Acetophenone (1-phenylethan-1-one) reacted with benzaldehyde in the presence of acetic acid, potassium hydroxide, and ethanol on an ice bath for 24 hours via the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction giving rise to chalcone (2E-1, 3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-one). On condensation of acetophenone with chlorinated benzaldehyde gives the halogenated derivatives of chalcone. The products were reduced with hydrogen peroxide and nickel reagent to form the epoxide derivatives of the halogenated chalcones (4-chlorochalcone and 4-chlorochalcone epoxide). Structure elucidation of the synthesized compounds was done using elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, FTIR, TLC, and UV/VIS. Synthesized compounds were obtained in high purity and percentage yield. The microbial activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against some test organisms, Candida albican, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbial results showed the synthesized compounds were void of antibacterial activity but showed marked activities against Candida albican. Hence are promising molecules in the combat of fungal infections globally.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with symptoms that affect many aspects of daily life. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of exercise guidelines brochure on daily living activities and disease symptoms for patients′ with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Research Design: Pre-posttest research design. Sample: Sixty adult patients from both sex their age range between (40-65) years. Setting: The study was conducted in neurology department and its outpatient clinic at Sohag University Hospital. Tools: Two tools were used: first tool interview questionnaire sheet, second tool Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: The present study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between pre and post application of exercises guidelines regarding activities of daily living, and disease symptoms. Conclusion: Exercises guidelines were effective in improving daily living activities and disease symptoms for patients with Parkinson’s disease. Recommendation: Exercise program for Parkinson’s disease patients should be available in the neurology department and outpatient clinic at Sohag University Hospital.

Heavy metals toxicity in fruits is a great concern and there is a need for proper understanding of related mechanism like oxidation state and concentration. Few metals can be removed by elimination activities but others interfere in metabolic processes. These heavy metals can also involve in redox reactions, transferring electrons, basic nucleic acid metabolisms, and also being a vital part of several enzyme. Literature sources point out the releasing of such metals in environment by both anthropogenic and natural means. Ingestion of such metals lead to form stable bio toxic compounds by hindering bio reactions of functions as well as mutilating their structures. It may lead to various disorders and induce free radical formation. This review give detail about toxicity and impact on health. Eco toxicity test in addition to chemical concentration monitoring is very useful tool for examining remediation efficiency of such metals in soil.

Jonson’s The Alchemist is his magnum opus that aims an alchemical magnum opus of characters to expose the gullibility & follies of humankind. T.S Eliot commends by saying “The plot does not hold together, what holds the play together is its unity” alluding to Ben’s classical standards. The magisterium of Ben Jonson is The Alchemist. Being a filius artis, Ben exhibited his exemplary dramatic skills. Ben Jonson is one of the genuine satirists of English literature who follows the Rabelais and Moliere forms. He is noted for his strident criticism of human nature. This is one such play which follows three classical unities. According to Coleridge, “Upon my world, I think, The Oedipus Tyranus, The Alchemist and Tom Jones are the three most perfect plots ever planned.” (Coleridge) Ben Jonson excelled as arcana of professions, carved The Alchemist as a work of imaginative extravagance and moral logic. With his repertoire, Benjamin Jonson emulates a conman with his vast diction filled with the jargons of conmen and the gulls. Jonson tries to satirize the fallibility of his contemporary England. The city of London was the breeding-house of all vices. As a satirist, he obliged to tend those vices and purgate his corrupted city. The present paper tries to unfurl the metaphor in Ben Jonson’s play The Alchemist i.e. ‘alchemy’. Alchemy is the branch of chemistry which deals with the art of transforming baser metals into gold. It is a medieval fantasy which was to gain the Philosopher’s stone which is a Panacea and a key to immortality. Jonson alludes this art to life. Through this play, he himself becomes an Alchemist at the end.

This study aimed at investigating the contributions of cooperative unions towards improvement of peasants’ welfare in Magu and Kwimba districts Mwanza region from 1920s – 2000s. The study has two specific objectives: to identify the benefits of cooperative unions in Mwanza region in Kwimba and Magu district; to identify the challenges of cooperative unions to peasants; in Kwimba and Magu districts. The data for this study were collected from 51 respondents who included 40 peasants, 6 village cooperative union leaders, 2 cotton ginnery managers 1 Regional administrative officer and 2 Nyanza Cooperative Union leaders. Methodology of this study drew on qualitative approach based on different methods of data collection such as interview, questionnaire, focus group discussion and documentary review. The study revealed that, cooperative unions in Mwanza region benefited greatly the peasants including struggling and finally attainment of independence in Tanganyika in collaboration with elite class, provision of education to peasants and supplying of agricultural inputs to peasants. However cooperative unions in Mwanza region from 1920s to 2000s are facing various challenges which include privatization policy under globalization which has left peasants frustrated without a special organization to chain their problems. Currently, Private companies have dominated the peasant market for their agricultural produce without granting them subside. The study recommended that, the government should grant peasants with subsidies and prepare an enabling environment for peasants to acquire inputs on reasonable credit. Nyanza cooperative union and other cooperative unions in Tanzania should be re- established and introduce farm class for peasants. Further studies should be conducted to reveal the contribution of private companies towards improving peasant’s welfare in today’s world of globalization.

This research is a qualitative research with the aim of analyzing the strategy of improving the quality of lecturers of Islamic Religious Education study programs in Kopertais Region 1 DKI Jakarta with the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) approach. Some of the elements that are the focus of this study include the main obstacles, program objectives, and related institutions. And the results of the study show: First, the main obstacle element. The thing that needs to be prioritized to be improved is the promotion of the functional description of the academic lecturers of Islamic Religious Education and research and community service activities. Second, the element of program objectives. Namely formulating a program of achievement for Islamic Religious Education lecturers who are professional, accomplished and certified. Third, the related institutional elements. From each institution which has authority to improve the quality of lecturers of Islamic Religious Education, they can work together.

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer faced by women around the worldwide. The Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been playing a major role in the stimulation of breast cancer. The present study aims to identify the anticancer activity of crude extract of Bacillus subtilis against breast cancer cell line by in vitro and in silico methods. Methods: The soil samples were collected from different regions in the reserve forests of Western Ghats of Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu, India. Isolation of bacterial strain from the collected soil samples was performed by serial dilution method. Identification of bacterial strain was done by 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The anti-cancer potential of crude extract of bacterial strain was tested against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) by MTT assay. Further, the bioactive compounds found in the crude extract of bacterial strain was identified by GC-MS and the identified compounds was subjected to in silico docking studies against the targeted breast cancer protein Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Result: The bacterial strain isolated from the soil sample by serial dilution method was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rRNA analysis. In vitro anti-breast cancer analysis of crude extract of Bacillus subtilis showed potential activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with the IC50 value of 100μg/ml. The GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Bacillus subtilis showed twenty-six bioactive compounds. The compound Metaraminol showed maximum docking score -7.27 Kcal/mol against the target protein. Conclusion: The crude extract of soil bacterium showed potent anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cell lines. Further, the bioactive compounds showed good binding interactions with the virulence factor of breast cancer. Thus, the compounds of soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis could effectively used as leads for developing drugs against breast cancer.

The use of donor eggs in assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased rapidly since the first birth following the use of this technology to a woman experiencing primary ovarian failure in 1983. In 2011 (the most recent year for which statistics are available), 18,530 ART cycles in the India involved the use of donor eggs. That represents 13.9% of all ART cycles, up from approximately 8% in 1995, the first year such data were collected. In 2011, 7,902 live births resulted from the use of donor eggs. National statistics do not indicate either the number of donors or the number of recipients involved in the process. Equivalent global statistics are difficult to compile due to variable mechanisms for tracking and presenting oocyte donation practices across jurisdictions. While the benefits of oocyte donation in assisting reproduction of women who are unable to produce eggs are clear, many aspects of oocyte procurement and use remain controversial. Indeed, with the introduction of egg donation for research and cryopreservation of eggs, the controversies are increasing. This paper will focus specifically on the controversies surrounding the legality and morality of various forms of payment for egg donation, including direct reimbursement for financial expenses incurred by participating in donation, compensation for time, discomfort, and inconvenience, reward for participating in donation that goes beyond compensation, and purchase of eggs. Apart from a nearly universal perspective that oocytes should not be purchased and sold as commodities, no consensus has been reached on appropriate recompense for egg donors. Major issues in this debate include the relative acceptability of monetary payment versus payment in the form of reduced fees for other reproductive services (often as a result of egg or sperm sharing) and the factors to be considered in determining the just compensation for the time, pain, discomfort, and potential physical risk egg donors face in this process. The effects of legal interventions imposed in various national contexts on the availability of this technology, the influence of egg cryopreservation, and the use of donated eggs for research rather than reproduction are discussed.

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours are uncommon and it occurs mainly in adolescent age group1, and very rarely in post-menopausal period. Clear cell carcinoma ovary occurs in older age groups [1]. They occur either in pure form or maybe associated with other types of germ cell neoplasm. Yolk sac tumours rarely coexists with epithelial carcinoma, and is rare in post- menopausal women. Here we report a case of 60-year-old post-menopausal women with bilateral ovarian malignancy which contained components of clear cell carcinoma and yolk sac tumour. Such a combination of tumours are rare [2].

Objectives: Pre-eclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific disorder. It is an important cause of maternal mortality in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria and is associated with a five-fold increase in perinatal mortality. Identifying modifiable factors to decrease oxidative stress in the pregnant woman’s environment may be an inexpensive and non-invasive therapy for decreasing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality associated with preeclampsia. This study aimed at comparing the levels of 3 oxidative stress markers; glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4 antioxidants (Catalase, Vitamins A, C and E) in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women in Sokoto. Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of 199 normotensive and 201 preeclamptic women attending the antenatal clinics or admitted to the pre-eclamptic/eclamptic wards of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto or Specialist Hospital Sokoto. Structured questionnaires were administered and relevant information obtained. Blood samples were obtained by standard laboratory techniques and assayed for the oxidative stress markers and antioxidants. Statistical analysis was by GraphPad InStat Software (version 3.0) San Diego, USA. Results: The mean levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and GPX were increased in the preeclamptic women (3.44±1.25 and 71.53 ± 26.02) when compared to controls (3.024±1.08 and 62.58 ± 22.45) respectively (p=0.00) while SOD was decreased in the cases (13.00±15.27) when compared to the controls (57.21 ± 38.08) p=0.00. The antioxidant Vitamins A and C were significantly decreased in the preeclamptic women (1.52±1.68 and 0.14±1.33) p=0.00 while Catalase was increased (50.93±36.22; p=0.00). Conclusion: The results of this study are in agreement with most previous studies which showed that markers of lipid peroxidation were increased in the plasma of women with preeclampsia. Follow-up studies, are needed to enable us arrive at the certain conclusion that interventions with antioxidants and vitamins may be the panacea to this disease in our sub-region.

This research paper, we present the first programming environment and modeling language which integrates inheritance within a computer algebra language. This environment and language, called Object Math (Object oriented Mathematical language for scientific computing), is currently being used for industrial applications in advanced mathematical economic analysis, but is generally applicable to other areas. Using Object Math, it is possible to model classes of equation objects, to support inheritance of equations, and to solve systems of equations. The Object Math environment is designed to handle realistic problems. This is achieved by allowing the user to specify transformations and simplifications of formulae in the model, in order to arrive at a representation which is efficiently solvable. Such algebraic transformations can conveniently be supported since Object Math models are translated into the Mathematica computer algebra language. When necessary, equations can be transformed to C++ code for effic.

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is most common hypertension in expectant women after 20 weeks growing the risk of subsequent hypertension, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Reduced renovation of the spiral artery is particularly being well-thought-out as a cause failing. Maternal hypertension effects placental insufficiency, which can disturb the nutrition and the oxygen supply to the fetus. In hypertensive mothers, the potential of placental insufficiency is raised leading to intrauterine growth retardation but peak systolic velocity of middle cerebral artery has no reference value for our population. No matter, Ultrasonography can examine dynamically in real-time. However, the sonographic criteria in practice have no clear-cut numerical value to label IUGR. Objective: To compare peak systolic velocity of fetal middle cerebral artery among normotensive and hypertensive mothers. Setting: The data was collected from the following setups of Pakistan. 1) Mushtaq Medical Imaging Sargodha. 2) PAF Hospital Lahore. Materials and methods: The study was conducted after the approval of ethical committee of the University of Lahore. All patients were enrolled in this study after signing the informed consent form. Toshiba Xario with convex transducer of frequency 3-5 MHz was used. Fetal Middle cerebral artery indices were measured by Pulsed and Power Doppler through trans-abdominal scan. A cross sectional analytical sampling technique was used and data was further analyzed with the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version twenty-four (SPSS 24, International Business Machines, Armonk, NY, the United States of America). Results: Among 137 patients, 60(43.8%) patients were hypertensive with mean PSV of the MCA, 35.63 cm/s and 77 (56.2%) normotensive patients with mean PSV of 36.64 cm/s. Conclusions: Peak systolic velocity of fetal middle cerebral artery in hypertensive mothers is less than that of Normotensive mothers.

In Ayurveda, Amla-pitta and Shula are the diseases caused by improper digestion of food. Though medical science considered the excessive use of NSAID and Helicobacter Pylori are two leading causes. Infection of H. pylori progresses from gastritis to more severe upper gastrointestinal tract disorders. H. pylori colonize the stomachs of more than half of the human population. In the Vrayatrya (Triad of Major Ayurvedic texts) Amla-pitta is not mentioned. However, Acharya Sushruta, Harita, Kashyap has described Shula in their treatise. For this disorder, single and compound herbal drugs were prescribed. Moreover, Acharya Chakradutta started the use of Iron and calcium-containing compound in compound formulations for the first time. Calcium carbonate is a rapidly acting acid neutralizer. However, the role of iron in these disorders is not clear in terms of modern pharmacology. Iron is an excellent carrier of oxygen, so it ceases the suitable conditions for the survival of micro-aerophilic organisms like H. Pylori. Acharya charka termed this principle of treatment as Prakarti vighata in context of Krimi Chikitsa. So Lauha Bhasma and their compound formulation might be efficiently inhibiting Multi-Drug Resistant Helicobacter pylori.

In Ayurveda word, ‘Kushtha’ means a pathological condition which despises the skin. Majority of the dermatological disorders have been described under this umbrella term. ‘Dadru’ is one of the twenty types of Kustha. Its correlation with cutaneous fungus infection by modern Ayurveda scholars. Itching and moist skin is the chief cardinal feature of Dadru. Various Lepa, Churna, Asawa and Vati etc., are mentioned in various Classical Text. Very few medicines are tested for their efficacy and toxicity on animals, and their clinical study is evaluated. While these medicines are very frequently used in day to day clinical practice. To improve the compliance and global acceptance of the Ayurvedic medicine standardization, toxicity study, experimental study and conversion into new dosage forms are required. Conventional Dadrughn Lepa was converted into its cream by adding Polysorbate 80, Cetomacrogol B.P., Carbopol and glycerine. This study aims to investigate the In-vitro antifungal property of the Dadrughn lepa, Dadrughn oil and Dadrughn Cream to evaluate against three common dermatophytic species, viz. Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum adopting Agar cup diffusion technique. The studied drug shows very enthusiastic result to treat the fungal disease of the skin.

An organisation's success depends heavily on its Human Resource. Human Resource Management (HRM) plays an important role in accomplishing the organizational targets. With massive contribution to Indian economic system, the retail industry has performed an incredible role in India. With the arrival of large retail businesses, the retailing industry experienced enormous changes. Organized retailing is undergoing a metamorphosis in India and is expected to increase to meet global standards. The need for successful HRM activities has increased rapidly in this world of cut throat competition. HRM operations have now become their primary concern. The paper before us is an effort to examine the HRM activities adopted in India's structured retail sector. The report also sheds light on the difficulties faced by the industry by Human Resource (HR), and recommended steps to improve the Indian scene working culture.