Objective: To investigate the aesthetic perceptions of 100 consecutive patients and their parents of orthodontic treatment need and to compare their observations with that of orthodontists. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 consecutive orthodontic patients seen for the first time at Sharavathi dental college and Hospital. Of the total sample, 49 were males and 51 were females, with ages ranging from 7 to 21 years (mean + SD; 12.81 + 3.08). The self-assessment by patients and the recording by parents and orthodontists were carried out using the Aesthetic (AC) and Dental Health (DHC) Components of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) as applicable. Results: The results showed a strong association in the perception of dental appearance by patients and the views of other dental assessors. These correlations were highly statistically significant (P<0.001) with the highest correlation between the parents and the orthodontists (r =0.791) while the least was between the patients and the orthodontists (r = 0.653). The study also found that about one-half of the patients were in the "definite need for orthodontic treatment". Conclusions: There is a strong relationship in the perceptions of dental appearance by patients, parents and orthodontists. This index could therefore be used as an effective tool in communication and achieving realistic treatment decisions.

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is primarily a pediatric disorder and it affects 1-3 per 100,000 children <16 years of age. The prevalence of UTI is high in nephrotic syndrome patients.UTI may be responsible for poor response to steroid therapy and it also induces relapses. Objectives: To determine the incidence of urinary tract infection, identifications of pathogen and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of UTI in children with nephrotic syndrome. Method: All nephrotic syndrome patients attending the OPD or Indoor who are fulfilling the criteria were included in the study. Detailed history was taken. Routine tests including the urine culture sensitivity were sent. Result: Incidence of UTI among nephrotic syndrome patients was18.75%. E.coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter was the organisms. Commonest organism found was E.coli. Aminoglycoside group of drugs found to be the most sensitive (100%) followed by third generation cephalosporin (80%). Conclusion: UTI is not at all uncommon in nephrotic syndrome patients and all the patients may not present with classical symptoms. Hence a high degree of suspicion is essential for early diagnosis.

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Behavioral Change Communication on knowledge of self care management of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic clients in Mappedu village. The objectives of the study was to assess the level knowledge on self care management of diabetic Foot ulcer among diabetic client in the pre test, To assess the effectiveness of behavioral change communication on self care management of diabetic Foot ulcer among diabetic client in the post test and To associate the post test level of knowledge with demographic variable Totally 50 samples were selected using convenient sampling technique. The researcher developed a structured interview schedule to assess the demographic variables of the samples .The pre test level of knowledge is assessed using questionarrie and then after completing pre-test the investigator administered vedio assisted teaching on diabetic foot care to the clients. Then the post test were conducted to the samples with the same structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.The findings of the study reveals that out of 50 samples in pre test 0(0%) had adequate knowledge, 17(34%) had inadequate knowledge 33(66%) had poor knowledge and in post test 35(70%) had adequate knowledge, 15(30%) had inadequate knowledge and 0(0%) had poor knowledge. The calculated ‘t’ value for experimental group was t=6.47 which is found significant at P>0.05 level. So the Behavioral Change Communication on knowledge of self care management of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic clients is effective.

Euler deconvolution and Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) geophysical interpretation techniques using Oasis Montaj version 6.4 was applied to estimate basement depth of northeastern part of Sokoto basin, northwestern Nigeria. The study area lies between longitudes of 505"E to 605"E and latitude 1205"N to 1305"N. The results of the studies indicate an increase in sedimentation northwards, with several depressions on the basement rock. The Euler deconvolution results shows the maximum depth in the study area to be 2.39 km, while Source parameter imaging indicates 1.79 km to be the highest depth. The areas where higher sedimentary thickness are observed such as sheet 11 (Rabah) and sheet 12 (Isah), are the most prospect sites where threshold temperatures could be attained.

Background and rationale: Job stress has become a major problem in recent period particularly in nursing profession. Work stress is the second prevailing problem related to health. The background of critical care areas is extremely hectic and stressful, that result from frequent emergencies, extraordinary high-tech complexity, and absorption of severely wounded patients subject to abrupt alterations in their health condition. Stress in the hajj season seems to be at its peak because nurses have consecutive 15 shifts and handling a high numbers of multicultural and multilingual patients. Objective of the study: To find out the level of job related stress and its related consequences among nurses working in the critical care areas of King Abdullah Medical City during hajj season. Methods: We used a questionnaire of 35 questions with likert scale as 1= Never, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, 4 = most often and 5 = always. In addition, we targeted all the nurses working in critical care area during hajj time of 2017. Results: From 100 (n=100) participants 39% responded as having mild stress, 47% participants having moderate stress and 14% nurses facing severe degree of stress. the majority 51% of this sample nurses showed moderate to severe degree of job satisfaction and a small percentage 2% were mildly satisfied with their job. Moreover, almost half participants 49% have mild mental and physical health problems due to stress while 22% to 29% respondents facing moderate to severe degree of health problems. Furthermore, 40% of the staff experienced a mild degree of being emotionally drained at work, while 33% of them had severe degree and 27% experienced a moderate degree. Additionally, 55% of the nurses responded that they are not participating in job related decisions. More than half of nurses were apathetic towards their colleagues and a maximum number of participant have feeling of incompetence. The results of an open-ended question for techniques to cope with the

PT Intan Sejati is a company engaged in printing services. The production process at PT. Intan Sejati uses 96 machines. The maintenance activities carried out by the company are corrective maintenance. Engine damage in the period (January-December) in 2018 shows that there are 636 engine failures that require part replacement with 44% of damage occurring in the printing machine, which means the machine's printing process is a critical machine. This study was conducted to classify the criterion index part of the machine using the Reliability Centered Spares method, sorting out critical parts repairable and non repairable, determining the needs of critical parts using the Poisson Process method, determining the minimum and maximum stock quantities, determining the size of orders for economic parts using the Economic Order Quantity. The results of the RCS worksheet show that there are 3 high critical classification parts, 52 medium critical classification parts, 33 low critical classification parts and 48 not critical classification parts. The calculation of part requirements is carried out on 14 part units which are included in the high category and critical medium and have a frequency of damage ≥3 times. 14 units of parts are included in the category of non repairable parts. The biggest critical part needs are on the XL 105 engine with 61 units and the smallest need is on the SM 52 A engine with 21 units. The largest maximum and minimum amount of inventory is on the CD 102 machine with a supply range of 9-26 units and the smallest inventory is on the XL 105 engine with a supply range of 2-3 units. The largest economical ordering size is on the SM 102 B engine with 11 units and the smallest on the XL 105 engine with 2 units.

Background: This analysis is a radiographic instrument that was developed directly from the philosophy expressed in Arnett and Bergman “Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, Parts I and II”. The novelty of this approach, as with the “Facial Keys” articles, is an emphasis on soft tissue facial measurement. This article describes comparison ofdentoskeletal factors between Himachali and Caucasian female population that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face which should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to highlightthe differences in dentoskeletal factors between Himachali and Caucasian population. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 50Himachali femalesof age group 18-25 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib and tracing of soft tissue profile as well as related osseous and dental structures were made using Nemoceph software. Then Arnett’sdentoskeletal traits were compared with Himachali dentoskeletal traits. Results: The overjetin Himachali female population is more as compared to Caucasian female population. Conclusion: Himachali females may need more retraction of upper incisors as compared to caucasian females.

Radicular cysts are the most common odontogenic cysts affecting the oral cavity. They are usually asymptomatic and are diagnosed during routine radiologic examination. Depending on the extent of the lesion, the cyst is managed by non-surgical or surgical means. Root canal therapy is preferred in a localised lesion whereas in large extensive cysts, enucleation, marsupialization or decompression is done. In this case report, we present the diagnosis and surgical management of a massive infected radicular cyst in the maxillary posterior region.

Background: To ascertain if fluoridated dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Polycarbonate brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No’s 45 included in the study with Polycarbonate bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Fluoride based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around Polycarbonate bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows Polycarbonate bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with Fluoride toothpaste.

Fresh palm oil is known to compose of vitamin A and E; two well known antioxidants which combat alot of ailments caused by reactive oxygen species. Thermoxidized palm oil on the other hand has deleterious effects on some organs. This study was done to find out the effects of chronic consumption of palm oil on some renal function indices (protein, glucose and creatinine) in rats. Thirty male albino rats (weighing 140g-160g) of the wistar strain were randomly divided into three groups of ten rats each namely: control; (fed normal rat chow), FPO (fed 15%w/w fresh palm oil diets) and TPO (fed 15%w/w thermoxidized palm oil diets). All groups had free access to tap water. Results showed that plasma protein levels in TPO-fed animals were significantly (P<0.001) higher compared with control and FPO-fed groups. Creatinine levels were significantly (P<0.001) higher in TPO-fed group than those of the control and FPO-fed groups. Urine protein, glucose and creatinine levels in the TPO-fed group were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of control and FPO groups. Conclusion: Chronic consumption of thermoxidized palm oil distorts renal handling of protein, glucose and Creatinine, while fresh palm oil maintains these renal function indices.

Ridge augmentation of the deficient alveolar ridge is often required to compensate for the bone loss and to make it suitable for an implant placement. In this case report, we followed the technique of ridge split technique with simultaneous PRF and implant placement in the anterior maxillary region.

Problematics of the execution of patent object which are technological products as fiduciary guarantees is the impact of disorderly attitude by the community in increasing added value and competitiveness when achieving development goals. It also arises from violations against Law No. 13 of 2016 about patent, ratification of TRIPs (Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights), attachment to the rules of World Trade Organization (WTO). The problem is whether patent object can be used as a fiduciary guarantee and how positive law regulates the power of a fiduciary guarantee certificate in the execution. The research methods use a normative juridical method, by used secondary data obtained through study literature and analyzed qualitatively. The result and discussion of this research is that patent object can be used as a fiduciary guarantee and it can be executed if the debtor violate the agreement between parties, where the implementation of the execution is based on Article 29 paragraph 1 of Law No. 42 of 1999 about fiduciary guarantee. Also, the power of the fiduciary guarantee is the same as the court decision that has obtained permanent legal force if the agreement with fiduciary guarantee has been registered.

Background: To ascertain if fluoridated dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Stainless steel brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No’s 12 included in the study with Stainless steel bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Fluoride based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around Stainless steel bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows Stainless steel bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with Fluoride toothpaste.

Sport psychology help professional and amateur athletes to deal with their problems, improve their performance and achieve their goals. Sports psychology can even help people outside the playground. Sports psychology important for successful performance in most sports, it can help all athletes to Enhance performance, Cope with the pressures of competition, Recover from injuries, Keep up an exercise program and enjoying their sports. The present conceptual paper will review general psychological factors that already affect the athletes’ performance and sports.

Background: To ascertain if herbal dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Self ligating brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No’s 25 included in the study with SLB bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Herbal based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around SLB bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows self-ligating bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with herbal toothpaste.