In educational administration, at-risk students as well as dropouts have always been a serious subject of reflection. In the quest of solutions to address the educational needs of these students who, for wide range of motives, could no more fit in the traditional educational system, various approaches have been sought. One of these is alternative education as delivered in specific centres such as the Centre de Formation Professionnelle de Dogbo. This study, a seven months research action study, assumes that the trade-oriented education programs of the centre are more effective in re-engaging academic understanding of mathematics (algebra) to at-risk students and school dropouts enrolled. To verify this hypothesis, a pre- test versus post-test comparison was made from tests administered to a single class of thirty-four students after a Maths (Algebra) class was co-taught with a Career and Technical Education (CTE)/Masonry teacher twice a week from January 2018 to May 2018. The results evidenced that CTE motivates at-risk students to have higher levels of academic engagement and aspiration to stay in school. Furthermore, the students demonstrated competence of the work expectations and the desire to further their learning process.

Tort is a very interesting aspect of civil law that seeks to provide remedy for injuries and non-pecuniary losses people experience as a result of the actions or omissions of others. In my study of Tort, I realized that it has so much to do with what goes on in the health sector, especially with regards to hospital-patient relations. It would seem however that its major concern is with the conventional medical sector. For instance, the case of Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee (1957) is the locus classicus when it comes to principles of tortious liability and medical practitioners. In that case, the court enunciated a yardstick (which came to be known as the “Bolam Test”) that should be used to ascertain whether or not a hospital/medical practitioner had been negligent in the delivery of his duty to a patient. One wonders however, if the “Bolam test‟ applies or would apply to alternative medicine practice? If not, what is an appropriate standard for measuring tortious liability among practitioners of alternative medicine? Cases of negligence in the context of alternative medicine are very rare in our law reports and there has not been any such case reported in Ghana to the best of my knowledge. Also, the Patient‘s Rights of the Ghana Health Service (GHS) Charter interestingly asserted that: “The patient is entitled to know of alternative treatment(s) and other healthcare providers within the Service if these may contribute to improved outcomes”. This means that alternative treatment is vital in the healthcare sector if it will improve on the quality of life (QOL) of the patient in Ghana. It is therefore vital to know of the court decision on prescribers of alternative medicines if the treatment goes sour. Also being a law student and practitioner of Naturopathy and Holistic Medicine, The Carlill V Carbolic Smoke Ball (1892) in Law of Contract case became my favorite partly because it falls under the umbrella of false claims and the company in question was a homeopathic company. It further signifies the many advertisements and claims made by practitioners of herbal, homeopathy and alternative medicine. Many of the practitioners in Ghana could be held liable if patients understand this principle and take them on for many of their false claims. In a nutshell, studying law has broadened my scope in the Medical field especially in the practice of Naturopathy and Holistic Medicine and I keep asking myself this simple question: How much of alternative and traditional medicine practitioners would survive if the legal principles were rigorously applied in Ghana?

This study is intended to analyse the phenomenon of negation and the use of pragmatic strategies in two speeches given by Prime Ministers David Cameron and Theresa May before and after the historic Brexit referendum[22]. This study is intended to achieve the following objectives: ‎(a) to investigate the types of negative forms used by two former British prime ministers in two of their speeches; (b) to understand the impact of gender and ideology on the types of negation in ‎political speech; and (c) to examine the impact of certain pragmatic strategies used by two people of different genders within the scope of the phenomenon of negation in building meaning in political discourse. Furthermore, the nature of the study follows the cognitive-social approach. As such, the researcher adopted the social-cognitive model by Van Dijk [1] for the data analysis which will take a quantitative form. The first stage of the analysis is an investigation of the frequency and type of negation used in the two speeches by people of differing genders who were leaders at different times. The second stage examines five pragmatic strategies within the scope of negation to discover the impact of the relationship between knowledge and power as the two prime ministers put their ideas into practice. The results obtained show that the practical effects of political character when using different types of negation do not depend on the variable of gender as much as on the subjective ideology and on whether the context of political discourse can be exploited through the expression of denial or dissatisfaction regarding a specific issue.

The contribution of phytotherapy to solving hemorrhoidal problems is incontestable because of the richness of plants as secondary metabolites. However, it is important to know the pathophysiology of this disease in order to give effective drug recipes for its treatment. In order to understand the different aspects of hemorrhoidal diseases and to identify plants used for its treatment, an ethnobotanical survey was carried out among trade-practitioners of the Southeastern region of Cameroon. During data collection, information was collected on hemorroidal diseases and plants used for its treatment. The relative importance (RI) of the plants was indicated and the phytochemical screening of the plants of interest was performed. Patients who approached trade-practitioners to seek treatment for hemorrhoids were mostly men (66%) between the ages of 35-60 years. Rectal bleeding and glair (30%) was the most obvious symptom. The ethnobotanical survey identified 48 plants including 35 woody and 13 herbaceous plants used by trade-practitioners to treat hemorrhoids. Piper umbellatum, Antrocaryon klaineanum, Trilepisium madagascariense, Myrianthus arboreus, Irvingia gabonensis, Morinda lucida, Spathodea campanulata, Alchornea cordifolia, Mangifera indica and Baillonella toxisperma were the most used species. These plants were rich in many bioactive compounds amongst which phenolic compounds, coumarines and triterpenes were the most represented.

The challenge of adapting William Shakespeare’s Hamlet for the screen has preoccupied cinema from its earliest days. After a survey of the silent Hamlet productions, the paper critically examines Asta Nielsen’s Hamlet: The Drama of Vengeance by noting how her main character is really a woman. My discussion of the modern productions of Shakespeare begins with a critical discussion of Lawrence Olivier’s seminal production of 1948. The Russian Hamlet of 1964, directed by Grigori Kozintsev, is shown to combine a psychological interpretation of the hero without disregarding its socio-political context. The action-film genre deployed by Franco Zeffirelli in his 1990 adaptation of the play, through a moving performance by Mel Gibson, is analysed. Kenneth Branagh’s ambitious and well-financed production of 1996 is shown to be somewhat marred by its excesses. Michael Almereyda’s attempt to present Shakespeare’s hero in a contemporary setting is shown to have powerful moments despite its flaws. The paper concludes that Shakespeare’s masterpiece will continue to fascinate future generations of directors, actors and audiences.

The majority of plants used in traditional medicine can have toxic effects. Two hundred grams of vegetable powder of each species were macerated, then filtered under vacuum on a Büchner. Tests for the detection of large groups of phytochemicals were carried out. Microbiological quality control has aimed mainly at Salmonella, yeasts and molds, total coliforms and fecal coliforms. The study of acute toxicity was conducted according to guideline 423 of the OECD protocol and subacute toxicity was studied from guideline 407 of the OECD. The blood samples were taken from the fasted rats and under anesthesia with diethyl ether. The hematological parameters were measured by the Medonic (Beckman coulteur-USA-). The masses obtained after drying the macerate in an oven at 50 °C were 28 g and 9.3 g respectively for Picralima nitida and Musanga cecropioides with respective yields of 14% and 4.65%. The tests for microbial germs likely to reveal the contamination of the extracts were negative. There were no anomalies in the parameters studied during acute toxicity, except for the aggressiveness of rats during the first day. No deaths have been recorded. The LD50 is therefore greater than 5000 mg/Kg. After twenty-eight days of observation during the study of subacute toxicity, variations in numerous parameters studied were observed in different batches. The average body weights of rats in all batches increased during the observation period. Analysis of the biochemical parameters of the rats' blood showed that many parameters were higher in the control group than in the treated groups.

Like most African countries, Cameroon benefits from the advantages of the use of Information and Communication Technologies. Faced with the emergence of the digital economy that influences all of contemporary society, there is the emergence and high consumption of computer, technological and electronic equipment by urban and rural populations in Cameroon. In Yaounde, this situation is observed in the popularisation of the mobile phone, the creation of startups, multimedia centers and especially the use of computers of all kinds. This digital economy is at the origin of the emergence of new actors whose main role is the maintenance of this increasingly sophisticated technological equipment.In the city of Yaoundé, these actors work daily in centers or structures that ensure the maintenance of the said devices in case of breakdown or mishandling. This research analyses the socio-economic and spatial implications of handling these technological equipment in Yaoundé. It is based on ab survey of 203 Yaounde's technology and electronics repair workshops conducted between 2014 and 2017, as well as direct interviews with 192 customers who solicited and obtained the services of these micro-enterprises. Thus, the implantations of the micro-computer and technological maintenance companies in this city have considerable socio-economic and spatial consequences through the creation of jobs and incomes as well as the undeniable strategies of the actors both in the conquest of the market and the occupation of urban space and the territory of Yaounde.

Food allergy is defined as an adverse immune-mediated response, which arises on exposure to a given food and is absent during prevention. The prevalence of food allergies has been increasing in the past twenty years and it represents a major public health problem in industrialized countries. Management of food allergy includes allergen avoidance or emergency treatment. An increasing appearance of allergies and atopic disorders, such as asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis, has been observed in recent decades. Epidemiological studies show a global increase in the prevalence of food allergy all over the world and manifestations of food allergy appear increasingly frequent also in elderly subjects. Henceforth, food allergy has become an increasing concern for families, clinicians, and policymakers. Several healthcare surveys, and results from longitudinal cohort studies around the globe indicate that food allergy imposes a growing burden to the world.

There is no doubt that training plays an important and vital role in improving performance by acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to accomplish the work [1]. The training is one of the life sciences that discuss the present and look to the future and address the shortcomings and mistakes, and help the individual to reformulate himself to adapt to the goals of renaissance and progress, and training is necessary and continuous activity over the life of the individual and activity inherent to the development of the individual and all levels of organizational levels It is not just a temporary solution to a problem facing the administration, continuous training is an investment in performance [2]. There have been many definitions of multiple vision of the researcher and those interested in this area. Among these definitions [3], training is defined as a planned process to modify the behavioral, cognitive and skill position through a learning experience to achieve effective performance in a range of activities, develop an individual's capabilities and satisfy current and future needs of the organization. This study aims to assess the level of outputs of training programs, not only to know their results, but to learn the next steps necessary to support the results of the training process. The problem was summarized in the deficiency of the level of outputs of training programs (reactions, learning, behavior, results). In private schools, and influenced by the demographic and organizational variables of individuals (age, qualification, administrative level, experience). The problem of the study was limited to training programs in the field of planning. The study concluded.

Plant Nutrition Diagnosis and Fertilization is the basic course of agricultural resources and environment major in colleges and universities, In recent years, from the aspects of optimizing the syllabus, constructing the teaching material system, designing the teaching content and reforming the teaching method, the teaching team has put forward some suggestions and implementation methods of the curriculum reform based on the needs of the development of modern agriculture in China, which aims to continuously innovate and improve the teaching quality in practice, and lays the foundation for the cultivation of innovative talents serving modern agriculture.

Introduction: Preterm neonates have deranged thyroid hormones levels often characterized by low T3/FT3 and often low to normal T4/FT4 and TSH levels. Thus, it may be essential to find the pattern of thyroid hormones levels in preterm in comparison to term neonates, the status of HPT axis in preterms and occurrence of Transient Hypothyroxinemia of Prematurity (THOP) in this part of globe, since serum FT3 and FT4 levels are correlated with TSH levels after establishment of HPT axis. We have focussed on these hormones in our study. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Northern India including 100 neonates in the study group (33 preterm and 67 term neonates as per gestational age). FT3, FT4 and TSH were estimated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) using diagnostic kits from Roche Diagnostics. The history of maternal illness, gestational age and birth weight of each neonate was recorded. Results: All the three hormones i.e. FT3, FT4 and TSH were significantly lower in preterm in comparison to term neonates. In term neonates FT3 was significantly correlated to both FT4 (r=0.453; p=0.00) and TSH (r=0.299; p=0.014) while no such correlation was found in preterm neonates. Discussion: Both sick euthyroid (low T3 syndrome) and transient hypothyroxinemia of premature infants (THOP) are noticed in pereterm neonates. The causes of low T3 syndrome may include hypoxemia, acidosis, infections, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, malnutrition, transient secondary/tertiary hypothyroidism, transient primary hypothyroidism and permanent primary hypothyroidism while THOP may be caused by iodine deficiency, maternal thyrotropin receptor blocking antibodies, maternal intake of anti-thyroid drugs, maternal or neonatal iodine exposure, loss of function mutations and hepatic haemangioma(20), maternal hyperthyroidism, prematurity and drugs. Since it may lead to undesirable neurodevelopmental outcome, thyroid hormones supplementation in preterms should be cautiously studied in larger sample size. Also, these factors must be considered while screening for congenital hypothyroidism.

Providing funds for consumers by a finance company (bank) to buy consumer goods whose payments are made by the installments or conducted periodically by consumers called as financing or consumer credit. The responsibilities of the public appraisal service in the appraisal agreement with the service user, it is stated that the appraisal service company responsibility is only limited due to the time and place of the implementation of assessment, where the appraisal service company is responsible for assets and reports other than those that occur after time and the place stated in the report is no longer the responsibility of the appraisal service company after conducting an appraisal and issuing the report. The legal material analysis technique was conducted by using grammatical and systematic interpretation. The results obtained in this study indicated that there is a repressive legal protection that can be provided to banks as a disadvantaged party due to a default of public appraisers in the appraisal report. The protection is in the form of completing a civil suit on the basis of tort or civil suit on the basis of acts against the law. In addition, banks can also propose a criminal suits on the basis of fraud. The need for special arrangements regarding the appraisal agreement and accountability of public appraisers, in order to prevent things that can harm the parties concerned and maintain the reputation of the public appraiser as a professional service.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the penal mediation that does not aim to achieve formal justice and the practice of penal mediation at the Manokwari Police Department. The research method is normative legal research, using a statute and conceptual approach. The collected legal materials are then analyzed qualitatively, then presented descriptively. The results showed that the dimension of mediation of the penalties achieved was not formal justice through the Criminal Justice sub-system regulated in formal legal regulations. From a juridical perspective, mediation of penalties in the dimensions of state law (ius constitutum) is actually not well known and still leaves controversy, among those who agree and disagree to be applied. The essential issue leads to the choice of a pattern of criminal dispute resolution, related to the domain of state superiority with the superiority of the local wisdom community. The practice of mediating penalties at the Manokwari Police Department in the last 3 years (2017, 2018 and 2019) the number of criminal cases every year has always increased in number, as well as the mediation of cases conducted by the Manokwari Police Department each year experiencing an increase in the number of criminal cases being mediated.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the criminal penalties and criminal liability of children, as well as the mechanism of supervisory sanctions for children in conflict with the law. This type of research is normative juridical research. The legal material used is primary legal material and secondary legal material. Data collection techniques used to obtain data and information through library research methods. Primary legal materials and secondary legal materials that have been collected and then analyzed which will later be linked to the principles, legal theories and the formulation of existing legislation and conclusions can be drawn. The results showed that the elements of criminal accountability were (1) Capable of being responsible; (2) There are errors; and (3) Absence of forgiving reasons. All three elements must be fulfilled by a child when he will be held accountable before the law. The imposition of criminal sanctions for supervision of children in conflict with the law is reviewed from the perspective of a criminal law on child protection based on Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System for Children. The imposition of supervision criminal is based on the type of crime committed by the child.

Introduction: Gastric Cancer is one of the major causes of cancer specific deaths worldwide and incidence of Proximal Gastric Cancer is increasing with time. Laparoscopic gastrectomy has increased in popularity in recent years due to lesser complications and higher functional preservation. Objective: To find out the Comparision of Peri-Operative Findings between Proximal Laparoscopic Gastrectomyand Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Proximal Gastric Cancer. Methods: Between January 2018 and August 2019, a total of 77 patients underwent LPG with B1 reconstruction or LTG with Roux-en-Y (R-Y) reconstruction for gastric cancer in the proximl stomach in Marks medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. LPG was performed in 15 cases with tumor located in the upper third of the stomach. The resection line in the stomach was kept at least 5 cm apart from the gastric angle. On the other hand, LTG was performed in 57 cases of proximal gastric cancer. Results: In this study we have compared the peri-operative findings of 72 patients with proximal gastric cancers who underwent tumor excision surgery and were diveded into two groups according to different surgical approach; Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy and Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy. After statistical analysis, no significant differences were found in peri-operative outcomes between two groups. Prospective studies with larger sample size are required to validate the findings of this study. Conclusion: We found that there are no any significant differences in peri-operative findings between Laparoscopic Proximal Gastrectomy and Laparoscopic total gastrectomy surgical approach for proximal gastric cancer.