Valsalva hemorrhagic retinopathy is a rare condition, often responsible for a sharp drop in visual acuity associated with pre-macular retinal hemorrhage. Pregnancy is considered a risk factor. We report a case of Valsalva retinopathy and pregnancy; through a review of the literature we describe the pathophysiological mechanism of this condition as well as the therapeutic management modalities.

Hair plays a vital role in enhancing the personality of a human. As the hair is the first noticeable part of beauty for women as well as men. The scalp and hair conditions also have more psychological impact on human societies. Even minor changes in hairs like greying of hair, early hair fall affect the self-confidence and self-esteem of an individual. Acharya Charka considered Hair as Mala (Waste product) of Asthi Dhatu (Bone), while Sharngdhara thinks it as a Updhathu (tissue) of Asthi. Various Ayurvedic Jagran is described in different Classics for the disease of Hairs like Khalitya (Hair loss), Palitya (Premature Greying of Hairs) Indralupta (Alopecia areata) and Darunaka (Dandruff) etc. Like other disorders of body disbalance of Vatta, Pitta and Kapha are also involves in the aetiopathogenesis. Keshya (Hair tonic) Keshya-Samjanana (Hair revitalizer) and Keshya-Ranjana (Natural hair restoring agent) are used to treat hair fall and pre-mature greying of hair. The greying of hair and wrinkle on the face are the two important cardinal features of aging. Classical Ayurvedic Chikitsasutra (treatment guideline) advocated the Poshana (nourishment) of Dhatu for the normal growth of Updhatu and Mala. Similarly, the treatment of Mula (Origin) of Srotas (micro and marco channels of body) is also considered in the treatment. Indian Gooseberry, false Daisy, true indigo, iron-containing compounds and other herbs are used as Rasayana (rejuvenator), Panchkarama, Snehana and Vasti Chikitsa to treat hair disorders.

Aim: To investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) without visual impairment using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to compare the results with healthy control. Study Design: Case Control, Quantities, non-randomized study. Methods and materials: This study was conducted in the neurology and ophthalmology department, King Faisal Specialized hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2015 to April 2015. Sample: This study was included 22 participants, 11 Alzheimer's patients and 11 healthy controls between the age of 50-75 years old female and male. Examinations: After sinning the informed consent, a number of examinations in the ophthalmology performed and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured by 3D OCT-2000 Spectral Domain OCT. Statistical Analysis: All statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21.0, for MacBook Pro. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. All the data were analyzed and compared using Mann–Whitney U test. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Patients with AD showed a significant reduction in the total RNFLT compared to the control group (84.21 ± 12.68 μm versus 98.27 ± 16.25 μm; P = 0.006). Furthermore, the nasal and inferior RNFL thickness were significantly lower in patients with AD compared to the controls with a P = 0.007 and P = 0.010 in the nasal and the inferior quadrant, respectively. Also, no significant thinning in the temporal and the superior quadrant in AD retinal nerve fiber layer was detected. Conclusion: Patients with Alzheimer disease exhibit a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) than the healthy control subjects.

Empty sella syndrome is a condition in which the pituitary gland appears to be partially or totally absent from the pituitary fossa. It is a misnomer in that, the sella is not truly empty, but filled with cerebrospinal fluid and as such, the pituitary gland is flattened or shrunken and hence not visualized on imaging. In most cases, it is asymptomatic and found on imaging as an incidental finding. In symptomatic cases it may present with headaches, CSF rhinorrhoea, visual field defects or partial or panhypopituitarism. Here we report a case of a 62 year old Nigerian male who presented with hemiparesis, and CT evidence of empty sella syndrome and myxedema crises.

Academic supervision has a very important role in implementing an effective learning process as an effort to improve the quality of learning at school. The duty and responsibility of the principal as a supervisor is to improve the professionalism of the teacher in the process of learning activities. This study uses a qualitative approach while the data collection techniques are done through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. This research was conducted in MAN 1 Trenggalek and MAN 2 Trenggalek East Java, Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the headmaster in implementing supervision of learning, adjusting to the plans outlined in the supervision program, using instruments and observation sheets, using the principles of supervision, using techniques and approaches that are varied and implemented with a pleasant atmosphere. The Islamic school head takes strategic steps as an embryo of success in implementing the supervision of learning in the school.

In 2015, the scandal on Facebook and Cambridge Analytica Ltd, a British political consulting firm - subsidiary of the SCL Group, shook the international public opinion on digital privacy. The subject has attracted scholar attention, after 87 million mostly Facebook users worldwide, had their personal information under suspicion of data misappropriation, for political influence. In spite of the investigations conducted, a puzzling question remains: does digital privacy really exist? This article investigated the event and the role of the companies involved. Key findings point out that the sharing of personal identifiable information is a structured business model, with a vast ecosystem of providers and consumers. The article threw more light on digital privacy, and ultimately brought a full set of recommendations on data protection.

Latex allergy is an occupational hazard in healthcare workers. This review is aimed at highlighting reaction types, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of latex allergy in healthcare workers (HCWs).

This paper applied polynomial displacement functions for free-vibration study of isotropic thick rectangular plates. The theory uses a third-order polynomial to describe how the transverse shear stress varies across the thickness of the plate and has no need for a shear correction factor. Polynomial expressions were used as the displacement functions (u, v and w) and also as shear deformation function f(z) in obtaining the general governing equations for the plate. For numerical illustrations, a thick rectangular plate whose four edges have simple supports (SSSS) was studied. The requirements for the edge conditions of the simply supported plate were satisfied and used in solving the general governing equation. This resulted to a linear equation used to generate for the plate, the non-dimensional fundamental natural frequency parameters for any value of span-thickness relation (a/t) and in-plane relation (b/a). To validate this study, results obtained herein were compared with related previous works in literature.

Aim and objectives: To measure the tip, rotation, anchorage loss and rate of retraction during the retraction of upper permanent canines with conventional Roth brackets and synergy Roth brackets using frictionless mechanics. Methodology: The samples in the present study consist of two groups between the age group of 13 to 20 years. Thirty patients who required maxillary canine retraction into first premolar extraction sites as part of their orthodontic treatment completed this study. In a random split-mouth design consisting of Group 1- Conventional Roth brackets and Group 2- Synergy Roth brackets, the retraction of upper canines was performed using PG (Poul Gjessing) spring with 100 g of force. The amount of tip, rotation, anchorage loss and rate of retraction during canine retraction were evaluated on dental casts. Results: The rate of canine retraction was statistically and clinically significant with Synergy Roth brackets (P ˂ .05), but there were no Statistical difference between Conventional Roth and Synergy Roth brackets regarding the tip, rotation and anchorage loss (P ˃ .05). Conclusion: Efficient rate of canine retraction was found with Synergy Roth brackets hence it can be employed in group a anchorage cases.

Jateorhiza macrantha is a known medicinal plant used in ethno medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, cough, boils and ulcer. This study is aimed at evaluating the antibacterial activity of chromatography fractions from the aqueous ethanol extract of the leaves of Jateorhiza macrantha as a preliminary step towards isolation and characterization of its anti-bacterial constituent(s). The aqueous ethanol extract (AEE) was obtained by exhaustive cold maceration in 70% aqueous ethanol and further fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) techniques with a mobile phase gradient of n-hexane:chloroform:methanol (4:0:0, 3:1:0, 2:2:0, 1:3:0, 0:4:0, 0:3:1, 0:2:2, 0:1:3, and 0:0:4 v/v/v) into three fractions: non-polar (NPF1, eluted with n-hexane:chloroform:methanol 4:0:0, 3:1:0, 2:2:0 v/v/v), moderately polar (NPF2, eluted with n-hexane:chloroform:methanol 1:3:0, 0:4:0, 0:3:1, 0:2:2, 0:1:3 v/v/v) and polar (NPF3, eluted with n-hexane:chloroform:methanol 0:0:4 v/v/v). Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, and Salmonella typhi and the Minimum Inhibition concentration (MIC) extrapolated following the graphical approach. Functional group investigation was done using infra red spectroscopy. Three chromatography fractions NPF-1 –NPF3 obtained had MIC range of 5.0 mg/ml > MIC <0.26 mg/ml. NPF3 was relatively pure showing a single spot on TLC and its IR spectra are evidence for OH, N-H, C-O, C=C, and C-H stretching and deformation vibration frequencies typical of amino derivative of a lactone glycoside. The observed antibacterial activity justifies the ethno medicinal uses of Jateorhiza macrantha.

As a functional material, high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes are widely used in basic science and nanotechnology, such as mechanics, thermology, electricity, etc. Single-walled carbon nanotubes prepared by arc discharge method have fewer defects and are more suitable for mechanical and electrical applications; therefore, arc discharge method was adopted to prepare single-walled carbon nanotubes in this paper. Firstly, single-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by dc arc discharge. Then, single-walled carbon nanotubes were purified by physical and chemical synthesis, after burning, acidification and selective dissolution in organic solvent, single-wall carbon nanotubes with high purity were obtained. Single-walled carbon nanotubes which purified before and after was investigated by Uv-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.

The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on the growth of and the accumulation of Cu2+ by root, shoot and leaf growth of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were examined in this study. The purpose of our experiments was to consider sensitivity of the chosen 2 sunflower cultivars (Helianthus anus L.Cv.FH626 and FH674) to copper ions on the ground of physiological characteristics (content of leaf area, fresh matter, dry matter, amount of to show possible resistance mechanisms of this plant to copper ions. Afterwards they were poured with distilled water with the solution enriched with copper with concentration 20 mM CuSO4.5H2O and the last chosen combination was 40 mM CuSO4.5H2O. Waterings in the next phases of the experiment did not contain metal. In spite of the fact that no significant visual symptoms of toxic effect of metal were markedly noticeable, we detected decrease in the content of dry basis in the roots (less than 25–39% in comparison with the control of two tested cultivars treated by Cu cv. FH626 & FH674 tends to be the most resistant or tolerant to Cu toxicity from the point of view of evaluation of physiological parameters of particular cultivars.

The most difficult challenge for practitioners is to solve the problem of the loose and functional instability of the mandibular denture, particularly for patients with a severely resorbed ridge. Neutral zone technique must be relied on, to set the teeth in the space where the displacing forces of the lips, the tongue, and cheeks are balanced. It guarantees optimal prosthetic integration. This case report describes the steps of recording this neutral zone.

Obesity is a chronic disease and a major global health challenge. Apart from bariatric surgery, which is costly and not without risk, there are currently no successful long-term treatment options for obesity. The history of pharmacological agents for obesity has been turbulent with many examples of drugs being removed from the market due to significant side effects. Orlistat and sibutramine (the latest drugs on the market) provide only modest weight loss and are both associated with high attrition rates due to intolerable side effects. Furthermore, sibutramine was recently withdrawn from the market. There is a need for the development of safe and efficacious drug treatments for obesity. Methods: From our sample collection of more than 65 subjects for metabolic disorders research. These subjects were grouped on the basis of diabetes, obesity and gender status. Equal number of subjects was taken for each comparison group to minimize the effects of confounding factors. For diabetes, these sixty five subjects were divided into two groups (n=40 non-diabetic and n=30 type 2 diabetics). While considering obesity, these eighty subject were divided on the basis of their Body Mass Index (n=35 non-obese and n=40 obese). For gender based analysis, the groups based on diabetes and obesity were made (n=20 in each sub-group) and further analyzed while keeping n=10 males and n=10 females in each sub-group. Serum leptin and biochemical analytes were measured for all subjects and data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software. Results: Leptin levels were found significantly low in nonobese as compared to obese subjects (Mean ± SD: 5.2 ± 2.0 vs. 7.1 ± 2.1 ng/ml, p<0.001). No significant difference was found for non-diabetics and diabetics (6.4 ± 2.4 vs. 5.9 ± 2.2 ng/ml, p=0.35). Gender dimorphism showed significant differences for leptin (p<0.0001). Spearman’s analysis showed strong correlation between leptin and obesity (r=0.43, p=0.0001), gender (r=0.24, p=0.02) irrespective of obesity or diabetes.

Sharing agricultural information among stakeholders involved in community food security projects is believed to be critical to the implementation success of the projects. Information sharing on pest and disease control, markets and prices of agricultural produce, flood control, especially for flood prone regions like the Nyando basin, is critical for stakeholders involved in community food security programming Implementation of sustainable community food security projects is a major challenge not only in Kenya, but also in many developing countries affected by acute food insecurity. Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggest that sharing of agricultural information among agricultural stakeholder stakeholders may have a positive influence on implementation of sustainable community food security projects. However, few studies have established the association between stakeholder information sharing and implementation of community. The study was conducted in the Nyando basin of Western Kenya. The Nyando basin is one of the regions in Kenya that experiences serious food insecurity. The perennial flooding and with the basin exposes the families and communities in the Nyando Basin not only to food insecurity but also to diseases that cumulatively affect the productive capacity of the families and communities living within the basin. A cross-sectional study design was used. The target population was 769 people composed of members of three food security projects (cassava, sorghum and sweet potato projects), agricultural extension officers, county government officials, managers of non-governmental organizations providing technical support to community food security projects within the basin. A sample size of 260 was computed using Krecjie and Morgan [1] sample size estimation. Data was collected using questionnaire. Simple random sampling and stratified sampling procedures were used. Descriptive and inferential data were analysed. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, means and standard deviation, while inferential statistics included Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, ANOVA and regression coefficients. There was significant relationship between stakeholder information sharing and implementation of sustainable community food security projects (r = 0.120 and p = 0.061; thus, p value of 0.000 < 0.05). It is recommended that stakeholder information sharing processes should be prioritized in community food security projects to make them sustainable. It is also recommended that stakeholder information sharing should be integrated in community food security policies and projects.