Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.

Ever since Ken Saro-Wiwa published his novel Sozaboy in 1985, it has attracted and received tremendous critical attention. However, literary scholars and critics mostly explore either the author’s use of language or his representation of the Nigerian Civil War in Sozaboy. Deploying theories of ecocriticism and regionalism, this paper shifts that focus by examining certain ways Saro-Wiwa articulates his sense of place in Sozaboy and the place, as is well-known, is Dukana – his narrative locus. At the centre of this paper is the contention that Dukana, Saro-Wiwa’s fictional world, is replete with certain characteristics which shape a writer’s vision of place and these include the landscape, culture, beliefs, habits and mannerisms or ethos of a place. Accordingly, I shall analyse Saro-Wiwa’s sense of place in Sozaboy in terms of his perceptions of these characteristics of Dukana. In this way, I propose to locate Saro-Wiwa in the regionalist or place-sense writer’s tradition. I shall further argue that Saro-Wiwa derives his sense of place from what he has seen and known about the Niger Delta region and its people in lived experience. The paper finds that in addition to Saro-Wiwa’s experimentation with language and his concern with the civil war, what also informs his writing of Sozaboy is his desire to articulate rural sensibilities. Drawing from his preoccupation with regional life and events that live on in the pages of his fictional works, the paper concludes that Saro-Wiwa is, for the most part, a regionalist or place-sense writer.

This paper examines the dynamics surrounding enrolment interventions that have been put in place by key stakeholders in promotion of the 100% enrolment rates in primary schools. The study was guided by the following objective: to determine enrolment dynamics of primary schools in Eldoret West Sub County, Kenya. The study was based on the social demand approach, a model which when applied to education, refers to the aggregate/total demand for school places in a nation (Zimmer, 1985). The researcher adopted a survey research design which aimed at obtaining complete and accurate findings. The design was appropriate for the study since the researcher intended to critically examine enrolment dynamics in Eldoret West, Kenya. From the 177 primary schools in the sub county, a total of 53 schools were sampled. All the 53 Headteachers and all the 5 Quality Assurance Officers in the Education sub county office participated in the study. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, interviews and documents analysis. It was established that there was a significant growth in enrolment due to current government policies. The stakeholders should be mobilized to provide resources needed to expand primary school facilities to ensure equal access to education opportunities for all.

Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in death of millions of people across the world. The impact of the disease on human health and the economic hardship on the affected countries have been severe. The public must routinely practice precautionary measures to control the spread of the disease, as no antiviral treatments are currently available. However, the level of awareness and practice of these preventive measures against Covid-19 infection among pregnant women, which constitute vulnerable groups have not been evaluated in our environment. The aim of the study was to determine the awareness and knowledge of pregnant women on Covid-19, its preventive measures and the practice of those preventive measures. It was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information on sociodemographic characteristics and also their knowledge and practice of Covid-19 preventive measures. All the respondents were aware of Covid-19 infection and the source of information was from Television. All the respondents were aware of the various preventive measures of Covid-19 and the knowledge was good among 98.7% of the respondents. However, only 19.1% had good practice of the preventive measures. Educational status of the respondents was found to have significant association with knowledge of preventive measures (χ2= 9.5, p = 0.014).

This paper reports antibacterial and antifungal activities of Schiff base and that’s of its metal (II) complexes (Co, Cu) derived from salicyldehyde and diphenylamine. The Schiff base and its metal (II) complexes were characterized using different analytical techniques like FTIR, melting point, solubility, and molar conductance, The Schiff base and its respective metals complexes were colored. The result from IR analysis revealed bands at 1614cm-1 indicating the formation of azomethine (C=N) confirming the formation of Schiff base. The band at 664cm-1indicate the formation of complex which is assign toV(M-N) supporting coordination of Schiff base to respective metals. The solubility test result showed that both the Schiff base and complexes are soluble in most organic solvent and insoluble in water. Both the schiff base and complexes revealed sharp melting point and decomposition temperature. The molar conductance data of the complexes in Dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO) show low value of 9 and 10 Ohm-1cm2 mol-1) indicating the complexes are non-electrolytes. The entire compound was tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results indicated that the growth of the tested organism was inhibited by the compounds.

In Kenya, the handshake between President Uhuru Kenyatta and Orange Democratic Movement (henceforth referred to as ODM) leader, Raila Odinga, on 9th March, 2018 elicited diverse discourse on the phenomenon. The print media was replete with the discourse on the Uhuru-Raila handshake. This particular handshake ostensibly surpassed the traditional social purview of handshakes as polite greetings. Its conceptualization by Kenyans definitely eluded the precinct of handshakes as greeting occurrences hence the extensive discourse on it. The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the effect of the handshake on the perception of Kenyans by undertaking an analysis of the handshake discourse in Kenya’s print media. The study was guided by Systemic Functional Grammar theory by Halliday (1975). The study adopted analytical research design and data was qualitatively analysed as per the tenets of the aforementioned theory. The study concluded that the Uhuru-Raila handshake had significant influence on the perception of Kenyans on socio-economic and political issues in the country.

Short clinical crowns are more prone to crown dislodgment. Therefore, extra retentive features may be warranted. Though, classic retentive techniques are not always possible to apply in fixed prosthodontics. Hence, it may be beneficial to utilize non-conventional methods to enhance retention in situations where retention cannot be obtained from primary and secondary retentive factors. This article describes a modified technique to increase cast metal and porcelain fused to metal crowns’ retention to cast post and core by using a horizontal retentive pin and hole to lock the crown to the cast post and core.

Background/Aim: To date, there is no standard method to evaluate the fit of the implant framework. However, there are many proposed clinical and laboratory methods in the literature with varying accuracies based on numerous factors involved. Therefore, we conducted the current investigation to review the available evidence in the literature, comparing the available clinical as well as laboratory methods in assessing the fit of implant prostheses. Materials and Methods: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies related to the fit of the implant framework or the degree and effect of misfit. We also used the manual search method to search for any missing articles. Various combinations of key words were used to fit the searching guidelines of each database. Relevant studies of in-vitro and clinical design were included in this review. Results: The majority of the reviewed studies were either clinical or technique papers that proposed various strategies in detecting the fit of the implant framework, with a very limited number of clinical trials related to the topic. Multiple factors suggest that the concept ‘passive fit’ could be achieved in implant prosthodontics with the use of advances strategies. Various clinical and laboratory techniques in assessing the fit of the implant framework were identified. The advantages, drawbacks, and applicability of each technique are discussed. However, the applicability of these technique is clearly limited due to the absence of clinical trials (in vivo studies) assessing their validity and efficacy of such techniques. A slight misfit of the framework to the implant abutment/analogue was also observed in many of the investigated strategies. Conclusions: Due to the variations of techniques and the various parameters assessed by each, we suggest that it might be useful to combine several techniques to determine the accuracy of fit, quantify the effect and degree of misfit, and subsequently estimate the acceptable level of fit, using the reference system for each technique used accordingly.

From the angle of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this research note explores renewable energy in food supply chain and sustainable marine fishery. With an initial theoretical analysis, it is observed that the share of renewable energy, as reflected by SDG Indicator 7.2.1, can contribute to the measurement of and data computation for SDG Indicators 12.3.1 and 14.7.1. This is because renewable energy becomes a significant component of on board cost for harvesting, processing, and preserving fishes by marine vessels/fleets. Also renewable energy can be used to estimate food waste because it functions as an estimation for municipal solid waste if data is not directly available. A number of scientific and practical implications are generated. For example, more interdisciplinary studies on the interactions across SDGs should be encouraged, and more in-depth empirical research are also expected in future. The connections between renewable energy, food supply chain, and sustainable marine fishery also call for more holistic policies for sustainable development, with adequate consideration of disparities in country contexts. Effective actions should be taken to further enhance the statistical capacities of countries and international organizations, which will be a foundation for applying more sophisticated techniques into the analysis of data in this field. The main objectives of this short research note are to provoke more scientific thoughts and provide policy-oriented recommendations. It leaves spaces for more empirical evidence-based future research including another study under the author’s plan.

The concentration of this study is to analyze: (1) the academic basis of Madrasa Miftahul Umam in generating teachers’ competences through vision mission; (2) the role of teachers in dealing with obstacles to generate teachers’ competences; (3) the role of internalizing prophetic values in generating teachers’ competences to create more effective teaching and learning activities. The research in the paper uses the case study method. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, document reviews, and surveys to complement the data. Sources of data were obtained through teachers as informants and also through documents. Data analysis was performed by data reduction or sorting, data displays and verifications. The results of the study show that: (1) generating teachers’ competence had been carried out through the madrasa vision and mission, but its implementation had not been well-programmed; (2) various obstacles faced by madrasa such as financial sector, quality of management, facilities and infrastructure, had a direct impact towards generating teachers’ competences; (3) internalization of prophetic values on teachers competence was able to motivate teachers to build teachers’ values and to create more effective teaching and learning activities. The Conclusion in this study proves that the internalization of prophetic values had positively impacted towards generating teachers’ competences.

Introduction: Pregnancy in adolescence is a problem of alarming dimensions that demands comprehensive multisectoral care. The incidence of pregnancy in adolescents has grown and no previous studies on the entity were found. Objective: To describe the behavior of adolescent pregnancy in the Mantilla health area. Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of a universe of 82 pregnant adolescents from the Mantilla health area from April 2019 to November 2020. A survey and test of perception of family functioning were applied, which were processed using Descriptive Statistics techniques. Results: 57.3% of the pregnant women were between 17 and 19 years old, 53.7% had not completed the pre-university or intermediate technical level and 75.6% did not wish to interrupt their pregnancy. Conclusions: Pregnancies in adolescence are unplanned and therefore unwanted; the vast majority of adolescents admit that they are incapable of facing pregnancy and what it means for their later life.

Superficial mycosis were diagnosed in 1231 cases, a prevalence of 62.07%. The average age of the patients was 45 years, the sex ratio M/F was 1.19. The majority of the patients were followed as outpatients (96.99%). Of all superficial mycosis, onychomycosis was the most frequent with a rate of 52.32%, followed by epidermomycosis (37.44%), scalp mycosis (8.37%), oral mycosis (1.71%) and genital mycosis (0.16%). Dermatophytes were the most isolated (85.05%), followed by yeasts (13.65%), molds (1.30%). The main dermatophytic species were represented by Trichophyton rubrum (80.99%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (8.88%) and Microsporum canis (6.59%). The most common yeasts found were Candida albicans (67.86%), followed by Malassezia furfur (22.02%). Scopulariopsis brevicaulis was the most isolated mold (68.75%). At the end of this study we conclude that mycological examination is essential in the management of patients with superficial mycoses; which must also include the elimination of favourable factors in order to avoid recurrence.

Background: The aim of the study was to describe epidemiological aspects and clinical characteristics of these patients, as well as diagnostic work-up, comprehensive management and updated follow-up. Methods: In a 4-years’ period, 6 female and 4 male fetuses were diagnosed with NTD in Department of OBG at Victoria Hospital, BMCRI, Bangalore. Analyzed data were related to familiar and/or maternal risk factors (consanguinity, maternal preexisting and/or gestational diseases, exposure to teratogen/infectious agents, lack of preconception folic acid supplement), demographic (ethnicity/origin, residence) and clinical features (eventual use of assisted reproduction techniques, prenatal diagnosis, gestational age, fetal presentation, type of delivery, birth weight, preoperative imaging, antibiotics and analgesics use, description of the surgery intervention, length of hospital stay, comorbidities, complications), and follow-up. Results: Among 10 cases, 6 female and 4 male fetuses were diagnosed with NTD. All 10 fetuses had Anencephaly and other associated anomalies. The diagnosis was made by prenatal ultrasonography. Among ten mothers one was over-aged. Medical history revealed that only 2 mothers used folic acid (FA), -tablets containing 5 mg folic acid, once daily, beginning after being aware of the pregnancy- neither initiated preconceptionally, nor consumed regularly. The remaining 8 mothers did not use any supplements. No mothers used any kind of drugs during pregnancy, and 2 were diabetic. All patients had normal thyroid, liver and renal function tests. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed no abnormality.

MSME entrepreneurs in running a business are likely to face risks, so that the expected results are not appropriate and the business suffers big losses and even goes bankrupt. MSME entrepreneurs who choose to stick to this commitment are the beginning, which is called the phenomenon of commitment escalation. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The qualitative method was chosen because the research will explore human behavior (that is, why MSME entrepreneurs maintain the experience of experiencing losses), and find motives that are committed to conducting in-depth interviews. The results showed that the increase in MSME commitment was due to several factors such as personal responsibility in the initial business, excessive trust supported by extensive experience, self-esteem (avoiding being considered incompetent) and to protect reputation.

Background: In last few decades, childhood obesity has become a burdensome challenge globally. The most important long-term consequence of childhood obesity is its persistence into adulthood, with all the associated health risks. Persistent obesity is established before the age of 11. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study with non-probability convenient sampling was carried out over a period of three month in a private sector school Islamabad, Pakistan. The sampling frame was 250 students of grade 4 of roots school system. The response rate was 67%. Results: Mean age in our sample was 10 years. Mean BMI was 18.14 with a standard deviation of 4.4. The frequency of obesity in children was 22% (more than 97th percentile and equivalent to BMI of 30kg/m 2) and that of overweight was 32% (more than 85th percentile and BMI of). Among obese children 28% were reasonably physically active the past week. Regarding eating habits 52% children ate their breakfast every day, 16% of the children never had their breakfast because they didn’t like breakfast or because they were never given breakfast at home. 55% of the children thought that obesity can be prevented by making sure that children are into sports and games, by promoting healthy snacks and banning fast foods, by launching fitness programs and by health education. Conclusion: We found a high frequency of obese and overweight children in the private sector school of Islamabad. Physical inactivity and relationship with other factors like watching TV, gaming and over consumption of junk food was found to be associated with overweight and obesity adds some useful data to the previous researches.