In this paper, we will study two classes of problems in the acquisition/learning of English by non-native learners, which appear to be familiar to all language learners. We will try to determine the role played according to language universals in the acquisition of these categories. Research on the issue of the grammatical agreement has shown that there are many languages in the world, where the third person singular perfective verb is unmarked as in Semitic languages. In Arabic, for example, the third person singular masculine is the least marked: Dahab (he) went. The omission of the copula is a common problem for many speakers of different languages. In the case of EFL Arab learners, the absence of the copula is attributed either to interference with the L1, because in Arabic there is no copula in the present [1] or to a simplification strategy [2]. The fact that certain types of errors are universal let us believe deeply that universal parameters are causing such errors. The production of common errors in ESL or EFL, or in any other language, can be explained by both aspects of contrastive analysis and universal grammar.

Biotechnology is the emerging field of science that involved for the development of medical products medicines like vaccine based on DNA, recombinant vaccine genomics and proteomics. The purpose of this review included applications of biotechnology in healthcare. Several diseases remain undiagnosed at molecular level. By taken advantage through applications of biotechnology, many advancement has been taken in the in the field of medicine and health sciences. These medicines are alternative of traditional medicines which were used without any diagnosis. In PCR, amplification of gene product visualize in a specific manner. In gene therapy affected cells are replaced with normal cells it can be used for both somatic cells and germ cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has important applications to determine that how chromosomes arrangement involved in the behavior of an individual. Biotechnology also has other important applications in healthcare such protemics , genomics and gene therapy. Several vaccines have been made through using tools of biotechnology. There are some diseases that needed to treat at genetic level though healthcare biotechnology.

Goal of prosthodontics is rehabilitation of missing oral and extra oral structures with restoration of normal function of mastication, speech, swallowing, esthetics etc. Defects of orofacial region, whether congenital or acquired, affects the patient physically and psychologically leading to poor quality of life. Benign and malignant lesions in the oral region are common, which requires surgical corrections. Surgical intervention of such lesions results in defects, affecting the function and esthetics of an individual. This case report explains prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillectomy defect caused due to surgical excision of Ameloblastoma with Hollow bulb obturator with Cast partial denture. By fabrication of this prosthesis it covers the anatomic defect which forms communication among the oral cavity, nasal cavity and maxillary sinus.

The small saphenous vein (SSV) has several termination modalities and several types of afferent branches. The latter participate in the physiopathology of insufficiency of the small saphenous vein and explain the majority of recurrences after open or endovenous surgical cures. This study details the modes of termination and topography of afferents of the SSV. This is a cadaveric dissection involving 62 members of fresh and embalmed anatomical subjects. A popliteal approach and an extension is made towards the femoral region and towards the lateral malleolus are performed. Several parameters have been studied: the number of SSV, the number and distribution of terminal branches in the popliteal vein, in the great saphenous vein or in the thigh and the existence of musculocutaneous afferents of leg and thigh. We found that 45% of terminations were with a sapheno-popliteal junction. This form was absent in 55% of the cases. Consequently, the termination was either in the great saphenous vein, or in the posterior muscular compartment of the thigh, or in integumentary branches of the leg or thigh, or in the twin veins. This SSV received, in its course, twin veins, femoral veins, and integumentary veins.These anatomical variations of termination make a rigorous clinical and ultrasonographic examination indispensable in order to have a good mapping of the vein an to avoid recurrence of varicoses after surgery.

Full mouth rehabilitation always requires meticulous treatment planning and careful attention for procedures. All the efforts are directed towards reestablishing a state of functional efficiency in which, the teeth and their periodontal structures, the muscles of mastication and temporomandibular joint mechanisms are all functions together in synchronous harmony. This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a patient with multiple missing and decayed teeth. The specific treatment objective being restoration of masticatory function, esthetic rehabilitation and improved self confidence.

Short guide RNAs of catalytically inactive CRISPR associated 9 nuclease uses to express endogenous genes in human cells and bacteria. Chimeric nucleases help in precise and efficient genetic modifications leads to double strand breakage which can be repaired by DNA repair mechanism by homology directed repair and non-homology end joining. Here, we describe that single or multiple gRNAs direct dCas9 fused to a VP64 transcriptional activation domain to enhance the expression of endogenous human genes. Light-activated CRISPR-Cas9 effector (LACE) system induces dynamic regulation of genes in the presence of blue light. Targeted activation of endogenous neurogenic genes in transgenic mice leads to direct and efficient conversion of astrocytes into functional neurons in vivo. CRISPR-on can activate the endogenous IL1RN, SOX2, and OCT4 genes. Activation of genes was achieved by clusters of 3-4 sgRNAs that bind to the proximal promoters, result in their synergistic action in gene induction. Moreover, it fused with transcriptional activators in endogenous human INS (silenced gene with a fully methylated promoter). Multiplexed gene editing helps in metabolic engineering in yeast and CHO mammalian host. In this review we describe the applications and development of Cas9 for a variety of research or translational applications.

Dental implants are popular treatment option for replacement of missing teeth. Teeth loss causes alveolar bone resorption. Implant placement may require sufficient bone volume. Therefore bone augmentation can be done prior to implant placement. For bone augmentation autograft, allografts, xenografts and synthetic materials can be used. After augmentation implants can be placed successfully. In this case report autogenous block graft is taken for augmentation. Rehabilitation of edentulous region is done by implant placement.

COVID-19 infection is the current challenge that faces the research community worldwide. Although chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for management of malaria, revealed to have clear value and tolerable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China, we theorize that minocycline combined with suitable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug will give better result than Chloroquine phosphate monotherapy. Nouraldein theory needs invitro and Invivo experiments to confirm it.

Sinusitis one of the most troublesome diseases disturbing the usual daily activities. It is manifested by severe headache, nasal discharge, sneezing etc which creates a great problem. For its management analgesics, nasal decongestants & finally curettage of the sinus to remove the fluid deposit is adopted in modern medical science. However in Ayurveda Nasya & Dhumapan is best applied in this connection. A clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of Sadvindu Taila nasal drop in the management of frontal sinusitis. For this purpose total 40 patients of frontal sinusitis were collected from the OPD & IPD of Gangasheel Ayurvedic medical college, Bareilly(UP) as per the selection criteria. They were divided into two groups i.e. trial group & control group (consisting of 20 patients each) to whom the nasal drop Sadvindu Taila & Otrivin (Xylometazoline hydrochloride) nasal drop was given respectively. The trial drug was given in the prescribed dose for 7 days under Nasya & Dhumapana procedure. The control drug, in normal way only nasal instillation. After 7 days evaluation was done depending on the subjective & objective parameters. For statistical evaluation, mean ± SD, paired t-test was calculated. It was observed that the trial drug is very much effective in decreasing Headache, sneezing, nasal discharge & other allergic manifestation. Radiological the fluid level also decreased. Though the drug is better effective but it is not accepted by all the patients as it causes severe irritation in nasal mucosa. With the total study it can be concluded that the trial drug Sadvindu Taila has a great scope in the management of sinusitis, especially frontal sinusitis. Further studies are required to establish the drug more scientifically.

The nature has provided an entire warehouse of remedies to cure ailments of mankind. About 80 per cent of the world's population depends partially or wholly on traditional medicine for its primary health care needs. Herbal medicines as the key remedy in traditional medical system have been used in medical practice for past era and have made a great involvement to maintain human health. Thus Pharmacognostical study appears to be of enormous value in identification of commercial samples of the market to find their authenticity and establishing identity of adulterant or substituent. In addition lack of standardization, dishonest commercial practice of adulterating and substituting the genuine herbal drugs are posing great obstacle in popularizing the time-tested herbal-based traditional medicines. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. The plant was subjected to determination of various physicochemical parameters including ash values (total ash, water soluble ash) and extractive values (alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive). The powdered crude drug was extracted successively with various solvents with increasing polarity and further the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the identification of various phytoconstituents. The study of heavy metal analysis, total bacterial count & test for Aflatoxins studies was also carried out as WHO guidelines. More over the fingerprint profile of Desmostachya bipinnata was established using thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods. The results of the TLC profiling of the extract confirm about the presence of various phytochemicals.

The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common health issue particularly in the developing and if remain untreated can manifest serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to figure out the current situation of subclinical thyroid disease in the Pakistani and Afghan refugees living in Quetta city. For this purpose different public sector hospitals were visited on regular bases from October 2018 to October 2019 to find out the prevalence of this disease. Subclinical hypo and hyperthyroid patients of both the nationalities age among 20-70 years were enrolled. Furthermore, the prevalence of clinical sign and symptoms related to thyroidal dysfunction, the physical activities of the patients, use of iodized/non-iodized salt, feeding habit was also recorded. To confirm the status of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism the thyroid functional test (TFT) was performed by using Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). Our data showed that the prevalence of Thyroidism was higher in females than males both in Pakistani and Afghani patients. The overall prevalence of euthyroid was (21.66%), hypothyroidism (45.83%) and hyperthyroid (32.52%), thus the prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be higher than hyperthyroidism and this prevalence was high in the patients among 20-45 years of age. Furthermore, the prevalence data related to clinical sign showed that weight gain (82.12%), cold intolerance (79.60%) and anxiety (74.34%) was more common in hypothyroid patients whereas, weight loss (84.23%), goiter (79.13%) and increase heart rate (78.51%) were the common issues in hyperthyroid patients.

This paper furnishes a financial synopsis of BHEL through financial ratios. BHEL is India’s biggest engineering and manufacturing company of its kind occupied in the design, engineering, manufacture, construction, testing, commissioning and servicing of a wide range of products and services for the core sectors of the economy, viz. Power, Transmission, Industry, Transportation, Renewable Energy, Oil & Gas and Defense. Ratio analysis is one of procedure used to measure the financial position of the company in the four main characteristic liquidity, solvency, turnover and profitability. The main goal of this paper is to interpret the financial performance of BHEL, along with BHEL’s financial performance is compared with its peers BMEL, L&T, PUNJLLYOD, THERMAX can be understood.

The LD50 values of sponge Sigmadocia fibulata and Suberites carnosus were evaluated as O= Survival and X= Death. For both the samples we found that the LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. In histopathological examinations of liver the crude extract Sigmadocia fibulata showed congested vasculature and focal minimal degenerative changes in hepatic parenchyma with cellular swelling and vacuolar changes of hepatocytes were noted, where as in normal control and rats treated with crude extract of Suberites carnosus, no metabolic or pathological lesions in liver tissue sections were observed. In kidney tissue rats treated with crude extract of Suberites carnosus showed focal congestion of vessels in renal parenchyma. The focal areas showed cellular swelling in renal tubules with presence of granular cytoplasmic changes in the epithelium of tubules showing absence of inflammatory changes in the section; where as in normal control and rats treated with Sigmadocia fibulata no metabolic or pathological lesions in kidney tissue sections were observed. In the histological examinations of heart, lung, and brain tissues no observable changes were noted in normal control and experimental rats, treated with crude extract of Sigmadocia fibulata and Suberites carnosus.

Pre-eclampsia is an important clinical syndrome with an elevated blood pressure and marked proteinuria and may be associated with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Recently, oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. The current research consisted of 77 women with pre-eclampsia and 45 normotensive subjects attending Rasheed Shekoni specialist hospital and General hospital Dutse. Serum antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and some hematological indices were analyzed in both groups. Results revealed a statistical decrease (p<0.005) of vitamin A, C, E and platelet in pre-eclamptic compared to normotensive women. Antioxidant and platelet concentrate supplementation may supress the development of pre-eclampsia.

The nature has provided an entire warehouse of remedies to cure ailments of mankind. About 80 per cent of the world's population depends partially or wholly on traditional medicine for its primary health care needs. Herbal medicines as the key remedy in traditional medical system have been used in medical practice for past era and have made a great involvement to maintain human health. Thus Pharmacognostical study appears to be of enormous value in identification of commercial samples of the market to find their authenticity and establishing identity of adulterant or substituent. In addition lack of standardization, dishonest commercial practice of adulterating and substituting the genuine herbal drugs are posing great obstacle in popularizing the time-tested herbal-based traditional medicines. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. The plant was subjected to determination of various physicochemical parameters including ash values (total ash, water soluble ash) and extractive values (alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive). The powdered crude drug was extracted successively with various solvents with increasing polarity and further the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the identification of various phytoconstituents. The study of heavy metal analysis, total bacterial count & test for Aflatoxins studies was also carried out as WHO guidelines. More over the fingerprint profile of Desmostachya bipinnata was established using thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods. The results of the TLC profiling of the extract confirm about the presence of various phytochemicals.