Bilateral breast tumors can be either synchronous or metachronous. Synchronous breast tumors account for 0.2-2% of all breast cancers and have a poorer prognosis when compared to metachronous and unilateral tumors. Phyllodes tumor, benign or malignant, may be rarely associated with ductal/lobular carcinoma in-situ and less often with invasive lesions. Here we report a rare case of synchronous malignant phyllodes tumor in left breast and invasive ductal carcinoma in right breast, which were diagnosed on routine mammogram and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Extensive literature search showed two case reports of co-existence of benign phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma as synchronous tumors in contralateral breasts. No case reports of malignant phyllodes tumor and invasive ductal carcinoma as synchronous tumors in distinct breasts was found and our case is the first one to be reported. Such synchronous co-existence warrants a strict follow up of the patient with further investigations to rule out another primary cancer and also screening of other family members.

Computational linguistics is a subject closely related to contemporary science and technology. The research results of computational linguistics have been applied in machine translation, information retrieval, natural language man-machine interface, and other important fields. At the same time, with the development of machine translation, problems have also emerged. This paper find out some deficiencies of machine translation and post-editing strategies from the comparison between Youdao translation and manual translation of Report on the Work of the Government 2021. Machine translation is ultimately a linguistic problem. In post-editing, translators should pay attention to context, logical relationships, four-word phrases, and so on.

Physical activity plays a vital role in the prevention and treatment of Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Hayes and Kriska, 2008). During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity is shown to be imperative in helping support a strong immune system (Chastin et al., 2021) and patients with COVID-19 who have been consistently physically inactive have a significantly higher risk of severe outcomes than patients who were doing some activity (Sallis et al., 2021). Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate the sufferer’s perception of physical inactivity and its social determinants among people with diabetes. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants with diabetes aged 40-60 years old living in the UAE in June-July 2021. The barriers of physical activity were explored through in-depth, semi-structured, audio-taped interviews. Barriers for physical inactivity were grouped around five themes: (1)Life-altering COVID-19: the pandemic that changed the world (2)Social and cultural norms: Islamic faith and family are the two most important influences among Arabs (3)Fatigue: prolonged sitting (due to long commute and sedentary jobs) and in some participants post-viral fatigue syndrome due to COVID-19 infection (4)Fear of illness: due to hyperthermia and comorbidities (5)Impact of lockdown. The prevalence of physical inactivity is high among Arabs. Weather restrictions and cultural obligations may lead to reduction in physical activity levels. Therefore, meeting physical activity guidelines can reduce the risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes among infected adults and is likely to prevent increases in diabetes incidence in this population.

A descriptive survey approach was used in this study to investigate preservice teachers' gender-stereotyped beliefs and perceptions of gender-stereotyped classroom practices. Participants included 422 preservice teachers (196 males and 125 females) from Tumu College of Education in Ghana. The participants were chosen using a convenience sampling technique. The Teacher's Gender Stereotype Questionnaire, adapted from Ifegbesan (2010), was completed online by participants. To answer the questions asked, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. According to the findings of the study, pre-service teachers have positive gender stereotypes beliefs, and perceptions of gender-stereotyped classroom behaviors. There were also significant differences in gender-stereotype beliefs among pre-service teachers based on sex, age, and academic level. Correlation analyses demonstrate significant relationships among age, sex and academic level, and gender-stereotyped belief. Multiple regression analysis found that gender, academic level, and age are all predictors of perceptions of gender stereotype beliefs. The study's implication is the need of educating pre-service teachers about gender stereotypes. There is also a need for gender-sensitive knowledge and pedagogies to be integrated into teacher education curricula.

Background: Cesarean sections have been a part of human history from the beginning of time. There are legends from both western and eastern civilizations of this technique leading to live mothers and children. In today's obstetrics practice, pregnant women who have had cesarean sections in the past are becoming more commonplace. There are proven hazards to the mother's health following a cesarean section in subsequent pregnancies, such as placenta praevia or rupture of the uterine scar. Premature birth, low birth weight, and perinatal mortality have also been linked to it. Because of the risk of harm to the surrounding structures, repeat cesarean sections are extremely difficult to perform. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC) of patients admitted into a tertiary level hospital. Methods: It was prospective, non-randomized, and observational, which involved interviewing all pregnant patients admitted in Gynae and Obstetric Department of RMCH with a history of one or more cesarean sections were included in this study. Results: Out of 50 cases mean age of the study population was 26.92±4.67. Eighty-four percent of study subjects received a regular antenatal check-up during their present pregnancy. A maximum number of 29 patients (58%) had BMI < 20. Before VBAC 40% of subjects had previous vaginal delivery followed by cesarean section, 4% of subjects had previous cesarean section followed by vaginal delivery, and 56% of subjects had only one delivery by caesarean section. All the caesarean sections were done due to nonrecurrent causes. Bishop's scoring during admission for present pregnancy was the highest number i.e., 30(60%) had dilatation ≥4 cm, 60% of the subjects had ≥80% effacement. Women presenting with established labor had a greater chance of successful VBAC. Most of the patients 39 had spontaneous onset of labor while in 11 cases were induced. Eighty-six percent underwent VBAC successfully, and 14% of cases failed to undergo VBAC. Six subjects (12%) had undergone caesarean section. During caesarean section, peritoneal adhesion (83.33%), bladder adhesion with lower segment (66.67%), liquor-stained amniotic fluid (66.67%), cord around the neck (33.33%) were found. It was observed that the majority (76%) of the neonates were born with a birth weight between 2.5 to 3 kg, and 92% of the neonates had an APGAR score 7 at 1 min and 10 at 5 min. Only 2 neonates died after VBAC, but they died a few hours after admission in the Neonatal ward. The mother of these two neonates was in a prolonged 2nd stage of labor on admission. Peripartum hysterectomy was done in one case due to extension of cervical tear up to the body of the uterus following precipitate labor. The average length of hospital stay was about 24 hours. after delivery for most (86%) of the mothers (after VBAC), whereas only 2% stayed for more than 5 days (who underwent peripartum hysterectomy). Conclusion: From the Study, it could be concluded that if a mother fulfilled the criteria, VBAC could be attempted as it has a few maternal and fetal complications. If risk factors are identified and proper antenatal care is given, VBAC could be successfully undertaken without any grave maternal and fetal outcomes.

The application of various Sukuk enhances infrastructural, financial, and economic development. Therefore, the usage and growth of Sukuk (A Shariah Compliant Islamic Bond) as a capital market instrument has shown impressive progress over the past few decades across Muslim as well as non-Muslim countries. Moreover, Sukuk based on profit sharing contract is much more beneficial than the interest-based bond, which dampens inequality, suppression, and speculation in the economy. However, the adoption of Sukuk depends much more on the country’s investor philosophy, infrastructural, and economic situation. Possibly, the capital market of Bangladesh with lack of Shariah-compliant instruments as well as majority investors from Islamic background is in severe need of Sukuk to overcome and satisfy the investment comfortability. Unfortunately, the system is not ready to accept such inception in terms of legal, regulatory, and human capital perspective. Therefore, this paper critically evaluates those challenges, prospects of Sukuk in Bangladesh and propose a Sukuk structure to be applied in Bangladesh considering its jurisdictions, investors, and economic circumstances.

The diagnosis of genetic conditions leads to the identification of at-risk family members. However, communicating genetic conditions can be abstract and difficult to comprehend. Therefore, it is important that those who were diagnosed with genetic conditions need to be supported and encouraged to communicate their conditions to their family. The objective of the study is to summarize and examine the effects of complex interventions to increase the communication of genetic conditions to their family members. In searching for relevant studies, various bibliographic databases and Cochrane Library were used. Hand search and additional electronic searches were conducted from 1 January 2000 to 5 March 2017. Data extraction was based on the PRISMA recommendation. Included studies were critically appraised using evidence-based tools and systematically synthesized. Lastly, meta-analysis and sub-analysis were performed. The seven studies included in this review used a complex intervention to increase communication of those diagnosed with genetic conditions. The meta-analysis's overall result (ORs=1.468, 95% CI=1.173-1.837, p<0.001) was statistically significant. This study provided evidence regarding the complex intervention's effectiveness to encourage those diagnosed with a genetic condition to communicate this information to their family members or at-risk relatives.

Background: Placenta praevia is one of the leading causes of antepartum haemorrhage usually responsible for significant maternal & fetal morbidity & mortality. Now a day, there is rising trend of caesarean section with parallel rise in placenta praevia specially the major variety where placenta lies in the lower uterine segment partially or completely covering the cervical os. Objective: To see the maternal and perinatal outcome of ultrasonographically diagnosed cases of major variety of placenta praevia with previous caesarean section. Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive type of observational study conducted in the Obs & Gynae Department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh over the period of six months from July, 2017 to December, 2017. Total 50 patients were selected for this study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and diagnosed as major types of placenta praevia by ultrasonography. A purposive sampling technique was applied for selecting the patient with previous caesarean section. Data analysis was implemented using SPSS version 22. Results: The study result shows that 36% cases were Type III placenta praevia and 52% were central placenta praevia. Among 50 patients 54% patients were presented with history of previous one caesarean section & 32% had previous two caesarean section. 50.0% cases of type III & 80.8% cases of central placenta praevia with previous caesarean section needed peripartum hysterectomy. Out of 50 patients, 11 patients were complicated with urinary bladder injury, PPH occurred in 4 patients & 2 patients needed ICU support. That patient who needed hysterectomy massive blood transfusion was required. In this study no maternal mortality was observed. Regarding fetal outcome, 88% babies were alive & 12% were stillborn. Almost two third (66%) neonates were deliverd before term & 08 neonates were transferred to NICU. Conclusion: Placenta praevia is a matter of concern for the obstetrician due to devastating haemorrhage & adverse maternal & fetal outcome. Patients with major variety of placenta praevia with history of caesarean section are regarded as high risk pregnancy & these patients should be managed in the tertiary level hospital by multidisciplinary approach in presence of skilled obstetrician, expert anaesthesiologist, neonatologist, urologist along with all logistical support.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the world. It constitutes about one fourth of the total number of female cancers patient in our country. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in females in developing countries and first in developed countries. Objective: To assess the level of awareness among the women attending the OPD of DMCH regarding cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among the outdoor patients of Obstetrics & Gynecology wards of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 1st July 2015 to 30th December, 2015. The study period was only 6 months. 95 patients included in your study. The aim of the study is to assess the level of awareness among the women attending the OPD of DMCH regarding cervical cancer. The sample was collected from the women attending GOPD of DMCH by random sampling. The sampling was done to select the patient according to the eligibility criteria. Results: This study age of maximum women was within below 30 years and the minimum numbers of women were from above 30 years out of 100 women. The numbers of women in these two categories were 84% and 16% respectively. The mean age and standard deviation of total study population was 24.184 ±6.63years.Maximum respondents of our study received education up to primary level (43%)followed by illiteracy (31%). Risk factors were mentioned as genital infection (15.79%), OCP (21.93%), multiple sexual partners (10.53%), white discharge (21.93%), repeated MR (12.28%), many children in early age (8.77%), smoking (8.77%). They heard of cancer from various sources such as Uthan boithok (28%), electronic & Print media (27%), Miking of VIA camp (25%). A greater percentage of the sample 91% reported having information on cervical cancer. However, when asked to describe cervical cancer 50% of the respondents could not. Of those who had some information about cervical cancer, a greater percentage (32%) of respondents gave a general description of a bad disease or fatal disease of the uterus which is curable when diagnosed early. Conclusion: Cervical cancer is a common female cancer but apt knowledge regarding the risk factors and prevention way of this disease may show excellent response. Keeping that in mind, the country policy maker took many projects to campaign against cervical cancer to improve the awareness of community people. As female of reproductive age are one of the principle group of sufferer of the disease so the research work was operated on the married, unmarried, widow and divorced women of this age group. This study proved that the awareness regarding the disease just now is almost unsatisfactory.

Disturbed subgrade soil samples were collected from five (5) different erosion sites in Anambra State, Nigeria. In-situ and laboratory tests were conducted to ascertain the biochemical, physicochemical, and geotechnical properties of these samples. The topsoil characteristics were studied differently from the subsoil characteristics. All the samples considered were non plastic (from Atterberg limit tests). The result of relative size of soil particles in Anambra state reveals a higher mean values of sand when compared to silt and clay. The maximum dry density of the soil averaged (1858.19 ± 52.257) kg/m3 and (1866.986 ± 50.298) kg/m3 for the topsoil and subsoil respectively indicating high compaction values. The sodicity (Sodium Absorption Ratio and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage) of the soil was used to measure the dispersiveness of the soil, and the results show that Anambra state soils are highly dispersive, especially the topsoil. Hence, it is highly related to the erodibility of the soils in the zone considered. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that there is a considerable correlation between geotechnical, physicochemical and biochemical properties of the soils in the state with the presence of sodium playing a major role in determining the influential properties.

Handloom fabric forms part of our rich cultural heritage. Odisha is a beautiful state enriched with traditional garments that we drape over the body in various styles. The unique traditional products reflect the essence of traditional way of life. Odisha’s handloom includes towels, dhotis, Saris, dress materials and many others. The blending of knowledge takes place through innovations over a period of time as this informal knowledge system evolves, adapts and transforms dynamically with time with materials, process and skill. The study is conducted in Bhulia-dominated villages of Sonepur district of Western Odisha. Basically the study revolves around the various reasons which have impact on the traditional knowledge and skill of the weaving community. The handloom weavers use their indigenous knowledge in the entire weaving process which they have learnt from their parents. We have seen many changes in the weaving and allied handloom works today with the invention of various developed instruments and techniques. The entire tasks they do today are the accumulation of their experiences they have gained inside and outside of the community. Many handloom processes like dyeing, tying, winding, warping and street sizing process are doing with some modification. It helps the weavers to progress the handloom weaving and to increase their household economy.

The most cost effective, essential component for the growth and development as well as to reduce the infant mortality, is breastfeeding, which is often disrupted due to lack of confidence, improper positioning for latching, breast pain, perception of insufficient milk supply etc. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration versus video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice of breast feeding technique among primipara. Methodology: 60 primipara were selected through purposive sampling and divided into group I and group II among which lecture cum demonstration and video assisted teaching regarding breastfeeding technique were applied consecutively. The data were collected by using structured questions and observational checklist. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The effectiveness of lecture cum demonstration versus video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice of breast feeding technique among primipara was computed by paired‘t’ test. Comparison between the lecture cum demonstration and video assisted teaching was not significant.

Nowadays the general idea is that grammar has a pivotal role to play in language learning and teaching. English grammar instruction is extremely important for the English learners. However, prescriptive and deductive approaches to English grammar teaching have proved ineffective and boring, because the grammar of a language is acquired not through imitation but through abstracting a set of grammatical rules from language data. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to introduce an inductive approach to English grammar teaching that will help the students to rediscover their subconscious grammar knowledge and bring it to their consciousness, and to show how it is applied in the classroom. At the same time the merits and demerits of this approach are discussed meticulously and elaborately to help the teachers to use this approach in an effective manner in the classroom.

This paper presents Parsis as a minority community who feel sense of insecurity, anxiety, atrophy and threat in a dominated culture in different time periods. Rohinton Mistry's novels deal with the life of Indians who suffer from communal disharmony, religious Chauvinism, ethnicity and cultural diversities. Such a Long Journey records the anxieties, uneasiness, problems and the distinct identity of a Parsi community within the boundary of India and tried to preserve the ethnic identity of the community. The novel mainly focus on realistic picture of the minority community like Parsis who became the victims of the political uncertainties. Mistry raises some problems of community and cultural crisis which are the main issues under the subaltern studies. There is a message that race, ethnicity or majority are controlling factors on the ideology and cultural make up of particular place where cultural diversity exists. The drift between ethnic culture and majority culture often gives rise to unrest in the national life as well as social structure. It is necessary to steam out the hatred, religious chauvinism and misconceptions through proper channels.

Background: Al-Hijama is an ancestral treatment option used in different societies for the cure of various diseases. Depression is now become epidemic in in several countries. Objectives: In this pilot study we have investigated the probable effects of Al-Hijama on improving depression symptoms with the score of geriatric depression scale (GDS) in local population. Methods: 132 eligible participants were enrolled in this open label single arm pre and post clinical trial for 3 months. Depression was assessed by using geriatric depression scale (GDS) before and after Al-Hijama therapy. Results: The mean score of depression calculated by GDS in study group were 8.95 ± 2.09 before intervention and 6.05 ± 1.54 after one month and 4.63 ± 1.47 after 3 months of continue Al-Hijama sessions. The decrease in depression scale between pre and post intervention was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Our study showed statically significant improvement in depression after Al-Hijama therapy. In future more studies should be conducted on larger scale to assess the effectiveness of this treatment option.