Ritonavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used against HIV infections as a fixed–dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir). In the current research, the stimulated ATR–FTIR biospectroscopy of liquid sample of Ritonavir was investigated. The stimulated ATR–FTIR diffractions emitted through focusing the second harmonic laser beam Nd:YAG into the sample were recorded by Echelle spectrometer and ICCD detector. Increasing the energy of laser beam from 2.6 (mJ) to 16 (mJ) was led to increase in stimulated ATR–FTIR signal but after breakdown threshold of liquid sample, more increasing of energy was led to decrease in stimulate ATR–FTIR signals and for energies higher than 20 (mJ), they were disappeared. Skeletal formula of ritonavir (original trade name Norvir)—an HIV protease inhibitor and a pharmacokinetic booster. Orientation made to match to show the structural similarity between ritonavir and cobicistat. Created with ChemDoodle 8.0.0.b1 and Adobe Illustrator CC 2015.

Ritonavir is an antiretroviral of the protease inhibitor class. It is used against HIV infections as a fixed–dose combination with another protease inhibitor, ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir). In the current research, the stimulated FT–IR biospectroscopy of liquid sample of Ritonavir was investigated. The stimulated FT–IR diffractions emitted through focusing the second harmonic laser beam Nd:YAG into the sample were recorded by Echelle spectrometer and ICCD detector. Increasing the energy of laser beam from 2.6 (mJ) to 16 (mJ) was led to increase in stimulated FT–IR signal but after breakdown threshold of liquid sample, more increasing of energy was led to decrease in stimulate FT–IR signals and for energies higher than 20 (mJ), they were disappeared. Ball–and–stick model of the ritonavir molecule, C37H48N6O5S2, as found in the crystal structure reported in Pharm. Res. (2001) 18 859–866 (CSD Entry: YIGPIO02). Colour code:   Carbon, C: grey   Hydrogen, H: white Nitrogen, N: blue   Oxygen, O: red   Sulfur, S: yellow Model manipulated and image generated in CCDC Mercury 3.8.

Introduction: The market of food supplements is in full expansion, this evolution is due to several factors in particular, nutritional deficiencies, sedentary, lifestyle and lower energy needs. Hence the interest in studying the consumer profiles of these products. Subjects and methods: This is a prospective study conducted over a period of eight months; subjects are recruited at random during our training, on the internet and during medical caravans whose objective is to assess the knowledge and practices of Moroccans so that the doctor can find concrete answers usable during his medical practice. Results: 570 subjects were included, of which 316 subjects (57.1%) declared having already consumed food supplements. The study revealed the female predominance among consumers, as well as the predominance of the 20-30 year age group. Among the reasons for consumption, filling a deficiency comes first with (42.6%), improved a particular function second with (36.4%) and then treating an illness. For the essential expectations of consumers; fighting fatigue and fighting overweight come first with 34.8% and 14.1% respectively. The consumption of CA is most often done on the advice of a doctor with (46.7%) and the pharmacy remains the main distribution channel with (78.7%). Discussion and Conclusion: The regulatory framework for the marketing in Morocco of food supplements requires only the obtaining of a registration certificate. It is thus, the duty of each health professional to judge the benefit - risk of advising or prescribing a food supplement given the risks to which any consumer may be exposed.

The advancement in the digital world has led to the increase in the demand for the radio spectrum, which eventually has led to the spectrum scarcity and underutilization of it. The under-utilization of allocated spectrum is due to the fixed spectrum allocation to the primary user. This problem can be overcome by an intelligent radio network called Cognitive Radio (CR). The CR helps in detecting the idle spectrum in the radio environment and thus allocating it to the Secondary Users (SU). Cognitive Radio provides reliable service to the secondary user by preventing interference between secondary and primary user. Spectrum Sensing plays the vital role in the Cognitive Radio to sense the idle spectrum and allocate the vacant spectrum for SU. The major and prominent spectrum sensing methods include Energy Based Detection (EBD), Matched Filter Detection (MFD), Cyclostationary Feature Detection (CFD), Covariance Based Detection (CBD) and Wavelet Based Detection (WBD). This paper discusses Cyclostationary based detection method exploit the periodic statistics and spectral correlation of the received signal to detect the presence of the primary signal in the channel. In wavelet based spectrum sensing wavelet transform technique is applied on the received signal to determine the edges in the spectrum of the signal.

The study was conducted to assess the production and economics of mono sex male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in nine seasonal small ponds at Patuakhali Science and Technology University research farm for a period of three months during March to May 2019.The experiment was designed in three treatments (T) each with three replications. The ponds were drained, limed and fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers during preparation. The stocking density was 37050 fish/ha in all three treatments. After stocking the fish ponds were fertilized weekly with cowdung, urea and TSP. Supplementary feed was not given in T1, but rice bran and mustard oilcake were given in T2 and commercial pellet feed in T3. Some water quality parameters were monitored at regular intervals and they were found within acceptable range for pond aquaculture. The survival rates were high (> 96%) in all treatments. Significantly highest production (5494.10 kg/ha in three months) was found in T3 followed by T2 (2392.23 kg/ha/3months) and T1 (1048.93 kg/ha/3 months). Similarly, significantly highest net return (Tk. 206274.64/ha with benefit cost ratio of 2.01) was found in T3 followed by T2 (Tk.33100.47/ha with benefit cost ratio of 1.24) and T1 (Tk. 8254.74/ha with benefit cost ratio of 1.11).

The Wyburn-Mason or Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome is a sporadic illness which is a type of phakomatosis, usually present as unilateral arteriovenous malformations (AVM), for the first defined by Magnus in 1874 as retinal AVM later in 1932 another description gave by Yates and Payne; as an AVMs of the retina and cerebral vasculature, while in 1937 Bonnet, Dechaume and Blanc defined as AVM involving facial, retinal and brain blood vessels, then in 1943 all literature revised by Wyburn-Mason to put together to his case reports, therefore, the name of Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome given in France, but in English articles entitled as Wyburn-Mason syndrome [1]. At that time, due to a deficiency in diagnostic imaging techniques, all the diagnosis were performed by clinical findings, operation, or autopsy [2]. Usually, it is a unilateral disorder comprising of three distinct components: orbit, brain (ipsilateral to the retina) and face, in the face; the sensory region of the trigeminal nerve distribution involved, that takes the shape of naevi which might be wholly formed and illness, is complete, or the naevi might be faint or absent, the latter regarded as an incomplete disease [1, 3] but rarely a bilateral involvement encountered with an asymmetrical grade of malformation [4]. The pathology starts in the early embryonic period, and if vascular dysgenesis encountered can lead to a wide range of neurocutaneous vascular defects in the cerebrum or ocular or both [2]. When the disorder reaches the last stage, the AVM can compress the optic nerve causing impaired perfusion, ischemia eventually optic atrophy [2]. Another explanation for visual loss is glaucoma as a result of elevated vascular pressure, neovascularization resulting from ischemia, which might lead to vitreous hemorrhage [5]. Archer et al., staged the disease into three groups [6-8]: Group 1 (AVM cannot be detected clinically). Group 2 (Clinically seen as edema and hemorrhage due to direct AVM, i.e., no capillary network between them). Group 3 (Clinically, it is impossible to distinguish arteries from veins due to severely dilated blood vessels all over retina). We present a 41-year-old male presented with a gradual decrease in his visual acuity in both eyes.

This study aims to determine the implementation of local government policies in the procurement of goods and services based on e-government that has occurred in 2018 and determine the inhibiting factors and factors driving the implementation of government policies in the procurement of goods and services based on e-government in Buol District. This study uses the Van Meter and Van Horn Theory explains that in the implementation of procurement policies based on e-government is influenced by each interrelated variables, these variables are: 1) Target Standards, 2) Resources, 3) Relationships between Organizations, and 4) Characteristics of the Implementing Agency. The results of the research on the implementation of local government policies in the procurement of goods and services based on e-government in Buol District, of the six variables used as a basis for research, some of them still found an unsynchronization between e-government concepts and what happened in the field. As is still found in the tender process that is not transparent and the determination of tender winners still uses a kinship approach.

The companies that experienced financial distress may have high possibilities of financial bankruptcy. Thus, understanding underlying factors that lead to financial distress is critical to both shareholders and investors. This paper built a conceptual framework and uses this to analyze the financial distress of one of the most famous public company in Chinese entertainment industry: Huayi Brothers. This paper found that internal factors like aggressive investment, high financial leverage, inappropriate business strategy and external factors as change of accounting standard and tightening monetary policy may lead to the financial distress of the case company.

Due to the ‘spike and tail’ phenomenon of asset returns, the applicability of the Black-Scholes model for pricing convertible bonds has been questioned, and the variance gamma model can cope well with this phenomenon and solve the ‘volatility smile dilemma’. This paper combines the variance gamma model with the least squares Monte Carlo simulation method to empirically analyze the Everbright convertible bonds based on its high activity in the Chinese market. In this paper, the theoretical price and the actual price are compared, and the applicability of the variance gamma model in the Chinese convertible bond market is analyzed. The empirical results show that the fitting price obtained by the variance gamma model is consistent with the actual price trend, indicating that the method is applicable to the Chinese convertible bond market.

A 9-year-old male attended our clinic with the blurred vision in his right eye, for one day duration. No past history of systemic or ocular illnesses except for recurrent tonsillitis. On ocular examination; his left eye (OS) visual acuity (VA) was 6/6, and the right eye (OD) VA was 6/9.5 which corrected to 6/9 with +0.75 diopter sphere. Fundus examination revealed normal optic nerve and a serous detachment in the posterior pole, nearly about the disc size. The optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) showed neurosensory retinal detachment with subretinal fluid. The family was not able to perform the fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) due to the financial crisis in the region. Given this background, the diagnosis of idiopathic central chorioretinopathy had given. The clinical course was monitored without any treatments and spontaneous remission achieved within six months Figure 1, 2 and 3.

Plants species are most commonly used for metal phytoremediation in hydroponic as well as field experiments. The study remains unclear about methods measuring the growth parameters in Salix species. The aims of this review included the advanced methods that are used recently for measuring the growth parameters in Salix species. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy is used to find out the concentration of plant phosphorus and cadmium. Nitrogen concentration detected by using the laboratory analyzer such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Coomassie brilliant blue staining method is used commonly to determine the concentration of soluble proteins in plant samples. Biological activity of enzyme superoxide dismutase is measured by spectrophotometer at absorbance 560 nm. Lipid peroxidation in plant tissues determined by measuring the malondialdehyde formation using the thiobarbituric acid method. This method is based on spectrophotometric principle and red-violet complex is formed by the formation of malondialdehyde. Root activity in plant tissues determined by using the triphenyltetrazolium chloride test. The absorbance is then measured by spectrophotometer at absorbance 485 nm.

The effect of air-dry and sun-dry methanol extracts of Azanza garckeana pulp on serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes concentrations of Wister rats were evaluated. A total of thirty-five (35) rats were grouped into seven (7) of five rats each. Group A-C were given 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw air-dried methanol extract of A. garckeana pulp respectively, groups D-F were given 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw sun-dried methanol extract of A. garckeana pulp respectively while group G serve as the normal control. All treatments were administered orally twice a day (morning and evening) for a period of 2 weeks. Both extracts of A. garckeana pulp caused a dose dependent significant (p<0.05) increase in serum sodium, potassium and, decreases urea and uric acid levels when compared with the control rats. However, the extracts did not cause any significant (p>0.05) alterations to the levels of chloride and bicarbonate concentration when compared with the control group. The creatinine levels in rats treated with air-dry extract decreases (p<0.05) while those treated with the sun-dry extract compared well (p>0.05) with the control group. In conclusion, the extracts alter some functional integrity of kidney with more pronounced effect at higher dose, thus caution should be exercise when using A. garckeana for oral remedy.

Candida is yeast like fungus and ubiquitous human commensal. They become pathogens and cause infections when the host's resistance to infection is lowered either locally or systemically [1]. The present study was conducted to evaluate the advantages of CHROM agar from various clinical samples for Isolation of Candida. In this study Candida albicans was isolated in 48.4% species. 248 samples were collected, where Urine sample was the most common sample (68.1%) followed by Pus (13.3%) and blood (14.3%). The percentage of other samples was less than 4.3%. Candida culture was positive in 25% of the samples. The most common organism isolated among bacteria was E.coli (10.2%). Growth on Saboraud dextrose agar culture was positive in 25% of the samples. Gram staining was positive in 25% of the samples. Germ tube test was positive in 51.6% of the samples. Candia albicans was the most common species isolated (51.6%) followed by C.tropicalis (38.7%), C.kruseik (8.1%) and C.glabrata (1.6%). Non-Candia albicans was isolated in 48.4% species.

California bearing ratio (CBR) is an important property used to express the quality and strength of the unbound granular materials. Moreover, it is one of the material inputs for the empirical pavement design procedure. CBR is also conducted on the unbound materials for the quality control/quality assurance during construction. Because of its importance, this paper presents a mathematical approach to the problem of estimating the strength of local sand-aggregate material usually obtained from riverbed and banks and used as subbase layer for road construction. Based on simple and easy to determine physical parameters such as particles size distribution, modified proctor dry density (MDD), and moisture content, such estimation could be determined. The study can help in understanding the nature and the properties of sand-aggregate mixture and provide a reasonable and simple statistical method for assessing the strength from simple physical tests, and assist in considerable reduction of the bulk testing of samples on a project, thus affect economy, choice of material and quality control. The model obtained is capable to explain 73% of the variation in log CBR predicted from gradation and density parameters.

This article examines the 2012 television documentary A Bite of China that not only became an instant hit domestically but also gained an international audience, which made it inside mainland Chinese academia an oft-cited success example of China’s global media expansion effort. Analysis reveals the extent to which the show obscures or even erases some most essential elements that make up the People’s Republic of China, especially in the mapping up of the country that excludes those provinces the most closely related to the revolutionary era leading up to the establishment of the PRC. Instead, the documentary offers a “cultural China” in which the non-PRC parts of “Greater China” take precedence. The show reflects the ideology of modernization in the neoliberal vein that propelled the very enterprise of Reform and Opening-up whose premise was the negation of radical communist and socialist revolution, which culminated in the second half of the Hu Jintao administration. The past of revolution dies hard, however, and resurfaces in the show in a discreet way, presaging its comeback in a near future.