This study assessed the effect of cabamate and pyrethroid pesticide residues from agricultural activities on fish samples from the Owena river, Ondo State, Nigeria. The aim of the study was to assess the bioaccumulation and the health risk implication of consuming polluted fish from the river. The fish samples were extracted with an ultrasonic bath extractor and the extracts were analysed with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometry detector. The mean level of carbamate pesticide contaminants in dry season for Oreochromis niloticus, Gvmnarchus niloticus, S. galileaus and Claria gariepinus are 0.25±0.02µg/g, 0.24±0.01µg/g, 0.30±0.03µg/g and 0.26±0.02µg/g respectively. Their level in wet season for Oreochromis niloticus, Gvmnarchus niloticus, S. galileous, Clarias anguillaris and Parachanna obscura were 0.11±0.03µg/g, 0.21±0.02µg/g, 0.10±0.04µg/g, 0.14±0.03, 0.13±0.03µg/g and 0.12±0.05 µg/g respectively. The level of pyrethroid contaminants in dry season for Oreochromis niloticus, Gvmnarchus niloticus, S. galileaus and Claria gariepinus are 0.82±0.79µg/g, 0.53±0.04µg/g, 0.39±0.04µg/g and 1.91±1.99µg/g respectively. Their level in wet season for Oreochromis niloticus, Gvmnarchus niloticus, S. galileous, Claria gariepinus. Clarias anguillaris and Parachanna obscura were 0.22±0.05µg/g, 0.18±0.06µg/g, 0.13±0.05µg/g, 0.19±0.10, 0.12±0.02µg/g and 0.22±0.04 µg/g respectively. The concentrations of some of pollutants in the fish samples were higher than the FAO/WHO maximum residue limit of 0.5µg/g. The health risk evaluation indicates that there is no health risk. Nevertheless, strict monitoring of the handling and usage of these chemicals should continue to be enforced strictly by Nigerian government.

Background: Premature ovarian failure (PMOF) associated with increased risk of the general and mental health of the affected women, however, lower fertility or even infertility are the most disturbing symptoms to every woman with PMOF. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of PMOF among infertile women as this may reflect the real magnitude of the problem in the whole population. Methodology: women aged 40 years or less with infertility and menstrual irregularity (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea) and with an elevated FSH level on two occasions more than 4 weeks apart were recruited for this study. The participants were attending Albayda Fertility Centre a public centre in Libya, between August 2013 and January 2020. The results: the recorded prevalence of PMOF among infertile subjects in this study was 2.8%. 34% of the affected women were aged 35 years and below. Only 2 (3.45%) of them got spontaneous pregnant, but none ended in live-birth. The median age at presentation was 36 years. The median infertility duration was 4.5 years and the median duration of menstrual irregularity was 7 years. The menstrual irregularity predated infertility by a median of 2.5 years. Conclusion: the prevalence of PMOF in this study was 2.8% indicating a higher prevalence of PMOF among infertile women than previously reported prevalence in the general population. This study also confirms the low reproductive potential of these women.

HIV-related stigma is a psychological challenge in People Living With HIV (PLWH). They have different personal experiences related to the stigma. This study aims to explore personal experiences of PLWH related to HIV stigma. This study is a qualitative study with phenomenological design which was conducted to PLWH in Medan City in the period of Mei 2019. The data were collected through in depth interview and analyzed by performing trial version of Nvivo. Ethical test and inform consent were granted prior to data collection. There were 4 participants in the study and 75% of the respondents were male and 75% of which held higher education degree. It was obtained that the average length of being HIV positive was 2.3 years. Thematic analyses reveable three common stigma received by PLWH: (1) interpersonal stigma (feeling of being stigmatized, Rejected and considered as a disgusting creature), (2) stigma at health facilities (Discriminating look, Verbal abuse, and Delayed service due to their HIV positive status), and (3) self stigma (Avoidance in using the same things with the participants, Delayed service due to their HIV positive status). Findings provide important insights related to design of interventions to reduce stigmatization of PLWH.

Introduction: Covid 19 was declared as a pandemic by WHO in December 2019. Since then the whole world has been battling this crisis with large number of deaths worldwide. India reported its first case in March 2020 in Kerala [1]. Experimental research findings indicate that an exaggerated immune response and a strong cytokine storm, which may include high levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are activated in severe COVID-19 [3, 4]. This can lead to a clinical presentation of pancytopenia and HLH like features. Case: A 15-year-old female presented with fever and breathing difficulties to the emergency. She had tachypnoea and tachycardia but no organomegaly, lymphadenopathy or any other relevant examination findings. Routine lab investigations revealed pancytopenia. And day 1 peripheral smear showed virocytes. She was evaluated for COVID-19 and came out to be positive. On treatment her symptoms subsided but pancytopenia persisted. Hence a repeat peripheral smear examination and done on day 10 post admission which showed 8% blasts. BMA/BMB was advised with serum ferritin levels. Result: A diagnosis of acute leukemia was made on imprint smears as bone marrow aspiration was haemodiluted and paucicellular. Biopsy showed presence of sheets of histiocytes with hemophagocytosis admixed with blasts. A final diagnosis of Acute leukemia with Hemophagocytosis was made and serum ferritin advised to rule out HLH. Conclusion: The case turned out to an ALL with HLH. Hence, we realised that the cytokine storm in COVID -19 can at times mask the underlying major etiology and patient might just present with HLH. We conclude it is very important to analyse each case of Covid with great alacrity

Landuse land cover is subjected to continuous changes due to diverse and fluctuating human activities of the increasing population. The types of data required are landmass, population size, landuse land cover such as agricultural land, built-up area, bare land, water body and vegetation cover, and area covered by each. To determine the influences of population size on changes in agricultural land, built-up area, bare land, water body and vegetation cover the magnitude of each was divided by the population size to determine the per capita. Data on landmass was generated from topographic map; population size from National Population Commission; and landuse land cover and magnitude of each from landsat imageries. The imageries were analyzed using diverse GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. The results indicate magnitude of landuse land cover varied from 11.58%, 6.96%, 1.25% and 19.79% for agricultural land, bare land, built-up area and vegetation cover respectively. Likewise, population size increase by 10.82% while land per capita decreased by 7.74m2 for the period under study. Result of simple correlation between population size and agricultural land, bare land, built-up area, water body and vegetation cover indicate 58%, 35%, 94%, 58% and 19% as percentage of determination. The result indicate with increase in population size by 10.82% leads to increase in density with 69 persons per km2 and land per capita decreased by 14.49m2. The result implies with increase in population size lead to change landuse land cover.

Background: Superficial mycoses are the fungal infections of skin, nail, and hair. Superficial mycosis is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. The clinical lesions caused by the fungi are highly variable and closely resemble other skin diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to make a definite laboratory diagnosis of superficial skin infections. Dermatophytes are hyaline septate moulds which include the genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton that cause superficial mycoses. Materials and methods: The study was conducted for a period of one year (January to December 2019) in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. The skin, hair and nail samples were collected from patients with suspected dermatophyte infections. The samples were examined by KOH preparation and cultured on Saboraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) and cornmeal agar. The species identification was done by LPCB preparation and other tests. Results: A total of 68 samples were obtained of which 56 were skin scraping, 10 nail clipping and 2 hair samples. 60 (88.23%) were positive by KOH preparation where as 42 (61.76%) showed growth on SDA. The most common species was T.rubrum followed by T.mentagrophytes. There was a male preponderance and dermatophytic infections were most common among farmers. Conclusion: The most common dermatophyte infection was tinea corporis and T.rubrum was the commonest isolated organism. In the modern era of molecular diagnosis of infectious agents culture and microscopy still play an important role in the diagnosis of superficial mycoses.

This study focuses on the impact of training and development on employee’s job performance in Nigeria. Training and development is a critical process, which seeks to improve the performance of workers in an organization. The study defined the concept of staff training and development; it identified stages in organizing staff training and development such as orientation, in service programme, job rotation and in-house training. The study establishes the importance of staff training and development in organizations which include rapid economic development, promotion of political stability and poverty alleviation. The challenges of staff training and development are poor political leadership and poor staff training. In conclusion, training has been invaluable in increasing productivity of organizations. It does not only enhance employees resourcefully, but also provides them with an opportunity to virtually learn their jobs and perform more competently. It is recommended that training programmes of the organization should be on a continuous basis and not only when the organization is confronted with difficulties.

Background: Fibro-osseous jaw lesions are a group of tumours and proliferative disorders which present similar clinicopathological features. They comprise a range of developmental, reactive and neoplastic lesions characterized by replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue, with subsequent formation of new mineralized tissue. Making diagnosis of fibro-osseus lesions may be challenging for clinicians and pathologists alike, owing to their overlapping clinicopathology. Objectives: This study aims to determine the pattern and clinicopathological distribution of fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws over a 7-year period. Methodology: This study retrospectively reviewed 90 fibro-osseous lesions diagnosed at the Oral Pathology laboratory of the department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, over a period of seven years (January 2013 to January 2019). Information regarding the type, frequency, age, sex and site distribution of FOLs were retrieved from the archival records of the Oral Pathology laboratory. Result: Fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) of the jaws constituted 8.94% of all biopsies seen within the 7-year study period. Ossifying fibromas were the commonest FOL types accounting for 63.3% of all FOLs, followed by fibrous dysplasias at 20%. Lesions were observed within the age range of 9-72 years with an overall mean age of 31.9±15.5 years for all FOLs, 38.5±1.5 for Ossifying fibroma and 13.3±2.5 years for fibrous dysplasia. Female predilection for FOLs was recorded at a Male: Female ratio of 1:2.2. Mandible was the observed site of predilection for Ossifying fibroma, while the reverse was observed for Fibrous dysplasia. Conclusion: FOLs are relatively common jaw lesions, with ossifying fibromas occurring more frequently than others. Making an accurate diagnosis of FOLs in resource limited settings is greatly dependent on the availability of detailed clinical information, owing to their similar histopathologic appearances.

The Sea, one of the most representative works about identity crisis and self-construction, shows Max Morden’s absence of life and struggling in memory. Based on the Psychoanalytic Theory of Literature, this paper aims to study the main character Max Morden’s self-identity crisis and come up with feasible ways to solve the problem. By analyzing Max Morden’s identity crisis and self-construction in The Sea, it reveals the author John Banville’s thinking of value and the meaning of life. It will help people understand the self-identity crisis, its cause, and how to solve it in modern society.

Vertical jumping ability is of importance for good performance in different kinds of sports, and football among them. The most effective way for a football coach to improve vertical jumping ability is to enhance the maximal jump height (Hmax) and maximal force (Fmax) output in a training program, such as proprioception training. The purpose of this study is to estimate the quantitative analysis of biomechanical variables in counter movement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) tests. The participating subjects of this study were 29 boys aged 10-14 years old, players of Tirana Football Club (FC). According to the results of the t-test values, it was concluded that there was a statistical improvement of 7 cm in maximal height (CMJ test) and an improvement of 320 N in maximal force (SJ test). t-test analysis applied at this team, through the mean comparisons in three different phases of measuremets, emphasizes the differences between them and their statistical and practical significance. Two way ANOVA analysis within subjects showed a significant effect of training level, as a result of which it was concluded clearly that the jumping technique strongly affect the mechanical output muscles, as the motors that generate explosion maximal force and also maximal jump height. The proprioception exercises have a huge effect in the variety of training, by changing the style, monotony, the difficulty, which results in improving all biomechanical parameters including those of the sportive technique.

Along with the advancement of society and technology, education is becoming increasingly indispensable for daily life. Different educational model shapes different children’s character that have a great influence in their life. Understanding is of importance to the transformation of educational ideas and different practices of education. Rousseau was a famous educator and he insisted that children should be educate in the nature without any control. This paper is stimulated by Rousseau’s educational ideas in The Glass Castle and illustrates the enlightenment of China. Besides, it also shows the importance of natural education and family values in one’s life.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of satisfaction on word of mouth customers of Islamic banks in Central Sulawesi Province. This study applied two survey methods, i.e., descriptive survey and explanatory survey and was conducted from January to May - July 2018. Samples were Islamic bank customers in Central Sulawesi Province. The sample size of the study was 345 respondents spreading in several Islamic banks in Central Sulawesi Province, which included: Syariah Mandiri KC Palu Bank, Syariah Mandiri KC Luwuk Bank, BNI Syariah Bank, Muamalat Bank, BRI Syariah Bank. The variables of the study were customer satisfaction and word of mouth. The results of the study showed that customer satisfaction was classified as a good category, with the mean score was 3.62. The mean value for WOM intention was 3.55 (good category), positive valence WOM value was 3.61 (good category), negative valence WOM value was 3.59 (good category), WOM content value was 3,77 (good category). The satisfaction had a significant effect on the word of mouth Islamic bank customers in Central Sulawesi with a p-value = 0.036 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that if satisfaction increases, the desire of Islamic bank customers in Central Sulawesi to do WOM would also increase.

This study is a follow-up study of research on stock prices that have been conducted by researchers, but this research focuses on the fundamental analysis of the impact of financial ratios before and after being published on stock prices. As in the signal theory that management will always try to give a positive signal to the market to be captured well so as to increase the value of the company which is reflected in the entity's stock price on the exchange, one of which is by publishing financial statements. This study analyzes more deeply the effect of financial ratios including Return On Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on stock prices before and after the publication of financial statements. Using panel data with STATA, it was found that the effect of ROA and NPM on stock prices after publication was stronger than before publication, while the effect of DER was found to be the opposite. With these results concluded that financial ratios are still one of the benchmarks used by investors in their transactions in the stock market.

Photophysical studies of water soluble Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) based dye with urea in the absence and presence of a globular protein, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were carried out in water. Addition of urea results in a fluorescence quenching of the dye such that the local excited (LE) state emission remains largely unaffected, whereas BSA results in a fluorescence quenching accompanied with larger extent of fluorescence enhancement and promotes the formation of a new emissive peak, assigned to the Charge Transfer (CT) nature of the dye. The loss of PET behavior of the dye in water and the subsequent addition of urea or BSA influences the excited state nature of the dye. Urea predominantly governs the LE state nature of the dye and promotes the formation a new microenvironment in the presence of BSA. The binding constant parameters portray that dye is influenced by urea rather than BSA such that urea-water and urea-urea hydrogen-bonding assemblies predominates over hydrophobic nature of the protein. Fluorescence spectral technique is employed as a tool in establishing the nature of interaction between dyes with more than one water soluble Competitive Hydrogen Bonding solute is established in the present study.

The efficacy of hydrated lime (HL) as a flocculating agent in water treatment was studied in this work. Two water samples were used. Sample A was obtained from domestic sewage from Hostel A at the Federal University of Technology Owerri. While, sample B was sourced from storm water runoff from drains in Eziobodo Town, Owerri, Nigeria. The samples were treated separately using HL and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as flocculants respectively. Alum (Al2SO4)3 was used as the coagulating agent for all samples. The jar test was adopted. Treated samples were analyzed for pH, color and turbidity. It was noted that addition of HL and NaOH in all samples increased the pH of the water. pH values for sample A and B were 2.7 and 4.1 before treatment and increased to values between 6.9 to 7.2 after treatment. The use of alum and HL in treating both samples of water led to better color quality than using alum and NaOH. Sample B water treated with HL had lesser color quality than those of sample A. The best color quality of 1.0 PCU happened when treating sample A water using 25mg/l alum and 43.8mg/l HL. Treatment of sample B using alum and NaOH did not improve turbidity. Rather, a maximum increase of 1.8% was observed at 25mg/l alum and 17.0mg/l NaOH dosage. The use of alum and HL showed a remarkable improvement in turbidity. Best value of 3.12NTU was measured at 25mg/l alum and 43.8mg/l HL dosage. Treatment of sample A with alum and HL gave better turbidity values when compared to sample B. Removal efficiencies of 95% and 90% for both samples were observed respectively. In conclusion, HL can be effectively used as a flocculating agent in treating water when applied in the right proportion.