The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common health issue particularly in the developing and if remain untreated can manifest serious health consequences. The aim of this study was to figure out the current situation of subclinical thyroid disease in the Pakistani and Afghan refugees living in Quetta city. For this purpose different public sector hospitals were visited on regular bases from October 2018 to October 2019 to find out the prevalence of this disease. Subclinical hypo and hyperthyroid patients of both the nationalities age among 20-70 years were enrolled. Furthermore, the prevalence of clinical sign and symptoms related to thyroidal dysfunction, the physical activities of the patients, use of iodized/non-iodized salt, feeding habit was also recorded. To confirm the status of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism the thyroid functional test (TFT) was performed by using Radio Immuno Assay (RIA). Our data showed that the prevalence of Thyroidism was higher in females than males both in Pakistani and Afghani patients. The overall prevalence of euthyroid was (21.66%), hypothyroidism (45.83%) and hyperthyroid (32.52%), thus the prevalence of hypothyroidism was found to be higher than hyperthyroidism and this prevalence was high in the patients among 20-45 years of age. Furthermore, the prevalence data related to clinical sign showed that weight gain (82.12%), cold intolerance (79.60%) and anxiety (74.34%) was more common in hypothyroid patients whereas, weight loss (84.23%), goiter (79.13%) and increase heart rate (78.51%) were the common issues in hyperthyroid patients.

Pre-eclampsia is an important clinical syndrome with an elevated blood pressure and marked proteinuria and may be associated with haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Recently, oxidative stress is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. The current research consisted of 77 women with pre-eclampsia and 45 normotensive subjects attending Rasheed Shekoni specialist hospital and General hospital Dutse. Serum antioxidant vitamins A, C, E and some hematological indices were analyzed in both groups. Results revealed a statistical decrease (p<0.005) of vitamin A, C, E and platelet in pre-eclamptic compared to normotensive women. Antioxidant and platelet concentrate supplementation may supress the development of pre-eclampsia.

The LD50 values of sponge Sigmadocia fibulata and Suberites carnosus were evaluated as O= Survival and X= Death. For both the samples we found that the LD50 is greater than 2000 mg/kg. In histopathological examinations of liver the crude extract Sigmadocia fibulata showed congested vasculature and focal minimal degenerative changes in hepatic parenchyma with cellular swelling and vacuolar changes of hepatocytes were noted, where as in normal control and rats treated with crude extract of Suberites carnosus, no metabolic or pathological lesions in liver tissue sections were observed. In kidney tissue rats treated with crude extract of Suberites carnosus showed focal congestion of vessels in renal parenchyma. The focal areas showed cellular swelling in renal tubules with presence of granular cytoplasmic changes in the epithelium of tubules showing absence of inflammatory changes in the section; where as in normal control and rats treated with Sigmadocia fibulata no metabolic or pathological lesions in kidney tissue sections were observed. In the histological examinations of heart, lung, and brain tissues no observable changes were noted in normal control and experimental rats, treated with crude extract of Sigmadocia fibulata and Suberites carnosus.

The contemporary business environment in Benue state, Nigeria demands all Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) irrespective of which sector they operate in to innovate in order to secure a place in the market, and Knowledge Management (KM) infrastructure is said to be one of the strategies with which firm innovativeness can be promoted. It is in view of this that this study was conducted to examine the relationship between KM infrastructural capabilities and innovativeness of SMEs in Benue state, Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design. The population for this study consisted of 1370 employees from 14 SMEs in Benue State. The research focused only on SMEs with up to 50 employees. These SMEs were selected from the three business hubs in the state (Makurdi, Gboko and Otukpo) which covers all the geo-political zones of the State. This number cut across business activities like manufacturing, food processing, bakery, table water, schools, hoteling and ICT. Through purposive sampling technique, Five hundred and eighteen (518) employees from the selected SMEs (i.e. 37 from each) made up the sample size for the study. A self-administered-adopted questionnaire was employed to collect quantitative data for hypothesis testing. Five hundred and eighteen (518) questionnaires were issued out to the respondents however, only four hundred and forty five (445) responses validly retrieved and included in analysis. Data were statistically analyzed after being collected from the field with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v. 21). Pearson Correlation Analysis was employed in determining the relationship between the independent variables (technological, cultural and structural infrastructures) and the dependent variable (SMEs innovativeness). Multiple regression analysis on the other hand tested the extent of effect of independent variables on the dependent variable at 0.05 level of significance. The result of Pearson Correlation Analysis revealed that all the infrastructural dimensions (technology, culture and structure) significantly relate with SMEs Innovativeness. The result of multiple regression analysis showed a higher effect of cultural infrastructural dimension followed by technology and structure with a low effect though positive. Therefore, it is recommended among others that SMEs need to double their support for the use of technological facilities and develop the desired trainings for the operation of technological facilities.

The nature has provided an entire warehouse of remedies to cure ailments of mankind. About 80 per cent of the world's population depends partially or wholly on traditional medicine for its primary health care needs. Herbal medicines as the key remedy in traditional medical system have been used in medical practice for past era and have made a great involvement to maintain human health. Thus Pharmacognostical study appears to be of enormous value in identification of commercial samples of the market to find their authenticity and establishing identity of adulterant or substituent. In addition lack of standardization, dishonest commercial practice of adulterating and substituting the genuine herbal drugs are posing great obstacle in popularizing the time-tested herbal-based traditional medicines. The present study was focused on preliminary pharmacognostic and phytochemical investigations for determining and establishing the identity, purity and quality of the plants. The plant was subjected to determination of various physicochemical parameters including ash values (total ash, water soluble ash) and extractive values (alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive). The powdered crude drug was extracted successively with various solvents with increasing polarity and further the extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening for the identification of various phytoconstituents. The study of heavy metal analysis, total bacterial count & test for Aflatoxins studies was also carried out as WHO guidelines. More over the fingerprint profile of Desmostachya bipinnata was established using thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods. The results of the TLC profiling of the extract confirm about the presence of various phytochemicals.

This paper furnishes a financial synopsis of BHEL through financial ratios. BHEL is India’s biggest engineering and manufacturing company of its kind occupied in the design, engineering, manufacture, construction, testing, commissioning and servicing of a wide range of products and services for the core sectors of the economy, viz. Power, Transmission, Industry, Transportation, Renewable Energy, Oil & Gas and Defense. Ratio analysis is one of procedure used to measure the financial position of the company in the four main characteristic liquidity, solvency, turnover and profitability. The main goal of this paper is to interpret the financial performance of BHEL, along with BHEL’s financial performance is compared with its peers BMEL, L&T, PUNJLLYOD, THERMAX can be understood.

DNA barcoding especially used in the field of molecular biology that uses primers with 500-700 segments to classify various species at molecular and genetic level. This review focuses on the role of DNA barcoding in conservation of biodiversity and current applications for the discovery of species. Some species of plants and animals remain unidentified at molecular level. DNA barcoding uses molecular tools for the discovery of species found in natural ecosystem and playing important role in biodiversity conservation. Genetic barcoding mainly focuses on conservation strategies on populations due to differences found in the mitochondrial DNA. The most commonly used DNA barcodes for the plant species are ITS, rbcL, psbA-trnH and matK. DNA barcodes has several applications for the detection of plants species by providing specific information about the taxa. There is need to use DNA barcoding in combinations with other sciences such as ecology and taxonomy methods for conservation of biodiversity. There is also need to use databases for appropriate storage of data about species to conserve biodiversity.

Preterm premature rupture of membranes is one of the most common issues in daily obstetrics practice. PPROM is associated with 30% of neonatal morbidities and mortalities in preterm delivery. Increased PLT consumption causes activation and increased production of PLT, which causes a hypercoagulable state and microcirculatory defects and vascular reactivity in the placental bed, resulting in placental insufficiency and adverse neonatal outcomes. The present study aimed to determine platelet indices in PPROM patients and to evaluate the association between PLT indices and adverse neonatal outcomes. Material and methods: This was a hospital based descriptive study. 130 women with PROM & 130 women without PROM with gestational age between 24 – 36.6 weeks admitted in the labour room for delivery were included in the study. CBC was done for all. Relationship between PLT indices and neonatal outcomes in PPROM cases were analyzed. Results: The mean platelet count in women of study group (224.2 ± 66.43 x103/mm3) was lower than mean platelet count in women of control group (232 ± 71.58 x103/mm3). Mean MPV and PDW were significantly more in study group. There was a weak positive correlation existed between Platelet count and APGAR score and birth weight of the baby. A negative correlation existed between MPV and APGAR and birth weight. Conclusion: Platelet count, MPV and PDW which are simple, economical and rapid to measure, can be used to predict adverse outcome in PPROM.

Classroom management occupies a vital position in the pedagogical approach of the teacher and the life of high school students in Africa. Teachers who use laissez faire administrative style and methodology in the classrooms run the risk of aiding vices in students. Currently, it has been a social concern that there is increase in moral decadence. In addition, that many high school students are prone to some deviant behaviour due to ineffective classroom management. Effective classroom management is the key to curbing incidences of indiscipline such as disobedience, disrespect, lying, bullying, examination malpractice, and truancy among high school students of Africa. Effective classroom management through goal-oriented and specific instructional objectives, instructional strategies, and instructional resources helps students acquire the virtues of honesty, hard work, collaboration and responsibility, which leads to proper character formation and academic excellence of the learner. This qualitative study is anchored on the Classroom Management Theory of Thomas Gordon. This theory explicitly opines that an effective classroom management enhances productivity in the students. The study is solely based on document analysis of secondary data, and classroom observation. The findings of the study confirm that positive classroom climate enables the student to feel cared for and be engaged in school activities that lead to positive pursuits in life. The study therefore recommends that teachers should establish a positive learning environment by showing their passion for the subject matter, and being active in moving among the students.

This paper investigates the complex developments of identity in contemporary Africa considering that the emergence of identity politics is a consequence of the extraordinarily rapid and profound upheavals and transformations of human society at the turn of the 21stcentury. Contemporary world has considerably opened up and extraordinarily shrunk in specific historical circumstances. The act of migration particularly, is one that profoundly changes the individual, transforming the relationship of the migrant with his home country and new host country and then impacting their identity as a result. The expanding use of the term, identity politics, is scrutinized in this work and attempts are made at delineating its unwieldy parameters. This in turn reflects the socio-political composition of African societies.

This study investigates the high school principal’s role in the students’ misbehavior. The findings indicated that this role is a central one, as principals in secondary education are called to design, inspire and implement strategies and policies effectively. Furthermore, it was concluded that both the contribution of the state with training, funding, and a well defined legislative context, and the harmonious cooperation between principals and the Teachers’ and Parents’ Associations is crucial, for this principals’ role to be successfully fulfilled.

Due to the inadequate extension of drinking water distribution network, the population of Bangangte town just like other towns of Cameroon, get water from wells, springs and rivers whose quality is questionable. The consumption of this water, infected by micro-organisms, predisposes the population to water borne diseases. Added to the problem of quantity, is that of quality. This study wants to establish a correlation between the difficulties of access to drinking water and the frequency of water borne diseases in Bangangte town. The methodology used is highly based on households' survey, which permitted the researcher to make a difference between the problem raised and the types of water borne diseases encountered. These inquiries were completed by the collection of clinical data, physico-chemical and bacteriological analyzes of six water samples. The outcome was that, elements of the physical and human milieu are incriminated. As such, only the adoption of methods of water treatment at home is the appropriate solution.

Perjury as an offence has often been relegated to the confines of paper books. This is despite the tons of witnesses and deponents who intentionally and willfully base their testimonies on falsehood and lies, and the plausible sanctions spelt out in various criminal codes, making the reason for the lukewarmness of the offence a wonder and its relevance a doubt. It is for this reason that this thesis emerged. This paper, therefore, evaluates perjury from majorly four countries of Nigeria, United States, Scotland and India, exposes what their law on perjury is, compares their different provisions as it bothers on what can be perjurious, analyses the basis of the law and highlights thoughts to help cover the loopholes in the law. The paper further explores judicial attitude to legal lies, the circumstances where perjury is said to have been committed and the conviction therein, making a comparison of the decisions. The paper is concluded with several observations, challenges facing the seeming irrelevance of the law and offer of recommendations. Some of the suggestions is to limit the definition of perjury, extend its scope to claimants and plaintiffs, extend criminal culpability in the law to persons who aided and counseled the perjury, as well as the parastatals in charge of justice remind lawyers and the public on the effect of perjury and the need to enforce it.

This study aims to find out the relationship between self-disclosure and interpersonal communication of MTs Lab IKIP Al Washliyah students. The research design used descriptive correlational with quantitative methods. Data collection techniques used a questionnaire. The questionnaires were self-disclosure questionnaire and interpersonal communication questionnaire. The self-disclosure questionnaire amount 34 statements and the interpersonal communication questionnaire amount 35 statements which were previously tested and analyzed to obtain validity and reliability. Based on the results of research in MTs Lab IKIP Al Washliyah Medan using the calculation of product moment correlation of the two variables of self-disclosure (X) and interpersonal communication (Y) that robserved 0,435> rtable 0,284. Then it is revealed that there is a significant relationship between self-disclosure and student interpersonal communication.

Optimization is a common method to improve the performance of a stock portfolio. However, it was unclear what performance to expect for a risk switch (RS) strategy and a moving average adjusted long only momentum (MA MOM) strategy as a benchmark. The research question was: how does a RS strategy with optimized portfolios perform in comparison to equal weights and to a benchmark for U.S. stocks? In this study, high Betas during winter and low Idiosyncratic Volatility during summer were computed to construct the RS portfolios. The computations required to consider a capital asset price model, Sharpe ratios, Efficient Frontier, F-test next to others. I find in this study that an optimization was only most profitable for a RS strategy, with a percentile range of rRS [0.56; 2.52% per month] during 2009 until 2019, and for Dow Jones Industrial Average stock market data. The findings are relevant for investors and portfolio managers who optimize portfolios and are interested to apply a RS or a MA MOM strategy.