In the scope of this research, the direct liquefaction (DL) of microalgae (Spirulina, Spartina alterniflora) and soy protein was performed in a co-solvent system consisted of water and ethanol (EWCS). We investigated the effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, an alkaline catalyst (Na2CO3), and the Ethanol-Water Co-Solvent system on the liquefaction yields and bio-oil properties. The outcome of the experiments elucidated a bio-oil yield of 49.4 %, 50.2 % and 42.7 % for Spirulina, Spartina alterniflora and Soy protein respectively in which it is much higher than the HTL runs with pure water indicating the positive effect of co-solvent on the liquefaction, and for catalytic runs the bio-oil yields were 53.7%, 50.2%, and 31.6% respectively. When compared to non-catalytic DL, Na2CO3 relatively increased the bio-oil yield of the algae samples and decreased it for the Soy protein samples. The GC-MS and FT-IR analyses displayed that there are some differences in the chemical composition and the content of compounds among the bio-oils, where the significant components were esters, ketones, amides, acids, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Apart from its influence on the product yield, the usage of Na2CO3 showed no significant impact on the properties of the bio-oil.

Ethical decision-making in an organization is an important process. Decision-making requires careful assessment and analysis of all possible alternatives. It is the management executives ' duty at all levels. In this case study, patient suffered due to medical harm and ethical committee did not provide justice to patient. Ethical decision-making model apply on this scenario. James Rest (1994) developed theoretical framework for understanding the process of ethical decision making. His model has four components: moral awareness, moral motivation, moral judgement and moral action. Thomas Jones gave moral intensity model in 1991. Jones concluded that the moral features, which he collectively called moral strength, affect ethical decision-making. Jones conceptualized his model so that moral strength could impact each of the Rest's Four Component Model components. Organization leaders faces moral complex situation, their consciousness of the moral conflict, their decisions on choices and consequences, and their ability to act are significantly affected by the particular aspects of the moral situation. The priniciple of ethical decision making must be followed while taking a decision.

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder associated with increase in peripheral vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output. The increase in peripheral resistance can predispose to alteration in renal hemodynamics including reduced renal blood flow associated with diminution of glomerular filtration. The study was taken up to determine the influence of thyroid hormones on serum cystatin C, creatine kinase and creatinine level in hypothyroids and to determine the extent of renal involvement in these cases. Serum T3, T4, TSH, Total creatine kinase, Cystatin C and creatinine levels were estimated. Creatinine clearance was calculated using Cockcroft Gault formula and eGFR by using MDRD formula. The elevation of serum creatinine levels in hypothyroids in the study may be due to increase in total creatine kinase level either due to myopathy or due to decreased clearance by kidney. In the study there is paradoxical relation of elevation of serum creatinine and decrease in serum cystatin C in hypothyroidism.

Introduction: In India, the number of people with diabetes is increasing day-by-day. Due to a sole “Asian Indian Phenotype,” Indians develop diabetes an era earlier and have an earlier onset of complications. Hence, it is essential to evaluate earlier stage of disease progression. Prediabetes, typically defined as blood glucose levels above normal but below the thresholds of diagnosis of diabetes, is a risk state that defines a high chance of developing diabetes. Methods: The present study was Prospective, open label, comparative, randomized, parallel group, single center study conducted at Department of General Medicine, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad. Comparison of two active treatment groups over a period of six months. Sixty patients of either sex in the age of more than 40 years with prediabetes, with HbAlc in the range of 5.7 to 6.4 % at screening as per ADA. The effect of metformin and pioglitazone were observed on various parameters i.e. Serum Insulin, FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR. Results: In metformin group the mean change in HOMA-IR from baseline to 6 months was 3.44 to 2.21 (-1.23); on the other hand, in Pioglitazone group from baseline to 6 months was 3.30 to 1.91 (-1.39). Whereas, serum insulin from 37.65 to 28.75 (-8.9) in metformin group; in Pioglitazone group from 37.43 to 23.75 (-13.68). Pioglitazone statistically highly significant than metformin group in improving glycemic indices. Conclusions: Though metformin and pioglitazone were equally effective in improving glycemic indices yet pioglitazone showed better results in improving Serum Insulin, FBG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR as compared with Metformin. Pioglitazone had minimal side effects as compared to Metformin

Carpenter syndrome is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis), abnormalities of the fingers and toes, and other developmental problems. Craniosynostosis prevents the skull from growing normally, frequently giving the head a pointed appearance (acrocephaly). Mutated genes cause Carpenter syndrome, and they are passed from parent to child during fetal development. These genes cause the coronal (from ear to ear) and sagittal (top of head, front to back) sutures to fuse together prematurely (craniosynostosis). Treatment of Carpenter syndrome depends on the symptoms the individual has and the severity of the condition. Surgery may be needed if a life-threatening heart defect is present. Surgery may also be used to correct craniosynostosis by separating the abnormally fused skull bones to allow for growth of the head. Craniosynostosis prevents the skull from growing normally, frequently giving the head a pointed appearance (acrocephaly). In severely affected individuals, the abnormal fusion of the skull bones results in a deformity called a cloverleaf skull. Craniosynostosis can cause differences between the two sides of the head and face (craniofacial asymmetry). Early fusion of the skull bones can affect the development of the brain and lead to increased pressure within the skull (intracranial pressure). Premature fusion of the skull bones can cause several characteristic facial features in people with Carpenter syndrome. Distinctive facial features may include a flat nasal bridge, outside corners of the eyes that point downward (down-slanting palpebral fissures), low-set and abnormally shaped ears, underdeveloped upper and lower jaws, and abnormal eye shape. Some affected individuals also have dental abnormalities including small primary (baby) teeth. Vision problems also frequently occur.Abnormalities of the fingers and toes include fusion of the skin between two or more fingers or toes (cutaneous syndactyly), unusua

Introduction: The neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are comparatively infrequent and mixed tumors which comprise 2% of all malignancies, with an incidence of <200,000 population. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas are diagnosed rarely. While gastric carcinoma is third principal reason of death in men and fifth in women especially in Eastern Asia. Case Report: We, herein, present a patient of 30 years and male who was presented to OPD having complaints of diarrhea, hot flushes, dizziness, dyspepsia and anorexia. A Core Biopsy of left par aortic region was made. The findings showed that patient was suffering from neuroendocrine neoplasm/paraganglioma. Initially, lesions can be managed by endoscopic excision of accessible tumors and endoscopic monitor. Discussion: Abdominal neuroendocrine carcinomas are also rare and accounting for less than 10% of gastric neoplasms and such rareness has made it tough to accurately recognize their organic nature and to identify ideal treatment choices. Conclusion: As we described a patient of intermittent gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, a well-managed description of these cancers/tumors should be discussed globally and historically. Diagnostics and therapeutic managements must be evaluating in large clinical studies.

The starch synthase 4 (SS4) is a key enzyme for initiation of starch granules and regulation of the starch granule number in chloroplasts of higher plants. These enzymes transfer glucosyl residue from ADPglucose to the non-reducing end of a preexisting glucan chain. The presence of a coiled-coil motive in the N-terminus of Arabidopsis SS4 has been involved in mediating some of the protein-protein interactions. Thus, it was also shown that AtSS4 directly interacts with the plastidial phosphorylase (AtPHS1). However, phosphorylase enzymes are widespread in animals, microorganism, and plants. So far, it was unclear if the observed protein-protein interaction is specific for plant origin phosphorylase enzymes. Therefore, we tested whether or not an animal type phosphorylase, the rabbit muscle phosphorylase a (Pho a), also interacts with AtSS4. Our results show that the protein-protein interaction of AtPHS1 and AtSS4 is specific and cannot archived by Pho a. Furthermore, also a functional interaction between AtSS4 and the Pho a was not detected.

Objective: To assess the iron status in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and trait (SCT). Design: Prospective, observational, descriptive study. Setting: Referral tertiary hospital in the state of Jharkhand. Methods: 108 consecutive patients of SCD and trait were enrolled and complete hemogram, serum iron and serum ferritin were measured. Results: Patients with SCT were more at risk of having iron deficiency (ID) than SCD.ID was present in patients who had not received or received <5 units of blood transfusion (BT).High iron level was found in all the patients who had received more than 10 units of BT. Serum Ferritin level had linear relationship with units of BT. Conclusion: Patients with SCT were more in number than that of homozygous SCD (2.6:1). Patients with SCT had more chances to have ID than homozygous SCD.

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze whether there were significant positive influences between the variables of Personality Type, Effectiveness of Principal Leadership, and Decision Making against Teacher Job Satisfaction in Provincial High Schools. The study has ten problem formulations that analyze the direct effect, indirect effect and simultaneous influence between each variable studied. The research approach used is a quantitative approach with a survey method conducted on selected research samples based on probability sampling with the Slovin method totaling 141 Jambi State High School teachers. Data collection techniques using observation and using a questionnaire (questionnaire) as a primary data collection tool. Data analysis using path analysis (part analysis) with data processing tools manually Microsoft Office Excel program and SPSS version 22. The results of the analysis of the path coefficient and coefficient of determination, there is a direct effect and a significant positive simultaneous effect between variables Personality Type (X1), Leadership Effectiveness (X2) and Decision Making (X3) on Teacher Job Satisfaction (X4). The indirect effect between personality type variables (X1) and Leadership Effectiveness on teacher job satisfaction (X4) through decision-making variables (X3) has no significant effect. The research results imply that efforts to increase teacher job satisfaction in-state high schools in Jambi Province can be done by paying attention to personality types, the effectiveness of school principals' leadership and increasing teacher participation in decision making. Future research to obtain more comprehensive and representative research results in a wider population.

meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in relation to outcome in terms of need for ventilation and mortality. Methodology: This study is a prospective observational study of late preterm>34 – 36 6/7 weeks and term neonates with moderate and severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) admitted in Dr B C Roy Postgraduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata. Study was done by application of surfactant within 24 hrs and 25 to 48 hrs of birth. Requirement for supplemental oxygen and ventilation were recorded in predesigned proformas. Results: The outcome in terms of death between within 24 hrs and 25-48 hrs of birth application of surfactant in MAS is mortality in the former was 3/20(15%) as compared to 2/10(20%) in the latter though it was not statistically significant (p =0.301) .Mean duration of ventilation,( p=0.026)supplemental oxygen requirement(p=0.039) and the length of hospital stay(p=0.045) were significantly lower in those who received surfactant within 24 hrs of birth in comparison to who received within 25-48 hrs of birth.(alpha value for p=0.05). Conclusion: Surfactant in a form of bolus therapy within 24 hrs of birth has no role in decreasing the percentage of mortality or morbidity in MAS but however has shown benefit in terms of decreasing the mean duration of ventilation, O2 requirement and hospitalization.

Background: The hemostatic alterations play an important role in malaria pathogenesis and in the progression of disease. In severe infection the accelerated coagulation cascade activity with accelerated fibrinogen turnover increase the bleeding tendency and may lead to DIC. Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the Alteration of coagulation parameters in Plasmodium Falciparum malaria Patients and its correlation with degree of parasitemia in Khartoum state. Sudan; 2019. Material and method: Analytical cross sectional study, 170 blood samples were enrolled in this study.85 samples of blood were collected from patients with falciparum malaria and 85 samples were collected from healthy individual as control, then PT and APTT will be measured by coagulometer. Result: The mean of PT was significantly high in case than in control (14.201second vs 13.668 second, (P value (< 0.01)).While there was no differences in the mean of APTT between case and control (33.075 vs 33.192 second ) P value (0.735). Conclusions: Our study concluded that the mean of PT was significantly higher in case than control, While there was no differences in the mean of APTT between case and control, and There was no differences between the PT and APTT of case and control according to gender. And there is no correlation between degree of parasitemia in PT, APTT and age.

This study was done to estimate the serum uric acid, phosphate and calcium level pre and post dialysis. To do these 50 patients with chronic renal failure and 20 apparently healthy individuals as control group were involved. Uric acid, calcium and phosphate level was determined for all patients and the control group and the result was analyzed using spss package. The mean of uric acid pre dialysis is significantly raised compared with that of the control group (9.4± 2.3 versus 3.9±0.9) mg/dl. And the mean of uric acid level post dialysis decreased after dialysis compared with that of before dialysis (2.9± 1.3versus 9.4±2.3) mg/dl and P.value 0.00. The mean of calcium pre dialysis is significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (5.4± 0.85 versus 9.8±0.8) mg/dl. And the mean of calcium level post dialysis decreased after dialysis compared with that of before dialysis (4.4±1.07 versus 5.4± 0.85) mg/dl. The mean of phosphate pre dialysis is significantly raised compared with that of the control group (5.7± 2.04 versus 3.7±0.46) mg/dl. And the mean of phosphate level post dialysis decreased after dialysis compared with that of before dialysis (3.1± 1.3versus 5.7±2.04) mg/dl and P.value 0.00. In the test group, serum uric acid, phosphate and calcium were no correlated with the duration of the disease.

This study was done to estimate the serum uric acid level pre and post dialysis. To do this 50 patients with chronic renal failure and 50 apparently health individual as control group were involved. Uric acid level was determined for all patients and control group and the result was analyzed using spss package. The mean of serum uric acid pre dialysis is significantly raised compare with that of the control group (9.4±2.2 versus 3.7±0.8). The mean of uric acid post dialysis is significantly decreased compared with that of before dialysis (9.4±2.2 versus 2.7±1.2) and P.value 0.00. The sex frequency for pt with CRF (43.3% female and 56.7% male). The correlation between duration of disease and Serum uric acid significant negative correlation and the (P.value =0.01 r = - 0.40).

This article argues that the current National Policy on Education of the Federal Republic of Nigeria has its roots in the educational philosophies of the ancient philosophers. The article states, discusses and traces the three major ideas and the development of educational Philosophies of the ancient Philosophers, namely Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. The article further discusses how their ideas has shaped or influenced subsequent philosophers of Education as postulated by John Dewey, John Milton, Gregory and Abraham Maslow. In application the paper concludes by comparing and contrasting the National Policy on Education of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with the above schools of thought.

Tourist interest in heritage and historic tourism site has been expanding and important nowadays. The declaration of Melaka as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in July 2008 has made it one of the major tourist destination in Malaysia. This declaration has boosted the arrival of tourist not only from international tourists but domestic tourist too. The objective of this study are to find out about the knowledge of domestic tourist towards Melaka’s historical background, attitude towards the preservation and conservation and tourist practice during visiting the heritage and historical site around Melaka city. A total of 263 respondents from domestic tourists travelling in Melaka were involved in this study. Result show that knowledge of historical background and attitude toward the preservation and conservation of tourist site is high. However, tourist practices to visit heritage site and historical site are relatively low especially for tourists visiting museums.