Clay is an earth resource which is taken as a raw material for a vast range of industrial applications because of peerless properties of such clay. Analysis of the particle size distributions of anthill clay, brick clay and roof tile clay with the important parameters were the aims and objectives of the existing research. In the dry sieve analysis, ASTM D422 standard methodology was followed while performing a microscopic analysis of each type of clay using an optical microscope. Based on the requirements of the testing of water absorption and splitting tensile loads, bricks were manufactured from each clay type. As the major outcomes of the existing investigation, there were obtained well graded particle arrangement from roof tile clay, gap graded arrangement from anthill clay and uniformly graded arrangement from anthill clay, lowest PH value from anthill clay, maximum splitting tensile load from roof tile clay brick, maximum water absorption from anthill clay brick, maximum natural moisture content from roof tile clay and relatively higher finer weight percentage of particles from roof tile clay under both microscopic analysis and sieve analysis.

Background: The cardiac and respiratory arrest has high mortality rate which can be easily prevented with simple maneuver and skills and CPR which is an effective procedures if adopted under BLS within early critical minutes of cardiac and respiratory arrest. The aim of this study is to determine the level of awareness of basic life support (BLS) among doctors. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted on doctors working in Liaquat University hospital Hyderabad and Jamshoro. A multi-section questionnaire regarding awareness of Basic Life Support. In total 348 doctors were selected through convenient non-probability sampling technique. Analysis was done in SPSS version 22.0 & Chi-square test was applied to seek association between variable of interest. Results: The relationship of awareness about BLS to age & gender of respondents cumulatively showed significant association (p=0.01). Regarding years of job experience, 60.91% had experience 2-6 years; another 11.8% participants had experience of more than 14 years. Regarding previous experience of BLS, 69% of respondents replied that they had previous experience of BLS. Around 94.0 respondents were of the opinion that CPR procedure should bemandatory to all health care providers. There were 71.8% respondents who had complete knowledge about all components of chest compression during CPR. Conclusions: Despite the high level of awareness about BLS among doctors & enabling environment of hospitals, there is a gap in practicing it. This gap needs to be filled through continuous persuasion of health care providers.

Cognitive radio network is a key to effectively utilize the underutilized radio spectrum. It works on the basis of Software Defined Radio. Spectrum sensing is the most important part of the cognitive radio system and it is used to detect the presence of signal in the air. There are many techniques to sense spectrum like Matched filter based detection, Energy detection, Cyclostationary detection and Wavelet based detection. In the proposed work, Energy detection is chosen in which spectrum sensing is done by considering static and dynamic threshold level. To evaluate the performance of the detection techniques, MATLAB software has been used for simulation. Simulations were carried out and graphs of probability of detection vs. the probability of false alarm were observed and analysed. The detection probability increases with respect to the increase in false alarm. Also significant reductions in probability of missed detection have been achieved with this sensing technique. The detection probability also varies with the SNR value. SNR has a great influence on the probability of detection. With an increase in SNR value, the probability of detection increases.

In 2020, the worldwide corona virus outbreak has officially been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the WHO, a pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease. A pandemic is when an epidemic spreads between countries. Numerous viral infections have arisen and affected global healthcare facilities. HIV/AIDS, bubonic plague, smallpox, cholera, flu and influenza caused by virus are some of the most brutal killers in human history. Corona viruses cause common cold and infections which are generally self-resolving. Any outbreaks of these diseases across international borders are properly defined as pandemic, especially smallpox which throughout history has killed between 300-500 million people in its 12,000 year existence. Millions of individuals are at serious chance of obtaining a few advancing viral contaminations.

Despite the challenge, some complex surgical interventions will require a general anaesthesia which must be of rapid onset and recovery qualities to minimize the risks. Propofol, a phenolic compound meets the requirement of general anaesthetic agent in ruminants with its rapid onset and recovery properties and minimal effect on the vital and haematological parameters. Propofol has been used without adverse effects on cardiopulmonary and haematological parameters in pregnant goats. Like in other breeds of goat studied, we therefore hypothesized that propofol has no adverse effects or cardiopulmonary system and haematologic parameters and is safe for pregnant Red Sokoto goats. Five (5) healthy pregnant Red Sokoto does (19±0.6kg) were acquired for the purpose of this study and stage of pregnancy was ascertained with the aid B-mode real time transcutaneous ultrasonography. After 14 days of acclimatization, propofol anaesthesia was induced at 4 mg kg-1 and maintained at 0.4 mgkg-1min-1 continuous infusion rate for 60 minutes. Vital parameters were taken using the standard procedures and blood samples were collected through a pre-placed intravenous catheter at pre-induction period (0 minute) to serve as the baseline and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120 minutes during anaesthesia. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P>0.05) for all the parameters measure except the respiratory rate, MCV and MCH that increased significantly (P<0.05) at the 120 minute period of observation. We therefore concluded that propofol is safe for anaesthesia in pregnant RSG with minimal to no effect on vital and haematological parameters.

Introduction: Human orbit is a complex anatomical region, comprising visual apparatus along with its neurovascular structures. Morphometric analysis of orbit is of significant value for anthropologists, anatomists, forensic experts and surgeons. The objective of this study was to provide gender-related data on various orbital parameters in the North Indian population, and to compare the results with previous authors. Materials and Methods: The orbital dimensions of 86 dry adult skulls (45 males and 41 females) were used for direct measurement with vernier caliper. The calculation was carried out on both the right and the left sides. All the data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean orbital height for males and females was 32.53 ±2.00 mm and 32.43 ±1.57 mm while the mean orbital width was 39.98 ±1.81 mm and 39.37 ±1.65 mm, respectively. The mean volume of the bony orbit was 26.09 ±2.15 ml in males, and 24.04 ±2.30 ml in females. Orbital index was calculated by using the formula Ht /Br x 100. The mean orbital index was 81.51 ±6.11 mm and 82.54 ±5.38 mm in males and females respectively, which classified both genders in the microseme category of orbit. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the right and left side of the orbital parameters. Conclusion: Comparison of findings with earlier research reveals that the anatomical character of the orbital cavity differs greatly, not only because of the diversity of the parameters used, but also because of ethnic variations, different methods of measurement and sample size. Data collected in the present investigation could serve as a baseline orbital morphometric data for the North Indian population, which is very useful during plastic surgery, maxillofacial and neurosurgery, as well as in forensic science.

Background: In the past couple of decades, considerable importance has been given on the role of myofibroblasts (MFs) in tumour progression and prognosis. Myofibroblasts create a physical barrier between carcinoma cells and immune system of the: body against cancer. Hence; the present study was undertaken for assessing the expression of myofibroblast in oral squamous cell carcinoma cases and comparing it with healthy controls. Materials & Methods: A total of 20 biopsy specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Complete demographic details and clinical data of all the specimens were obtained from data records. Two sections were obtained from each specimen: one for staining immune-histo-chemically using α- SMA antibody (alpha-smooth muscle actin antibody) and other for staining with haematoxylin and eosin. Criteria described by Etemad-Moghadam S et al were used for evaluating the expression of myofibroblast. Based on these criteria, staining index was graded as zero, moderate and high. Blood capillaries were taken as positive controls. Comparison was done in between the OSCC group and the control group. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software. Results: In the OSCC group, 90 percent of the cases had high staining index of myofibroblast, while the remaining 10 percent of the cases had moderate staining index. In the control group, all the specimens showed negative staining index. While comparing statistically, it was observed that mean staining was significantly higher among OSCC group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Myofibroblast play a definitive role in the invasive behaviour of OSCC. Hence, it is suggested that myofibroblasts might be used as a stromal marker for observing the severity and progression of OSCC.

At present, with people's deepening understanding of the relevant functions and nature of discourse, discourse power is also attached importance by the country and all walks of life, and discourse right has increasingly become a topic of great concern to scholars. This paper adopts content analysis method to study journal articles with discourse power as the key words published in CSSCI journals from 2008 to 2019. From the research hot topics, research purposes, research methods, subject distribution, fund projects and other aspects of quantitative and qualitative statistical analysis, combing the research status of the discourse power in the past eleven years, and put forward a rich discourse theory foundation for the remaining shortcomings. We will make some suggestions on building a new era of discourse power structure system and strengthening the construction of an innovative talent training system for discourse rights. We hope to provide reference for the application practice and development of dialogue and speech rights research.

The PREN value of the alloy may lead to a misleading prediction of pitting corrosion resistance because in the event of an imbalance of  ferrite and austenite volume fraction, the chemical composition of the phases may be very different from that of the alloy. In this case, the PREN of one of the phases may be below the PREN of the alloy. Three laminated duplex stainless steels with different PRENs were characterized: UNS S32304 (Lean Duplex), UNS S31803 (Duplex) and UNS S32750 (Super Duplex). Several complementary techniques of microstructural analysis were used, such as optical emission spectrometry, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with coupled EDS. Quantitative metallographic analyzes were carried out to determine the volume fraction of  ferrite and austenite, and semi-quantitative chemical analyzes of the present phases, using a coupled EDS-SEM. For all the alloys studied, it was observed that the  ferrite presents higher Cr and Mo contents than the austenite phase, which had N contents higher than the  ferrite. The PREN of  ferrite is higher than that observed for austenite for both UNS S32304 (Lean Duplex) and UNS S31803 (Duplex). In UNS S32750 (Super Duplex), the PREN of the austenite is higher than that observed for  ferrite due to the higher content of N of this alloy.

Introduction: Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisor is a most common anomaly that needs to be treated orthodontically in patients who does not prefer prosthesis. This case report will explain a novel approach to treat the agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor using skeletal anchorage system. Method: 20 years old female patients reported with a chief complaint of spacing and forwardly placed upper front teeth. On diagnosis, Angle`s class I dentoalveolar malocclusion on a class I skeletal base was evident with congenitally missing 12. Patient preferred for space closure of 12 regions. Bollard plate was surgically placed on left maxillary tuberosity. 2 TADs were inserted between 14, 15 & 22, 23. Initial alignment of teeth, levelling of bracket slots and space closure in 12 regions were achieved. Brass hooks were soldered on 0.021" X 0.025" SS arch wire at 2 spots - between 11, 21; 22, 23. E chain was given from bollard plates to hook between 22, 23. Also force was given from TAD placed on left quadrant to the hook soldered between 11, 21 and another between TAD of the right quadrant to the 2nd molar to achieve complete skewing of the arch and mesialisation of molar on right side to achieve class II molar relation. Result: Angle`s class II subdivision dentoalveolar malocclusion on a class I skeletal base was achieved with complete skewing of the dental arch to the left side using skeletal anchorage system.

Antioxidants have been found to terminate the attack of reactive oxygen species which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many diseases. This study is reporting the antioxidant activity and the preliminary phytochemistry of the ethanol extract from the stem of Anchomanes difformis. The ethanol extract (ADES) was obtained by cold maceration and partitioned into: n-hexane (ADHS), dichloromethane (ADDS) and aqueous (ADAS) fractions. Free radical scavenging activity was done using the standard diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH) spectrophotometric method with ascorbic acid as the standard for comparison. Phytochemical screening was done using standard phytochemical screening reagents. Chromatography (Column and thin layer) techniques was used for the separation of antioxidant compounds from the bioactive fractions with antioxidant activity identified after spraying the developed thin layer chromatography plates with DPPH. Infra-red (IR) spectroscopy was used for functional group characterization of the isolated antioxidant compounds. The significant {p<0.05) trend in free radical scavenging activity (IC50 mg/ml) was: ADHS (>10.0) ˂ ADES (> 10.0) ˂ ADAS (4.0) ˂ ADDS (1.8) ˂ ascorbic acid (<0.3125). Saponins, sugar derivatives and triterpenoids were present as class of phytochemicals with alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides and phenolics absent. From IR spectroscopy analysis, antioxidant component coded ADD1 isolated from the ADDS fraction was partially characterized to be an aromatic (but not phenolic) compound having either a hydroxylated aliphatic or glycosylated side chain while the antioxidant component ADA1 isolated from the ADAS fraction was partially characterized to be a glycoside derivative with a saturated ketone aglycone moiety. The ADES was relatively safe (LD50>5000 mg/kgbw). This result is suggestive that the ADDS and ADAS fractions are containing constituents that could act as good free radical scavengers and probably have the ability to inhibit the progression of tissue damage due to oxidative stress.

This study analyzes the impact of trade openness, economic growth, energy consumption and urban population on carbon dioxide emission by using annual data of 50 Belt and Road countries for the period 1992 to 2014. Further the study also analyzes three regions groups of the Belt and Road. The study applied Pooled OLS, Fixed effect, Random effect and GLS models to the realization of this investigation. The fixed-effect model elicited that trade openness mitigated carbon dioxide emission While economic growth, energy consumption, and urban population has proved to be harmful for the environment in overall sample, GLS also supported the same finding. The empirical results suggest that policymakers should consider to ensure and facilitate more trade openness, reduce the usage of carbon fossil fuel, regulate environmental policy, e.g., Carbon tax or pollution permits on pollution-intensive goods to reduce emission and increase dependency on renewable energy. Moreover, encourage economy liberalization with the intention to bring more investments in energy efficiency technologies and access to products with high energy efficiency as well as create the general public awareness of eco-friendly investments and green energy in BRI economies that reduces carbon dioxide emissions.

In recent years, the research on the combination of linguistics and translatology is becoming more and more abundant. This study not only introduces the study of the two subjects, but also explores the problems of gaps in translation process of ancient Chinese poetry. Through the approach of contrastive research, this study analyses the contrast of lexeme and semantic gaps reflected by nouns in ten English versions of Li Bai’s poem: Seeing Meng Haoran off at Yellow Crane Tower. Results show that the social and cultural factors behind the naming of nouns are closely related to the emergence of these gaps. Translators should find out exact causes behind those gaps and choose appropriate translation strategies according to the different types of the gaps.

Primary nasopharyngeal tuberculosis is rare, we present an observation revealed by a pseudo-tumor aspect posing the problem of differential diagnosis with malignant lesions of the cavum.

Background: Metformin when used in combination with other drugs such as Tenegliptin, voglibose and glimepiride is effective and well tolerated in diabetes management. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of combination of metformin with Tenegliptin, voglibose and glimepiride in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: In this prospective, randomized clinical trial study 150 patients were included. The patients were divided into three groups, each group comprising of 50 patients. In all the patients fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level were assessed before starting the treatment and after completion of the treatment. Group I consisted of patients who were prescribed metformin 500 mg with Tenegliptin 20 mg, in Group II, consisted of patients who were prescribed metformin 500 mg with voglibose 0.2 mg, and Group III, consisted of patients who were prescribed metformin 500 mg with glimepiride 1 mg. The outcome of the therapy was based on the level of improvement in the blood parameters. Results: There was a significant reduction of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose levels at the start and after 12 weeks of treatment in all the groups. Intergroup comparison between both the groups revealed no significant difference in terms of glycaemic control. Conclusion: From above results it was concluded that all three groups have equal efficacy in controlling the fasting plasma glucose, 2 hours postprandial plasma glucose and HbA1c level.