Objective: To assess periodontal status of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to compare periodontal health of patients with and without orthodontic treatment. Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was done on 100 patients (50 orthodontic and 50 non-orthodontic). CPITN (Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need) was used to assess the periodontal health of indexed teeth. SPSS version 17 and Chi Square test were used to analyze and compare the data. Result: There was a statistically significant association in CPITN score between orthodontic and non-orthodontic patients (p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have increased plaque accumulation and probing depth that may be associated with periodontal destruction. Patient motivation to maintain oral hygiene and regular scaling will minimize hazardous effects in orthodontic patients.

This paper distinguishes top managers’ earning management behavior when they are under different financing status, especially focuses on how managers’ characteristics will affect companies’ earnings management when they have financing demands and pressures. This paper collects data of managers’ characteristics from China A-share listed companies and studies it’s different influence on earnings management by comparing companies who are newly listed or issue new shares to companies who don’t. The results show that financing companies engage more on earning management behavior in general. Gender of top managers has no significant effect on companies’ earning management; however, male proportion of top management team will increase earnings management behavior when companies have a demand on financing. Furthermore, the average educational level of top management team has a positive influence on companies earning management and this effect is stronger for companies who have a financing situation. Finally, a younger management team will conduct more earning management behavior in general, but older age managers will positively affect on this behavior when companies have a financing demand.

Background: Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in Egypt. Pregnant women adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Aim: Aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, practice and attitudes of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection among pregnant women. Subjects& methods: Research design: Across sectional design was used. Setting: The study was carried out in two Maternal and Child Health Centers (Alnahal Medical Centre and Sheba MCH) that are affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Population in Zagazig City, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, between the period from January 2020 to April 2020. Subjects: All eligible pregnant women who attended for antenatal care during the study period by using simple random sampling. Tools of data collection: A structured interviewing questionnaire that consists of five parts, part one, socio-demographic and obstetric data, part two sources of information on preventive measure against COVID-19 infection, part three, knowledge towards COVID-19 infection and its prevention measures, part four practice of preventive measures of COVID-19 infection and part five attitudes towards COVID-19 infection. Results: The findings of this research showed that more than half of women (57.6%) had satisfactory level of total knowledge about the preventive measure of COVID-19 infection. However, the majority of women (87.6%) had unsatisfactory level of total practice of preventive measures of COVID-19. Educational level and multiparty were factors significantly associated with poor practice of the preventive measures against coronavirus -19 infection among pregnant women. Conclusion: The study showed that most of the participants had adequate knowledge of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection but the practice of these preventive measures were poor among the participants. Recommendations: Provide continuous health educational program on practice of using preventive measures against COVID-19 infection especially among pregnant women.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing globally. However, there is paucity of information on its association with obesity amongst young adults in Nigeria. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and the different BMI-metabolic risk sub-phenotypes in a young adult Nigerian population. A total of 200 young adult Nigerians (92 males; 108 females) took part in the study. Blood pressure and anthropometric readings were taken following standard protocols and body mass index was determined. Fasting blood sample was collected and biochemical assays were done using standard protocols. Obesity and metabolic syndrome were defined by the World Health Organization and modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, respectively. BMI-metabolic-risk sub-phenotypes were defined by the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome within the 3 BMI groups. Obesity was found in 10.88% (5.40% males; 15.80% females) of the study population. Metabolic syndrome was found in 23.80% (27.58% males; 20.58% females) of the population while hyperglycemia (41.26%) and hypertension (36.50%) were the most common metabolic abnormalities. Amongst the overweight and obese population, 80.00% and 60.00% respectively had healthy metabolic profiles while 23.68% of the normal weight participants were metabolically unhealthy. The different BMI-metabolic-risk sub-phenotypes occurred at rates of 20.00%–80.00% within the BMI groups. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and BMI-metabolic-risk sub-phenotypes in this young adult Nigerian population is high. These findings underscore the need for an urgent public health action in order to forestall the possibility of a looming public health crisis.

A multidisciplinary approach to medicine is something that is becoming more popular and widespread today. The combination of multiple health care disciplines can be extremely beneficial to progress an individual’s healing at a more rapid pace than relying only on one area for assistance. Amongst the most popular medical disciplines today, ancient ayurvedic medicine is most popular that many patients are seeking to relieve their ailments not only in India but also in other parts of the world. On the other hand, dental implants are the modern treatment modality that is popular for management of edentulism. However, majority of the elderly patients receiving dental implants are systemically associated with bone disorders that affect bone healing which in turn interferes with osseointegration. Here this review focuses on various pharmacological agents (including ayurvedic) for management of osteoporosis. For the review, data was collected from recently published articles (2001-2018) and multidisciplinary treatment options available for osteoporosis are summarized and reviewed.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor of uncertain differentiation, constituting less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas. This low grade malignant tumor with high recurrence and metastatic potential, occurs predominantly in proximal extremities and limb girdles of males with thigh being the most common location. Here we present a case in a 35 years old female, who presented with pain and large swelling of around 8cm in lateral side of left leg since five months. Wide local excision of the tumor was done and on histopathology a diagnosis of Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma was rendered. On Immunohistochemistry the tumor cells showed reactivity for Vimentin, S100 and NSE and was non-reactive for CK. Thus our histopathological diagnosis was reconfirmed by immunohistochemistry. Despite high incidence of local recurrence and metastasis, ESMC has an excellent overall survival rate.

Snakebite is a neglected public health problem in most of the countries in Africa. Its means of treatment is parenteral administration of serum-based antivenins. But due to the limitations of these antivenins, snakebite victims mostly depend on herbal antidotes. Hence, this research was designed to screen the antisnake venom activity of some medicinal plants on mixed venoms of Naja nigricollis, Echis ocellatus and Bitis arietans using Albino rats’ model. Information on the medicinal plants used for the treatment of snakebite envenomation in Zuru Local Government Area was obtained through ethnobotanical survey. Four (4) most cited plants; Parkia biglobosa stem-bark, Calotropis procera root, Sterculia setigera stem-bark and Bauhinia rufescens seed were selected and screened against the venom-induced lethal effect on albino rats. Albino rats of both sexes were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) rats each and used for the antivenom screening of each plant methanol extract. Group 1 received distilled water. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 0.8mg/kg b. wt. of the venom mixture, but 3 and 4 were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg b. wt. of an extract respectively. Group 5 received 400mg/kg b. wt. of an extract only. Finally, group 6 received 0.8mg/kg b. wt. of the venom mixture and treated with standard antivenin. The plants’ extracts exhibited antivenom activities with varying degrees of efficacy. At 400mg/kg b. wt. of extract, the recorded mean animal survival times were 18.52 ± 1.50h, 14.04 ± 4.79h, 18.66 ± 4.32h and 5.96 ± 2.79h for C. procera root, P. biglobosa stem-bark, B. rufescens seed and S. setigera stem-bark extracts respectively. Thus, B. rufescens methanol seed extract was the most potent antivenom agent. These findings suggest that, the selected plants have potent antivenom activity on the selected snake venoms and can serve as lead for the development of safe, readily available and affordable antivenoms that can substitute the use of serum-based antivenins.

The Covid-19 pandemic reveals the combined and potentiating effects of pollution, notably on rare earths and electromagnetic fields, all of which contribute to a deficiency in the immune system. We note that countries with technologies using pollutants such as rare earths, electromagnetic fields are the most affected by this pandemic. This could explain the low number of deaths in the so-called poor countries compared to industrialized countries like England, the USA, France.

The accountants are demanded to have competent competence in making financial statements that are technically and technologically qualified. So in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, the accountant profession is also required to understand big data that stores a lot of information, not only financial data but also non-financial aspects. According to Abdillah (2016) states that Internet Financial Reporting is one of the voluntary disclosures because no regulations are governing what content should be presented by the company's website. Most publicly listed companies have a personal website that provides essential company information. In conclusion, an accountant profession must understand the internet financial reporting system or disclosure of corporate financial reporting through the company's website is one of the methods that must be studied by the accounting profession. This study aims to examine the effect of Return on Equity, Quick Ratio, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Internet Financial Reporting and Company Size as a Moderating Variable. The results of this study indicate that Return on Equity, Quick Ratio to Internet Financial Reporting cannot be moderated by Company Size, whereas Debt to Equity Ratio to Internet Financial Reporting can be reduced by Company Size.

The CERES Wheat (V4.6) Simulation Model was calibrated and validated using experimental field data collected on phenology, yield and yield attributes of ruling cultivars of wheat under FASAL (Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agro meteorology and Land base observation) scheme during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2012-13 to 2015-16 at Faizabad, Modipuram, Kanpur, Allahabad and Varanasi AMFUs (Agrometeorological Field Units) of Uttar Pradesh under irrigated condition with the objective to study the growth and yield of wheat at different sowing dates and irrigation levels and to simulate trends of wheat production. The genetic coefficient derived from the calibration of the CERES-Wheat Model for both varieties PBW-343 and Malviya-234 were reasonably very close to observed yield. Therefore, the model as used for evaluation of sowing date and irrigation level in wheat crop. The model was run for six sowing dates on seven days interval i.e.30 October, 06, 13, 22 & 27 November and 5 December and increasing level of (five) irrigations. Simulation studies depicts that the model performance was good under three (I3) and four (I4) irrigation level , after five (I5) irrigation yields are same as I4 in most of the districts of different agro climatic zone while poor performance was observed under two (I2) and one (I1) irrigation level. Wheat yield was also simulated at different sowing dates, results shows that 22 November is the optimum sowing date for Bundelkhand, Central Plain, Eastern Plain, NE Plain and Vindhyan zone and 13 November for Mid western Plain, SW Plain, Bhabhara & Tarai and Western plain zone while less yield was observed in early and late sowing.

Duplex stainless steels are characterized by their biphasic, ferritic-austenitic microstructure. The ideal volumetric fraction of these phases in duplex stainless steels, is of 50% ferrite and 50% austenite, however, this condition is difficult to be obtained when arc welding these materials. A detailed analysis of the effect of relative plate thickness in the heat flow and, consequently, in the cooling rate during welding of duplex stainless steel is of fundamental importance. The correct adjustment of the welding parameters leads to an optimum cooling rate of the joint, which guarantees a good balance of the volume fractions of ferrite and austenite, and results in acceptable mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In this work, the best welding practices to the duplex stainless steel UNS S32750 (Super Duplex) were studied, guaranteeing welded joints that showed the ideal volumetric fractions of ferrite and austenite and, consequently, the mechanical properties according to the project. Complementary techniques of microstructural analysis were used, such as optical emission spectrometry, optical microscopy and quantitative image analysis.

Scope: Orthognathic surgery with pre-surgical and post-operative discussion is highest degree received procedure for rectifying of inadequate with dento-alveolar malocclusion. Nevertheless, recent advancements in pre-surgical orthodontic pretence and postsurgical orthodontic treatments utilise mini screws have exhibit noteworthy constancy and dominance of the occlusion after orthognathic surgery. Therefore, we have espouse a surgery-first orthognathic overture unaccompanied preoperative surgery, founded on a new presurgical simulation outgrowth employ a orthodontist version. Objectives: Through initiate recently developed protocol—named Anticipated Benefit—and into depict it near an analytic sheath. Methods: The outlining phases are given and formerly exemplified beyond evaluate a tolerant with a Class III malformation. According to that technique, later a little attentive outlining orthodontic instrument is rigid and later corrective jaw surgery is carry out. Conclusions: The surgery-first orthognathic access outwardly pre-operative identic therapy was detect to be predictable and applicative to treat class III dentofacial deformities, and we commend circumstance of the technique as an efficacious option for treating this stipulation.

Engineering structures such as plates, beams, and shells are subjected to different types of loads when used in applications such as bridges, buildings, and other structures. Due to the nature of loading cracks are produced in these elements over a period of time. These cracks will cause the failure of beams due to vibration. Vibration analysis is important to find the natural frequency of the structures. Modal analysis is performed to find the mode shapes and natural frequency of the cantilever beam. In the present investigation, a cantilever beam with crack is modeled and natural frequency for the first three modes is determined by using Ansys Workbench 19.2. The goal of the study is to change the length of the crack along the width of the beam and its effect on the natural frequency of the cantilever beam. During the study, the crack width is kept constant while the depth of crack is varied along with a change in the length of the crack. The crack with depth 45 mm and crack of length 50 mm gives a lower value of natural frequency.

Intellectuals, academicians, and critics alike do not miss the opportunity to tackle Sherlock Holmes’s proficiency as one-of-a-kind consulting detective created in the stories of the Scottish writer, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930). A closer look into Doyle’s literary works points to the path of the author’s visionary outlook, in terms of Holmes’ philosophy and investigation methods, which this paper argues, resonate with the core technology of the modern era. Central to the theme surrounding the Holmesian doctrine, this research takes inspiration from the “ability of the mind” context with reference to the literary detective, Sherlock Holmes. The main objective is to elucidate that Holmes’ philosophy is not an outdated proposition. It is very much in circulation in modern investigation methods and applies to basic technological principles as well. Hence, its appeal is still relevant and connected to our lives today. In order to support the discourse and argument revolving Holmes’ philosophy, this paper adopts an analytical method that relies on contextual reference and textual inferences by comparing it with the contemporary narrative in terms of the emerging technology in today’s digital era. To provide Holmes’ worldwide fans with a deeper reading of his stories, this paper is not meant to present a thematic analysis of Doyle’s literary productions; rather it is a careful examination of Holmes’ mind. With a focus on Sherlock’s “ability of the mind,” the central hypothesis is approached by drawing analogies between his detective methods and the basic principles of computers and core technologies. In so doing, this research proves that Holmesian philosophy is still affecting a basic, yet forms a significant part of our lives in the twenty-first century.

Kilishi is a great spicy beef jerky from Nigeria. Dry kilishi was analysed for its content of chemical components: proximate, vitamins, minerals using standard methods. From the minerals were calculated the mineral ratios and the mineral safety index (MSI). Highest concentrations of proximate contents came from crude protein (64.4 g/100g) and crude fat was 14.2g/100g. Proportion of total energy due to protein was 1,095 kJ/100g (66.0%) or 258 kcal/100g (65.3%) whereas in carbohydrate we had values of 39.1 kJ/100g (2.36%) or 9.20 kcal/100g (2.33%). Utilization of 60% of proportion of total energy due to protein percent ranged between 39.2 – 39.6. Minerals of high concentration in the sample were (mg/100g): K, 985 (44.3%); P, 781 (35.1%); Na, 320 (14.4%); reasonable contents were observed in Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg. Among all the minerals ratios calculated, only the value for Na/Mg (3.91) was very close to reference balance ideal (4.00) and within the acceptable ideal range (2 to 6). The MSI values showed that only Zn was higher than the recommended MSI showing that Zn might be deleterious in kilishi consumption. The two most concentrated vitamins were water soluble vitamins with values of (mg/100g): vitamin C, 6.53 (38.4%); B3, 5.98 (35.2%) and followed by two other fat soluble vitamins: vitamin A, 1.94 (11.4%) and vitamin E, 1.38 (8.10%). These results revealed that kilishi could be regarded as a protein-filled snack that still retains its nutritional value despite being dried.