in bondage or a boy in freedom. Therefore, this paper reveals the inefficiency and blindness of the black slave's ethical choices in the context of slavery, representing the loneliness and alienation faced by the black slaves on the eve of American Civil War. It awakens people to recognize the hypocrisy and evilness of Slavery, and makes human beings re-examine history, giving important enlightenment to American racial issues.