Background: Wound sepsis continues to be a bugbear of emergency abdominal surgery where the producer is often inevitably performed on infected tissue. Wound infection causes prolongation of convalesces, prolonged hospital stay, permanent disability, economic loss, production of dangerous focus of infection in the ward, ugly scar and it is intimately related to the fame of the surgeon. The aim of the study was to evaluate aetiopathological of surgical site wound infection after caesarean section. Methods: The study was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal, Bangladesh to evaluate the Aetiopathological of surgical site wound infection after caesarean section. A total of 100 cases were chosen by random sampling with different maternity units from September 2007 to August 2008. The results were statistically analyzed with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24). Results: Serosanguineous and foul smelling wound discharge were present in 70% of the cases. Culture of wound discharge showed growth in 67% of the cases and the organisms responsible for most wound infections originated on the patient’s skin. Staphylococcus aureus was the organism most commonly isolated. Escherichia coli was found as the second most common organism, followed by Pseudomonas, klebsiella, pneumonia, actinobacter and proteus. Conclusions: Proper operative site skin preparation (e.g. with povidone iodine) which greatly contributes to reduction of wound infection. Personal cleanliness, smooth gentle handing of tissues, proper haemostasis are all-important. This is possible only by careful surgeons.

Background: Choosing the specialty considered a problem for many dental students. Multiple factors affect their future decision regarding their gender, clinical skills, desire or interest, and family or relative influence. Most of the previous studies reported that the most popular specialties chosen were orthodontics and oral maxillofacial surgery. Moreover, the importance of establishing a mentoring program that guides the dental students to make the right choice according to their own desire, to get more stable and life-long statistician. Aim of the study: identify the different influencing factors that affect future decision-making about dental specialties post-dental graduation. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at UQUDENT in Makkah, KSA. The sample size collected from total population is 251students, 51.2% from male students and 48.8% from female. The data will collect by using self-administration; structured survey included close ended questions. The data was entered and analysed by using multiple software programs. Results: we found that the private practice was the most preferable future practice plan among the dental students. In addition, the majority of dental students show great interest in restorative dentistry. The strongest influencing factor among the students was personal desire/interest, and the lowest was Influence of family or relative.

Profiling and selection of judokas implies adequate analysis of anthropometric characteristics and physical status. Based on good detection, analysis and projection of these parameters, it is possible to define the athlete model, where the scope and nature of anthropometric profiling depend on the primary purpose of measurement. Most often, the identification of talent or the orientation of athletes to morphologically appropriate disciplines depends on the identification of relatively unchanging characteristics, comparing them with reference data. Profiling includes skin folds, circumference, length and width of bones, body composition. To monitor morphological adaptation, the focus should be on variable characteristics, such as muscle mass and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Our competitor had a higher body height (186 cm), body weight (118.6 kg), muscle mass (70.4 kg), water percentage (47.6%), higher fat percentage (37.5%). The results lead to the conclusion that it is an endo-mesomorphic somatotype with significant ectomorphism, where adipose tissue with synchronization of motor abilities proved to be a favorable and not a disruptive factor of the result success.

In this research, various factors that arose as a result of the global confinement and the performance of work, academic and professional activities in remote environments were analyzed. The Home Office has been not just a resource, but a daily activity for new activities. Having the need to work remotely represents a significant 85.7% of the surveyed universe, while 9.8% did so partially and only 4.5% had to work at their work site. Work activities were balanced in the sample measure. Having a specific space to work is a trend in people. The main problems that has arisen were: 1) Family disruption, 2) Lack of or failures in connectivity, 3) Noise, 3) Having a defined physical space to carry out activities. Teamwork can be favored, however, some of the respondents consider that it is not feasible to facilitate it. The biggest challenges are monitoring activities, improve productivity and optimize communication and connections. The great challenges and needs for companies is to provide the appropriate tools and train staff in the use of new resources. One fourth did not have access to these resources from the company and another similar amount, they barely had access to the basics to carry out their activities. Given the situation, labor thinking and new trends indicate that a combination of activities in the workplace and at home will be the optimal modality, since a large majority think this way. The new challenges focus on establishing new models of productivity and performance evaluation, generating new organizational dynamics and training in the use of efficient tools.

Over fifty years after his assassination, there still hovers over Nigeria, a picture that leaves within the horizon the impression that the regime of the first Military Head of State in Nigeria was boring and unproductive. Similarly, there is a seemingly maliciously propagated impression that the Supreme Military Council under General Ironsi had no clear-cut agenda and policy for the economically disarticulated Nigeria in 1966. Contrary to these, researches have revealed that General Ironsi’s regime laid a good foundation for not only the peaceful coexistence of Nigerians, but also for the economic, political and diplomatic progress of the country. Using mostly primary and secondary sources of historical data, this study undertakes a post-mortem assessment of General Ironsi’s contributions to nation building efforts and concludes that, if properly followed, General Ironsi’s policies and achievements in the political and economic sectors in Nigeria were to serve as stimulants, as well as springboards for successive military and democratic leaders in Nigeria. Unfortunately, the obvious culture of discontinuation of policies by successive African leaders exerted ugly consequences on Nigerian citizens whose socio-political conditions became worse than it was between January and July 1966. The General’s sincere effort to create an integrated and unified nation laid the foundation for other laudable political, economic and diplomatic reforms of the regime and in turn, created a background for understanding the propitious implications of the recent call for a restructured Nigeria.

Demand for freight to be transported by road increases in many countries, around the world. Consequently, we should determine an interval of vehicle velocities of minimal dynamic effects on a mixed bridge. For this, we describe the dynamic behavior of the type vehicle 12-b on the steel-concrete bridge by combining the model equations of bridge, apron and vehicle and propose a framework in which the overall model equations is solved using the newmark method. In this approach, a criteria of limited deformation on the mixed bridge is required from eurocode 4 to examine the vehicle velocities that lead to minimal dynamical effects. The sensitivity analysis is experimented and this provides a number of admissible velocities of the type vehicle 12-b that satisfies the requirements of our steel-concrete mixed bridge. This type of operation is of great importance in the monitoring of a bridge at the stages of its design, construction or maintenance. Monitoring is an essential step prior to any other management action, and in the context of this monitoring, the measurements represent important issues. This is particularly true for the two special surveillance actions, which are enhanced surveillance and high surveillance; in the latter case, measurements on structures even constitute an essential condition for the very existence of high-level surveillance, because they alone are capable of giving precise information in real time on the unfavorable development of a structure.

Ancient documents play an important role in history. Various information regarding the literature, tradition and culture is kept in these documents. These heaps of documents are degraded because of some climatic circumstances, low quality and inappropriate holding. This paper reviews on the techniques used to retrieve the necessary content from these ancient documents. The techniques include preprocessing, image binarization, thresholding methods and post processing methods. Further, during scanning the document it can get corrupted with some unwanted lines or signals termed as noise that should be eliminated.

Background: To investigate the effect of physical activity and sports on the academic performance of higher education students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during the academic years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Methods: A 15-item internet-based survey was distributed among students - both members and non-members of Jeddah Runners Club (JRC) - studying in public and private universities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The survey collected participants’ information such as demographic details, important habits, sport and physical activities, and GPA scores. Responses reached a total of (N=425) male %87.3 (N= 371) and female %12.7 (N=54) and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS. Results: Results show that there is a significant negative linear relationship between the time students spend doing no physical activity and their GPA scores (β = -0.28, P<0.05). However, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between GPA scores and the time spent in sports or physical activity (β = 0.12, P<0.05). Similarly, the time students spend in sports or physical activity in their colleges also positively affects their academic performance (β = 0.10, P<0.05). Ultimately, the more time spent in doing sports or physical activity in or outside their colleges, the better they achieve in their academic performance. Conclusion: The more time spent in physical activity or sports in or outside colleges, the better academic performance will be. Public physical activities and sports are highly welcomed by the Saudi community. Saudi women have shown an increasing interest in doing public physical activities and sports.

Sensing of channel to detect the presence of primary to provide the vacant band to secondary users we use the Energy Detection Technique Algorithm in Cognitive Radio. The simulations of a proper coding to detect or shows the all kind of requirements like Presence of primary and secondary and level of noise and level attenuation The behaviors of Energy Detection Scheme in Cognitive Radio is mainly depends upon three parameters like Probability of Detection, Likelihood of False discovery, Probability of Miss recognition is likewise enhancing by utilizing the created MATLAB codes. Vitality Detection Technique is best strategy for cognitive Radio for low SNR.

Introduction: A woman’s healthy state influences people around her with implication for the larger society. A woman’s quality of life is of importance to enhance fulfilment of responsibilities associated with her various roles. Therefore, the study examined the health seeking behaviour, described the health related quality of life and determined the relationship that exists between the health seeking behaviour and health related quality of life of female traders. Methodology: Cross sectional research design was adopted to gather data from six hundred female traders systematically selected in the largest open market in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. A questionnaire was utilized for data gathering. Institutional review board approval was obtained for the study. Results: Findings from the study showed that 65.3% of respondents had poor health seeking behaviour (HSB) and 54% had good health related quality of life (HRQOL) among this category of women. The result also showed a positive statistically significant relationship (r = 0.10, p <0.05) between health seeking behaviour and health related quality of life of female traders. Discussion: Among female market traders; health seeking behaviour was positively correlated with their health related quality of life.

Background: To about 15% to 25% of early pregnancies have vaginal bleeding? Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy affects 50 % of pregnant women, although the event may be controlled in various methods that alleviate the woman's concern. Pregnancy-related vaginal bleeding should be taken carefully. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy might be a sign of an approaching miscarriage or a problem that requires immediate attention. If you know the most frequent reasons for vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, you will be able to act quickly and effectively. Methods: The study was a descriptive observational one with a sample size of 100 patients and was performed at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The study period was 15th July 2013 to 16th January 2014. Results: Among the 100 patients in this study maximum was within 21 to 30 years (53%). In most cases (57%), heavy bleeding was present in 15% of patients. Patients with heavy bleeding had a positive history of pain (80%), but the amount was reduced in the light or spotting group (61.18%). Fifty-seven percent of patients experienced bleeding for 2 to 3 days. Most patients (43%) reported bleeding during 8 to 10 weeks of gestation. This study showed that early pregnancy PV bleeding is more common in multigravida patients. History of stillbirth, IUD or abortion was proved to be strong predictors. DM and anaemia were found to be important associated diseases. In this study, 91% of patients were diagnosed as a case of abortion. Ectopic pregnancy was present in 5% of patients, and only 4 patients were found to have a molar pregnancy. In patients with abortion, incomplete is the maximum one (56.04%), next missed (23.08%), and threatened (14.28%). Complete was present in 6.59% of patients. 69.23% of patients continued their pregnancy in case of threatened abortion with a conservative. But 23.08% converted to incomplete and 7.69% to missed. Missed abortions were successfully treated with vaginal misoprostol in 38% of patients. Evacuation & curettage was done in 78.43% of patients with incomplete abortion, and patients with less bleeding and stability (21.57%) were given oral misoprostol. This was effective in 63.63% of patients. All 5 cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated with laparotomy, and in molar pregnancy cases, the only treatment was suction, Evacuation and curettage. Conclusion: The findings of this study, despite its limitations, give crucial new information regarding early pregnancy bleeding, including statistics on the timing, heaviness and length, color, and overall number of episodes. Pregnancy outcomes will be examined as a possible link between bleeding episodes and early pregnancy biology, placental pathophysiology, and pregnancy outcomes.

The external covering of egg is called eggshell. Chicken eggshell is composed of calcified egg shell as well as shell membrane. Its total weight is 10-11 % as compared to whole egg weight. Eggshell is an important structure for two reasons. Firstly, it act as an embryonic chamber during development of chick, secondly it act as a container and provide protection to the contents of egg and a unique container for the market egg. Despite its remarkable properties it is very often discarded from homes, restaurants, farms and factories. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell as calcium source in chicks, stressing the need to use a egg shell as a calcium source instead to use other sources. Hen eggshell is chemically composed of 65.6 % water, 11.8 % proteins, 11% fat and 11.7 % Ash. The shell consists of 97% calcium carbonate, and this is provided to the hen in the diet. However, the chemical must be broken down in the digestive system and then re-synthesized in the shell gland to form the shell. The shell of egg is the best sources of calcium then other sources like limestone. Calcium has an important role in formation of hard eggshell in hens. The calcium played a role in eggs quality as well as bone mineralization. Deficiency of calcium leads to minimize bone strength, egg weight and egg production.

Soil characteristics and crop maturation are some of the most important factor that determined the engineering properties of agricultural products. In this study, the mechanical properties of plantain (Musa paradisiaca) fingers were determined under two soil treatment conditions and five maturity stages. The plantain plants were cultivated under two soil treatment methods, which were organic and inorganic treatments. The results revealed that soil condition had significant (P ≤0.05) effect on all the mechanical parameters investigated. The findings of the study revealed that the mechanical parameters of the organic produced plantain fingers were higher, when compared to the mechanical properties of fingers produced with inorganic soil treatment. The results further displayed that there were increment in the mechanical behaviours of the plantain fingers, as the maturation period increased from maturity stage 1 to maturity stage 3, before they started to decline to maturity stage, irrespective of the soil treatment applied. According to the results plantain fingers harvested matured but unripe (stage 3) can withstand the postharvest operations. Data obtain from this study will help engineers in designing and fabrication of systems for the mechanization of plantain production.

Background: Medical students are constantly exposed to stress which when present in a small amount is beneficial as it brings out the potential of the student; but a lot of stress is injurious to the well being of the student as it exerts a negative effect on the mental health, physical health and academics of the student. Objective: To study stress, anxiety, and depression levels perceived by the 1st year M.B.B.S students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at Andhra Medical College from November 2020 to December 2020. This Study included 1st year M.B.B.S Students who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were willing to give consent. Information regarding Age, Gender, Place of residence (hostel/day scholar), Motivation to take M.B.B.S course (Self-interest / Family pressure), Socioeconomic status using Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale were collected. DASS -42 questionnaire was given to the students which was used to assess the stress, anxiety, and depression levels. The data was entered into Excel 2016 and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis. Independent t-test and ANOVA tests were used to find the association between socio-demographic characteristics and DASS scores. Results: A total of 108 1st year M.B.B.S students participated in the study, belonging to the age group 18 – 20 years. The percentage of females was 55.6%. 95.4% of the students took the course with self–interest. 57.4% of students were residents of the hostel. The mean stress, anxiety and depression score was found to be 12.45 ± 5.92, 4.98 ± 2.81, 5.31 ± 3.42 respectively in this study. In this study, 49% of students were found to be in the mild stress category. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of stress and a considerable amount of anxiety and depression among 1st year M.B.BS students. A student help desk comprising of a psychologist, psychiatrist, parent representative and a senior faculty member can be formed who will help the students in addressing their negative emotional states.

The problem of low commitment of science teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria has been an issue of serious concern. Perhaps factors such as demographic indices of teachers could be responsible but have not been given adequate attention in literature. This study was carried out to investigate demographic indices as predictor of science teachers' job commitment in Ogun state. Four objectives consisting of two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive research design was employed. Study population included 172 principals and 2,617 science teachers. Sample of 90 principals and 882 science teachers were used. Researcher-constructed questionnaires titled "Demographic Indices and Teachers' Job Commitment Questionnaire‘(DIQ)’ ‘(r = 0.79)’and (JCQ)" (r = 0.82) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Results showed poor (bad) good teaching experience (x̅ = 2.785) and professional competence (x̅ = 2.625) and low level of science teachers' commitment to their job (x̅ = 2.104). Results also showed significant joint contribution of demographic indices on science teachers' job commitment (F3, 86 = 3.019). Furthermore, the predictors that had individual significant influence on science teachers' job commitment are good teaching experience (β = .191; t = 3.121) and professional competence (β = .169; t = 3.132) in public secondary schools in Ogun State. It was recommended among others that educational stakeholders should try their best possible to improve demographic indices in order to increase science teachers' job commitment.