Anthropometry is the numeric assessment of body segments for specific reasons. The present study is aimed at specifying the nose type and pattern of Ekowe indigenes in Bayelsa State of Nigeria. A total of 300 subjects were recruited for this study with sex difference of 179 males and 121 females. The measured parameters include nasal breadth, nasal height and nasal index. The results showed mean values of nasal breadth as 4.87±0.42 and 4.62±0.42 for males and females. Nasal height values are 4.43±0.37 and 4.13±0.40 for male and female. Nasal index for males and females are 110.64±12.52 and 112.89±14.43. Sexual dimorphism exits amongst the measured parameters and there was statistical significant difference for nasal breadth and height (p<0.05). With reference to nose classification by Martin and Sallar, 1957; the males and females of Ekowe indigenes possess platyrrhine (broad and short) nose shape.

Introduction: Craniofacial anthropometric parameters are believed to specify sex, age and racial existence of an unknown person. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess and identify the head shape of Ekowe people and to ascertain whether there is sexual difference. Materials and Methods: Cranial measurements such as biparietal diameter and occipiofrontal diameter were carried out on 300 subjects, comprising of 179 males and 121 females of Ekowe indigenes and were between the age range of 18 years and above. In addition, cephalic index was calculated from these parameters. Results: The resultant mean values of biparietal diameter B(head breadth) was 16.50±1.82 and 16.23±1.73 for males and females. Mean values of occipitofrontal diameter (head length) for males and females were 28.03±1.35 and 27.58±1.04. Cephalic index was 59.07±7.17 and 58.98±6.91 for males and females. Sexual dimorphism was observed in occipitofrontal diameter and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The percentage of head shape analysis indicates that only 0.3% each for the males and females sampled population were mesocephalic in shape (moderate or medium head shaped). None was brachycephalic for both males and females. About 59.3 % of the male sample and 40% of the female sample were dolichocephalic in shape (long head). Conclusion: We conclude that the Ekowe people are long headeds. The findings from this study have shown to be very useful in forensic medicine, genetics and craniofacial surgery.

The current study explored the situation of motives and coaching behaviour preferences by players as the main factors acting on their potential and leading them to active or passive dedication towards team goals. This is due to the fact that the success of players will depend on how they effectively collaborate with their coach, how they interpret various behaviour and commanding styles that their coach uses as well as individual player motives. 165 players from the Rwanda top tier Handball league answered the perception model of leadership scale for sports and the physical activity and leisure motivation scale. The collected data’s reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s reliability test and the results were respectively 0.816 and 0.856 showing better and reliable data results. The identified motives of Rwanda handball players are Enjoyment 94.4%, Physical conditions 89.8%, Affiliation 81.9% while the highly perceived coaching behaviors are those during training and instructions with 52.2% (often) and 38.2% (always) seconded by how players and coaches socialize with 54 % (Often) and 20.6% (Always). The Pearson correlation analysis revealed weak association between coaching behavior and sports motives with most correlation coefficients belonging below 0.039** (Mastery versus Training and Instruction, Social Support). Significant Differences in perception of coaching behaviors were also observed with regard to team ownership F3,164=12.724, p(0.000) < a(0.05), Marital status F2,164=13.868,p(0.000)< a(0.05) and Age range F5,164=5.434, p(0.000) < a(0.05) with Tukey post hoc tests revealing that significant differences lye between school owned teams (with Government and privately owned teams) as well as age category 15-20 (with 20-25 and 30-40). No significant differences in motives were observed. The overall finding emphasizes that motives and coaching behaviors play a big role in players’ psychological and physical potential hence they are important and worth exploration for the best of the team, players and the whole management as well as game followers.

Background: BAL specimens are widely used for diagnosing respiratory pathologies like chronic diseases, lung carcinomas, pneumonias, etc. Infections cause exacerbations. Study of bacterial profile, antibacterial sensitivity patterns of samples guides in timely & appropriate use of antibiotics, preventing emergence of antibiotic resistance. Aim: This study was done to isolate causative bacteria from BAL specimens to know their antibacterial sensitivity pattern. Settings and Design: A hospital-based prospective study was done on 118 BAL samples received in Microbiology laboratory from May 2019-July 2021 from wards for patients with respiratory pathologies. Material and Methods: Samples collected using proper aseptic precautions & sent, within 2 hours of collection were processed using standard procedures for bacterial isolation and species identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing done & reports made as per latest CLSI guidelines. Result: 15.25% samples showed growth. Klebsiella (65.21%), Pseudomonas (30.43%) and Acinetobacter (4.34%) were isolated. Klebsiella species isolated showed 95%, 97% and 98% sensitivity respectively to Cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides & 100% sensitivity towards higher antibiotics like Carbapenems, Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Tetracycline. An Extended spectrum ß lactamase producing Klebsiella species was isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 80%, 85%, 90% and 95% respectively sensitivity to Ceftazidime; Gentamicin, Tobramycin; Amikacin, & 100% to Polymyxins. An isolate of Acinetobacter lwoffii was obtained. It was resistant to Ceftazidime. Conclusion: Knowledge of bacteriological and antibacterial profile of BAL samples helps in judicious use of antibiotics, preventing resistance & also in making local antibiogram to guide empirical therapy.

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of light emitting diode (LED) on in vitro rooting of Moringa oleifera Lam shoots. To achieve this, the vitroplants were grown in MS mod 3B basal medium, supplemented with 20 g/l sucrose and without phytohormones, and subjected to white and red LED light for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that there were significant differences between the LED lights used in terms of the number of roots and the weight of the callus obtained. The white LED gave vitroplants with many roots and reduced callus. Thus, the basic medium MS mod 3B, with 20 g.L-1 sucrose and without phytohormones, and the white LED could be used for a good rooting of M. oleifera in vitro plants.

Education: COVID-19 is a different infection distressing and killing a massive amount of people across the globe every single day. Solitary, to expand health care for these patients is to identify their necessities. Nurses, as an enormous population of health care staff, can be opulent foundations of evidence and involvement on patients’ care essentials. Aim: The purpose of this hypothesis was to discover nurses’ observation about the carefulness requirements of patients with corona virus disease. Methods: Current qualitative examination was implemented using the conservative relaxed investigation method in kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April to June 2020. The applicants of this hypothesis comprised the nurses concerned intended for patients with COVID-19, enrolled by the persistence sampling mode. The data was collected through 100 telephone discussions and examined built on the process suggested by Lundman and Graneheim. Results: Qualitative statistics examination showed six main categories comprising requirement for emotional referring, need for excellence development of facilities, need for progression of statistics, need for enlightening of community provision, requirement for nonphysical care and need for shared well-being. Conclusion: Statistics indicated that patients with COVID-19 were sensitively, bodily, informally, carefully, and mentally pretentious by the infection. Consequently, they should be systematically maintained by health care supervise and additional compassionate classifications.

There is a lack of research regarding the life stressors which male high school and collegiate cross country runners encounter. The Collegiate Student Athlete Life Stress Scale (CSALSS) assess eight life stressor subscales consisting of: performance demands, coach relationships, training adaptations, family relationships, romantic relationships, academic requirements, intrapersonal relationships, and sports injuries. Having an understanding of how these life stressors impact male high school and collegiate cross country runners may provide athletes, parents, and coaches with insight regarding the nature of how these athletes perceive their current life challenges. Purpose: The current study attempted to measure the life stressors which male high school and collegiate cross country runners encounter as assessed by the CSALSS and to determine if differences in the CSALSS subscales exist between the high school and collegiate athletes. It was hypothesized that college cross country runners would have significantly higher scores in the subscales of sports injury, performance demand, coach relationships, and training adaptations. Additionally, it was hypothesized that college student cross country runners' scores on the subscales of academic requirements, intrapersonal relationships, romantic relationships, and family relationships would be similar to high school cross country runners. Methods: Male high school (n=14) and college cross country runners (n=14) completed the CSALSS questionnaire. Independent t-tests were used to compare CSALSS subscales between the high school and collegiate runners (α≤0.05). Results: No differences were found between the high school and collegiate athletes for any of the CSALSS subscales (p< 0.05). The high school and collegiate cross country runners found the subscales concerning sports injuries and academic requirements to be most stressful respectively. Coaching relationships, training adaptations, and interpersonal relationships were the least stressful subscales for these athletes. Conclusion: Within the parameters of this study, male high school and collegiate cross country runners report similar life stressors.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) means any bleeding that is not normal in amount, duration, frequency, and cyclicity. It is a common disorder occurring in reproductive age group females. It can be understood as bleeding that occurs from the uterus outside the normal parameters and there are no structural defects in the genital tract. One of the most common associations with AUB is thyroid dysfunctions. Hence, this study aimed to see the incidence of thyroid-related disorders in AUB and also to assess the menstrual pattern. Methods: A total 145 women suffering from AUB who presented to OPD of the gynecology department of Enam Medical College & Hospital (EMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited in the study. All females in 19 to 45 years of age group with abnormal uterine bleeding were included excluding those with a previously known thyroid disorder, abortion history within 3 months, etc. Thyroid function tests were done in all along with ultrasonography of the pelvis region. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.23.0. and Microsoft office 2007. Results: The bleeding abnormality that was found in most of the women was heavy menstrual bleeding. Out of the 145 patients taken into study 21(14.48%) had thyroid disorders, out of which subclinical hypothyroidism was most prevalent accounting for 16(11.03%) cases, 5(3.45%) cases were found to have hypothyroidism and 2(1.38%) case of hyperthyroidism was detected. Conclusions: Abnormal uterine bleeding has a strong association with thyroid disorders. The most common type of disorder is subclinical hypothyroidism. Thus, all patient of AUB must be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.

Triple-A syndrome, also known as Allgrove syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The classical features of this syndrome are achalasia, adrenal insufficiency, and alacrima. Recently, dental impairment has been the subject of several case reports and reviews. However, this abnormality remains under-diagnosed. We represent the case of a 23-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with Allgrove syndrome at the age of 3. He suffered from many oral manifestations of this syndrome and especially premature loss of permanent teeth.

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is one of the most common problems faced by women in reproductive ages. Most of the time it caused by bacteria, fungi or parasites and many times these infections are sexually transmitted. Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to observe the responses of improvement symptoms and to reduce the risk of complication. Methods: This randomized study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD in Shaheed M. Monsur Ali Medical College and Hospital. Two hundred and nineteen patients were selected with the complaints of vaginal discharge with or without urinary symptoms, pruritus vulvae and lower abdominal pain. Couple were given one day combination kit therapy, containing (Fluconazole 150 mg, Azithromycin 1 gm, Secnidazole 2 gm). They were called after two weeks to know about their outcome of treatment or persisting symptoms. Result: In the study population, 55% women had excellent response for vaginal discharge, 46.8% women had excellent response for urinary symptoms and 62.3% women had excellent response for pruritus vulvae. Most common adverse effects of kit therapy were anorexia 44.54%, metallic taste 32.77% and nausea 38.66%. Conclusion: This strategy has had a considerable impact in decreasing the burden of STD in society with high cure rate for vaginal discharge.

Introduction: Despite being exempt, many Diabetic Muslims observe fasting during the month of Ramadan. We carried out this work to study the impact of this practice on body composition in this group of patients. Material and methods: We studied 176 Moroccan Muslim with type 2 diabetes. The study data were collected through a questionnaire, clinical examination and bioelectrical impedancemetry. The study variables were: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat and visceral fat. Results: All patients who fasted the entire month of Ramadan and who met the study monitoring deadlines have been included. The average age was 57 years +/- 11 years; 79% were women. Despite a similar BMI, there was a reduction in weight (before: 76.85kg +/- 12.8 against 76.21kg +/- 12.8; p = 0.019), body fat (before: 28.43kg +/- 9.3 against 26.72kg +/- 8.3; p = 0.015) and visceral fat (before: 10.41 +/- 3.36 against 9.95kg +/- 3.2; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Ramadan fasting can be practiced in all safety with prior patient education and adjustment therapeutic. It also confers an improvement in the body composition, especially in women.

Mesalazine is a widely used and generally safe drug for the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Neutropenia/ Agranulocytosis rarely complicates this treatment and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Agranulocytosis is characterized by a decrease in peripheral neutrophil count to less 500 /mm3. Most reported cases presented more than three months after the initiation of treatment, and whilst many patients recovered, fatalities were reported. Cessation of mesalazine alone may not be adequate therapy and aggressive management with bone marrow evaluation, high dose of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or immunosuppressive therapy may be indicated. We report here the case of a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed an asymptomatic agranulocytosis during treatment with mesalazine and having spontaneously regressed after stopping treatment.

Ethnomedicine is currently practiced in Egypt, where has been documented by ethnobotanical surveys. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate phytochemistry and antibacterial potential of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of P. juliflora cultivated in Matruh region with a view to considering their contribution to human health. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals screening of pods and leaves was carried out. Five pathogenic bacteria were selected as recipients including four Gram-negative and one Gram-positive bacteria. Chocolate and blood agar solid media were applied for agar diffusion method. Extracellular proteins before and after treatment were measured and total protein assay was performed. Cytological effect of the ethanolic extracts was investigated via TEM. Phytochemical screening provides the occurrence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, tannins and terpenes in pods and leaves ethanolic and aqueous extract. In agar diffusion experiment, data showed that pod ethanolic extract (5%) was more active than the other three types of extracts. The extract elicited a decrease in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in culture medium in comparison to the control. Both pods and leaves ethanolic extracts showed a decrease in the extracellular protein content of the tested S. aureus compared with control. TEM showed that pod ethanolic extract affected the growth of S. aureus cells. It caused severe damage in the cytoplasmic membrane and also the cell wall. The present study concluded that the pods and leaves extracts of P. juliflora possesses antibacterial potential against target bacterial type cultures.

In Nigeria today, the justice system is characterised by the bench trial only. Several other jurisdictions practice the jury trial or trial by jury; which seems to be a better system of justice especially in criminal trials. The jury system was once practiced in Lagos but was abolished after a couple of months by the military government. Trial by jury system has often been condemned by many as trial by a body of laymen who could easily be compromised. Corruption in the judiciary is something Nigeria is still battling with and it is perceived by many that introducing the jury system would only up the level of corruption in justice and it would finally be a case of the highest bidder getting "justice". However true this notion may be, several other countries practice the jury system without issues of corruption. What are these countries doing? What systems have they adopted to have a near perfect jury system? These and other questions are what Nigeria should be deliberating on in considering the possibility of adopting a jury system. A study of a few select jurisdictions is discussed in the paper and it is hoped that the recommendations at the end of this paper would be useful in having Nigeria adopt and practice a jury system without hitch.

This study aims to describe instructional leadership, interpersonal communication, discipline and teacher performance and analyze the relationship (1) transformational leadership with teacher performance; (2) interpersonal communication with teacher performance; (3) transformational leadership with teacher discipline; (4) interpersonal communication with teacher discipline; (5) discipline with teacher performance; (6) transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher discipline; (7) interpersonal communication with teacher performance through teacher discipline. Using this type of quantitative research with a research sample of 117 school principals and kindergarten teachers in the Landasan Ulin Subdistrict who were selected randomly. The results showed: (1) transformational leadership, interpersonal communication, work discipline is in the high classification and teacher performance is in the medium classification; there is a relationship: (2) transformational leadership with teacher performance of 0.106; (3) interpersonal communication with teacher performance is 0.181; (4) transformational leadership with teacher discipline of 0.262; (5) interpersonal communication with teacher discipline is 0.233; (6) discipline with teacher performance of 0.536; (7) transformational leadership with teacher performance through teacher discipline of 0.143; (8) interpersonal communication with teacher performance through teacher discipline is 0.131.