Background: Improvement in ultrasonography over the years have allowed visualization characterization of fetal morphology. Objective: The study was aimed at determining the awareness and acceptability of ultrasound gender determination among women attending the antenatal care clinic of the Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital Sokoto. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross sectional study where pregnant women were selected by simple random sampling. The data was collected using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Relevant information was obtained. A P value <0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 200 women recruited, (57%) were within the age group of 20-29 years with a mean age of 28.2 + 5.436. They were mostly (52.5%) housewives and the Hausa/Fulani ethnic group constituted the majority 141(70.5%). They were mainly, 161(80.5%) Muslims and mostly, 92(46.0%) had tertiary education. About half, 101 (50.5%) belonged to social class 3 and 76 (38.0%) were multiparae. About 84 (42.0%) of them had no female children and 75 (37.5%) had no male children. Majority, 159 (79.5%) were aware that pre-natal gender determination can be assessed using ultrasound. Among them, 130 (65%) were willing to know the babies’ gender. There was statistically significant association between awareness of prenatal ultrasound gender determination and social class of the respondents (P = 0.001). Among them, 55 (43.3%) needed it to prepare for delivery. Conclusion: Awareness and acceptance of ultrasound gender determination is high among the study population. Acceptability depend on the clients’ social class.

The purpose of this research is to identify the key determinants of employee engagement and their predictability of the concept. Moreover, it also studies the impact of employee engagement on employee performance. Causal research was done to study the impact of relationships. A survey questionnaire was developed. Simple random sampling was used to gather the data from employees of lower managerial level and middle managerial level from the small-scale organization. The data was collected from 190 out of which 148 respondents were finalized. Regression and correlation were used to predict and estimate relationships. It was found that all the factors identified were predictors of employee engagement. The variable such as working environment (r square = 0.223), leadership (R square=0.275), and teamwork and peer support (r square=0.194) have a significant impact on employee engagement. Moreover, employee engagement has no significant impact on employee performance (R square= 0.008).

The study investigated the effect of poor academic background on students’ performance in physics in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. The study adopted descriptive survey design to collect data on effect of poor background on students’ performance in physics in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. From the population of 5,285 students’ and 34 teachers’, using stratified sampling; six (6) schools were selected in three strata that is mixed schools, Boys schools and Girls schools. Further, in each sampled school only 30 (ss2) students’ were involved in the study and 2 physics teachers’. Data were collected using questionnaire for the physics teachers and (ss2) students’ in the sampled schools. The findings were summarized and reported using percentage and frequency distribution tables. The study found and concluded that family background, teachers’ attitude towards work, methods of teaching and gender affect students’ performance in physics in senior secondary school in Birnin Kebbi Metropolis. Finally, the study recommended that policy makers/ministry of Education should ensure proffer curriculum implementation by physics teachers and increase enrolment in physics.

Background: The Majority (65.3 the respondents had been living in the ‘Katcha’ houses and none of them used to boil water, obtained from Water and Sewerage Authority WASA supply for drinking. Most (88.1) of the children defecated in the open field and almost all of the mothers (99.0) used to defecate in the hanging latrine. More than one-fourth (28.7) of the children had no habit of handwashing after defecation and the majority (69.3) of the mother's used only water for washing hands after defecation. About one-third of the children (32.7) had complaints of diarrhea with abdominal pain in the last 3 months with 44.5 having a history of the expulsion of any type of worm with stool during that time. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the proportion of under-five children with a parasitic infestation about their mother’s infestation. Method: This descriptive study was conducted among mothers and their under-five children of Vashantek slum, Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka from March 2003 to June 2003. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasites was found to be 52.0 (48.5% in children and 55.4 in mothers). The prevalence of Protozoa was 13.2%, for children 15.8% and 10.9% in mothers. Helminthes infestations were found among 39.6% of children and 54.5% mothers. Of the 56 mothers with intestinal parasitic infestations, 66.1 of their children showed positive results. The relative risk of parasitic infestation was 2.478 times higher among the children of the mothers having a parasitic infestation. Of the respondents, 39.6 children and 20.8 mothers had a history of taking anti-helminthic drugs during the last six months. Conclusion: More than half of the study sample has intestinal parasitic infestation with a statistically significant relationship between the parasitic infestation of mothers and children.

The volume and quality of online data has increased tremendously. Retrieval of such data relies so much on efficient methods. In recent times, information retrieval looks to the intelligence-based and inductive learning methods, such as genetic algorithm, neural networks and machine learning. Researchers however, have leverage on these newer techniques in order to enhance the retrieval capabilities and information processing of current information storage and retrieval systems. These methods provide various degrees of accuracy. But how effective are these methods and which of them is better suited for the information retrieval task? This paper investigates the efficiency of the selected algorithms: Artificial Neural Network, Support vector machine, and Genetic Algorithm, on designing the model for efficient and intelligent information retrieval. The selected algorithms were critically studied in line with the available matching models for information retrieval. Models like the Vector space model, Binary model, probabilistic models, Inverted Index, Latent semantic Analysis and the Latent Semantic Index models were respectively examined. The result from the experimentation from the respective algorithms shows that the neural network, in combination with Genetic algorithm or alone, performs better. However, it takes more time to execute.

L'Administration Fiscale a pour rôle de mobiliser les ressources fiscales qui sont prévues par la Loi des Finances d'un Etat. Cette mobilisation se réalise par la mise en exécution, par l'Administration Fiscale, des actes législatifs et réglementaires régissant le prélèvement fiscal. Ces derniers, constituant la législation fiscale, prévoit non seulement des prérogatives de l'administration fiscale mais aussi des droits et des obligations fiscales pour les contribuables. Pour ce faire l'administration fiscale doit pouvoir réaliser le contrôle fiscal dans le stricte respect des procédures fiscales, prévues dans la loi n°004/2003 du 13 mars 2003 telle que modifiée et complétée à ce jour, de façon à garantir un prélèvement juste de l'impôt et aussi d'entretenir des bonnes relations avec les contribuables. Etant donné que ces derniers doivent être considérés comme des partenaires et non des esclaves fiscales. Ainsi, nous pouvons affirmer ce qui suit : une administration qui vous simplifie la vie trouvera en face un contribuable citoyen ; une administration qui respecte les personnes et le droit trouvera en face un contribuable coopératif et une administration équitable trouvera en face un contribuable loyal.

Leukemoid reaction is defined as leucocytosis >50G/l. When it occurs in association with a malignancy, and infection or leukemia has been ruled out, it is termed as paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction. We report a case of a patient presented with fatigue, generalized weakness, and was incidentally noted to have a white blood cell count of 139G/l. Leukemia was ruled out by peripheral smear and flow cytometry. Computed tomography–guided biopsy of thickened omentum revealed poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma. Leukemoid reaction is a diagnosis which must be evoked in front of any extreme hyperleukocytosis apart from associated infectious or hematological situations. This syndrome has an extremely pejorative prognostic value.

This research examines a contemporary but disturbing issue in environmental management using Nigeria as a case study. The study probes the major causes, consequences and solutions to urban slums. Using secondary sources of data, themes were identified in relation to issues bothering on urban slums. The paper identifies rural-urban migration, population, explosion, poverty, unemployment, shortage of housing, neglect, poor physical development, poor transportation network, as well as poor waste management as the major causes of urban slums. Similarly, the review indicates that shortage of housing, unemployment, inadequate social infrastructure, waste management, environmental degradation, crimes, insecurity, land use conflicts, health hazards, population, and other ecological hazards as the negative consequences of slums. Additionally, this paper addresses the issue of environmental sustainability by emphasizing that slums are cogs in the wheels of sustainable development. To this end, the study recommends urban redevelopment, sum upgrading, poverty alleviation, provision of employment, provision of social and infrastructural amenities, sustainable waste management, as well as resettlement schemes as measures to sustainable urban environment.

Multiple myoglobin immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a multiple myeloma entity characterized by its clinical severity but also its poor prognosis level, it is usually revealed by bone pain. We report one case of multiple myeloma with immunoglobulin A revealed by renal insufficiency, diagnosed and treated at the hematology oncology department of Hospital National of Niamey.

The uterine inversion is a rare and severe puerperal complication that may cause maternel death. Fundal placental insertion, uncontrolled cord traction and uterine expression are the common causes described. The diagnosis is clinical and its management must be immediate to avoid maternal complications. We describe a case of acute puerperal uterine inversion occurred after a vaginal delivery complicated by major postpartum haemorrhage in 24 years old primigravida woman, how referred in our unit for delivery which done in ambulance. She has uterine inversion stage IV caused by the only fundal insertion of placenta. Successful non-invasive management was performed and manual reduce of the uterine inversion with Jonhson’s method was attempts.

Malaria has been reported to be one of the most debilitating illnesses of all time and is the most common parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Methanol extract of the four parts of Ficus sycomorus plant (leave, fruits, stem-bark and roots) were screen for in vitro anti-plasmodial activity using Plasmodium falciparum. The IC50 revealed that the fruits and leave extract have an IC50 ˃ 186µg while stem-bark and roots were discovered to be the most active with IC50 of 20.4µg. In vitro anti-plasmodial activity of organic solvent extracts (Hexane, ethylacetate and saturated butanol) of the methanol root extract revealed IC50 of 40µg, 20.4µg and 20.4 µg respectively. In vivo anti-plasmodial activity of the saturated butanol extract of the root was investigated in albino mice. Thirty (30) mice were inoculated with the parasitized donor erythrocytes containing Plasmodium berghei. One week after parasite inoculation, the animals were randomly distributed into six groups of five mice each. Group 1 served as negative control (not treated), groups 2 to 5 were experimental groups and were administered 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the LD50 (31mg, 62mg, 93mg and 124mg), while group 6 served as positive control (treated with artesunate). The mice were treated orally for seven consecutive days once daily. The results showed that the saturated butanol has anti-plasmodial activity in mice with percentage parasitemia inhibition of 50.6%, 80.8%, 100%, 100% and 100% for groups 2 to 5 and artesunate respectively. The results suggest that the plant have potential for the development of a novel anti-malarial agent.

This study aims to look at the effect of manager ownership, manager quality, and conservatism on earnings quality in banking companies in Indonesia. The population used in this study is banking companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. The sample used was 41 banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013-2018. Purposive sampling is used in this study, based on sampling criteria, the number of observations was 218 unit of analysis. The results of the study found that manager ownership has a positive and significant effect on the quality of accrual earnings in companies in the banking sector, while manager quality and conservatism do not have a significant effect on quality accrual earnings in a sample of banking sector companies in Indonesia.

Many of mosquito genera are exophagic that bite humans outdoors. Most community members in Nigeria are in the habit of staying outdoors at dusk for relaxation which can expose them to mosquito bites. This necessitated the design of this study with the objectives to examine the distribution of exophagic mosquito genera in six communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The communities were selected through a multistage sampling method. Adult mosquitoes were collected outdoors from the six communities by using miniature Centre for Disease Control light traps for twelve months. The collected mosquitoes were sorted into sexes and genera. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square using SPSS. Five hundred and five (505) adult mosquitoes were collected outdoors in the six study communities, females (96.6%) and males (3.4%). Mosquito genera collected were Culex (90.5%), Anopheles (5.3%) and Aedes (4.2%). Culex and Aedes Population peaked in October but Anopheles population peaked in July. Availability of mosquito vectors at dusk in these study communities is an indication that the community members could be at risk of mosquito borne diseases.

Background: Globally, it is known that heath care workers particularly in critical care settings are at higher risk of occupational exposure to infections. Surveillance systems to monitor body fluid exposure have been established in developed world. However, such systems are not available and consequently, exposure to body fluids is rarely reported, documented and monitored in many African countries. Objectives: To assess knowledge, practice and factors influencing adherence of Universal Precautions of infection prevention among nurses at Muhimbili national hospital and Muhimbili orthopaedic institute Dar es salaam Tanzania. Design: Quantitative cross-sectional and observational study. SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test and student t-test were used for analysis of categorical and continuous variables respectively and regression analysis were done to determine any significance. Participants: 144 nurses in intensive care units, emergency rooms and recovery rooms were assessed using a structured self-administered questionnaire and an observational checklist to 42 of 144. Findings: 38% of nurses had good knowledge of universal precautions. 85% reported to always wash hands, however, 34.3% of participants were observed to wash hands before putting on gloves. 94.4% reported to always use gloves, 67.4% reported to always wear a gown and 55.6% reported that they always wear a mask. Regarding sharps management 93.8% reported good practice and 95.2% demonstrated good sharps management practice. Sex and level of education of an individual significantly influenced the hand hygiene practice, working station and perceived severity significantly influenced the practice of wearing protective gear. Training on infection prevention and control significantly influenced sharps handling (All p<0.05). Discussion: Adherence of universal precautions were sub optimal. Reported and observed practice were incompatible as in other studies except in the practice of sharps management which observed results outweighed the reported results. Conclusion: Adherence to universal precaution is variably poor. Surveillance systems to monitor exposures to body fluids is required.

The Total Aeromagnetic Data covering the study area was subjected to Spectral Depth Analysis and Source Parameter Imaging (SPI).The entire area was divided into nine sections. Spectral Depth Analysis was run for each of these nine sections. The result from Spectral Depth Analysis shows that a maximum depth of 3.174km was obtained around Konkoso in Sheet number 117 of the study area. Minimum depth estimates of 0.586 km were observed around the basement regions. Result obtained from the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) method has its highest sedimentary thickness of about 2.4 km to 3 km in areas around Kaoje towards the central part up to around Konkoso in the southern part. The shallow sedimentary thickness was found predominantly around Shanga in the northeastern (NE) part, up to around Yelwa in the southeastern (SE) part. Geophysical implication of the result to oil and gas exploration in the area is briefly discussed.