To better the quality and efficiency of education, and to enable education and training to become a top-level national policy, the foundation and driving force for national industrialization and modernization, our Party has advocated a comprehensive reform of education and training, especially a full awareness of Ho Chi Minh's educational philosophy in the on-going educational revival. This paper presents some of Ho Chi Minh’s important philosophies of education, and the current application of those philosophies to renovate the management of general education for ethnic minority areas by some mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam.

Background: Piperacillin/Tazobactam(Pip/Taz) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial covering aerobic, and anaerobic microorganisms. Pip/Taz plays a major role in treating sepsis, respiratory infection, and intraabdominal infection. Many studies showed inappropriate use of Pip/Taz might increase the risk of resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness use of Pip/Taz prescribing in pediatric patients in Peidatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at a major tertiary hospital. Method: A retrospective and observational study was conducted to evaluate the appropriateness use of Pip/Taz in PICU. The study included all neonates and pediatrics less than 14 years old in the PICU setting who had received at least dose of Pip/Taz during their admission for the period between Jan 2020 and Jan 2021. Assessment of antimicrobial appropriateness was evaluated according to Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines. Data were retrieved from the hospital’s Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) and exported to Excel spreadsheet. Results: Of 124 Pip/Taz prescriptions, 34% were inappropriate. The common indications for using Pip/Taz empirically were with sepsis and suspecting of pneumonia. The reasons for inappropriate use of Pip/Taz were due to continue using the drug based on clinical condition even the results of cultures had no growth of organisms 71%, then starting the drug without taking culture 14%, then the drug continued without justification despite culture resulted with no growth 10%, and finally continued without following sensitivity 5%. Conclusion: This study showed that there was inappropriate use of Pip/Taz at PICU. The inappropriate use was attributed to not following the lab results, culture sensitivity and not requesting microbiology culture.

Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO), also known as Ophthalmic Zoster, caused by the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), VZV reactivation commonly affects the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve and subsequently the eye. HZO is considered an ophthalmologic emergency. The most common complication of HZO is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). HZO is a diagnosed based on history and cutaneous findings. Antivirals medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir remain the mainstay of therapy for HZO. HZO represents approximately 10 to 25% of all cases of herpes zoster. Here, we report an interesting case of HZO and it's complication PHN in a 61 years old male patient.

Solanaceae is family of plants widely used in food, sauce and herbal medicine because its members are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts and other trace and essential nutrients like phenols and flavonoids that retard degenerative diseases and stress. Knowledge on purposeful use of solanaceae in food and medicine in Uganda is low. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves of three selected solanum genera growing in Kabale were compared for their polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties. Total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods respectively. Antioxidant properties and radical scavenging were determined using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, thiocyanate-iron (III) complex and iron (II)/(III)-linoleic acid systems. The polyphenol content of dry leaves of S. anguivi was 1750 ± 0.70, that for S. macrocarpon was 104 ± 0.45 and S. nigrum was 97.80 ± 0.15 GAE/g yet the flavonoid content was 7.40 ± 0.30, 35.00 ± 0.60 and 16.40 ± 0.40 mg/QE/g for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum respectively. The DPPH scavenging at IC50 were 7.80 ± 0.25; 45.60 ± 0.30 and 42.90 ± 0.20 respectively yet hydrogen peroxide scavenging at IC50 stood at 6.89 ± 0.15; 27.00 ± 0.35 and 17 .90 ± 0.20 μg/mL in the respective order for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum. The available data suggests the plants are very good food supplements of high nutritive and chemotherapeutic values. However, there is need to perform in vivo and vitro experiments to deduce their efficacy on mammals.

Days of Abandonment, Ferrante’s most frequently read novel in English world before My Brilliant Friend, witnesses the establishment of Ferrante’s unique voice. It relates the psychological and physical turmoil of its female protagonist Olga who has been abandoned by her husband. By drawing on Freud’s theory of mourning and loss, as well as Judith Butler’s theorization of ungrievable loss, this paper seeks to lay bare the process of the reconstruction of female subjectivity in Days of Abandonment. It is argued that, by conducting a proper mourning process for the loss of her boundedness with the patriarchal order as represented by her husband Mario, Olga has managed to step out of the patriarchal order and reestablish her connection not only with other human subjects, but also with nonhuman actors as well. And in this posthuman intra-action with materiality of the world, she has rebuilt her identity that initiates her into a more rewarding life.

Background: The auricle is a complex part of the sensory organ, and is made of cartilage that is covered with skin. Its function is to capture sound. This study was aimed at knowing the auricular dimensions in Okrika tribe in Rivers state. Methods: Auricular parameters from 401 Okrika indigens from 18 years and above were measured using standard Vernier calliper. The Parameters were ear height (EH), ear width (EW), lobular height (LH) and the lobular width (LW) for both right and left ears with the head of the subject in Frankfort horizontal plane. Results: Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. All the measured parameters were higher in males compared to females in both left and right ears, implying sexual dimorphism. The mean values of all measured parameters in males were higher on the right compared to the left. Except ear index (T = 0.83; P = 0.41), side differences were observed in all other parameters at P < 0.05. Hence auricular parameters are said to be asymmetrical. In females, the mean values of all measured parameters were higher on the right compared to the left. Except ear index (T = 0.95; P = 0.34) and lobular index (T = 1.30; P = 0.19), side differences were observed in all other parameters at P < 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, we observed that all measured parameters were higher in the right ear than in the left and also larger in males than females. This sex related differences were said to be sexually dimorphic. Therefore this study has provided anthropometric data for the okrika tribe, which will be useful in forensic science and ear reconstructive surgeries.

Herbal teas contain bioactive compounds which have been reported to have beneficial effects in the prevention of various metabolic diseases. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition, functional properties and sensorial attributes of different formulations of mango leaf teas supplemented with Moringa oleifera and ginger powder as supporting and activating herbs using standard analytical methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Data was analyzed using one way analysis of variance and results expressed as mean ±standard deviation of triplicate determinations. The qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycoside. While quantitative analysis revealed that flavonoids ranged from (0.17-0.52 mg/g), tannins (0.07-0.11 mg/g), cardiac glycoside (1.08-1.89 mg/g) and terpenoids (50%-70%). The results obtained for functional properties revealed that pH ranged from (5.94-6.62), reconstitution index (4-6.6 g/cm3), swelling index (0.33-1.33cm3/g), wettability (3.08-3.14 mins), bulk density (0.25-0.29 g/cm3) and water absorption capacity (27.3-31.9). Mean scores of sensory evaluations for taste ranged from: (7.2-8.9), color (7.6-8.5), flavor (7.3-8.3), consistency (7.3-8.4) and overall acceptability (7.9-8.7). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that mango leaf teas supplemented with Moringa oleifera and ginger powder are good sources of bioactive compounds with potential nutritional and health benefits.

Nutrition is essential in ensuring athletes’ optimum sports performance and good health. This study’s objective was to assess the socioeconomic (SE) standards, the nutritional knowledge, and the dietary habits of athletes across three (3) sporting regions in Ghana. Further, this study aimed to examine the relationship between the socioeconomic (SE) standards, the nutritional knowledge, and the dietary habits of athletes. The sample drew from football, hockey and basketball players. Data collection relied on an adapted Dietary Habits and Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire by Paugh, 2005, while examination of the relationships was done using chi-square tests of association, at 0.050 level of significance. The results showed that athletes had reasonably good nutritional knowledge and dietary habits, this highlighted by mean percentage scores of 69.42% and 66.26%, respectively. Assessment of athletes’ socioeconomic standards indicated that 80% lived on GHS1000 or less, per month. There were statistically significant relationships between sex and dietary habits, p=0.001; between sex and nutritional knowledge, p<0.001; between sporting disciplines and dietary habits, p=0.005; and between sporting disciplines and nutritional knowledge, p=0.021. Tests also revealed a statistically significant relationship between socioeconomic (SE) standard and nutritional knowledge, p=0.016. There was no significant relationship between athletes’ level of nutritional knowledge and their dietary habits, p=0.620. Neither did the study establish any relationship between SE standard and dietary habits, p=0.292. This suggests a need for more in-depth exploration of the relationship between the socioeconomic (SE) standards, nutritional knowledge, and dietary habits of athletes.

This study analyses the changes in analyst recommendations in the Malaysian stock market from 2010 to 2018. Using samples of 668 upgrade recommendations and 495 downgrade recommendations, this study employs event study methodology to examine price performance by predicting abnormal returns using the market model. The findings indicate that significant positive stock price reactions occur following upgrade recommendations and significant negative stock price reactions occur following downgrade recommendations over a short-term and up to six-month period. Further analysis reveals no statistically significant difference in performance between analysts who are participants of the Capital Market Development Fund – Bursa Research Scheme (CBRS) and those who are not. This finding implies that, despite the significant market reaction to both upgrade and downgrade recommendations, CBRS’s financial analysts do not provide better analysis than those of non-CBRS analysts.

Background: Immunization remains one of the paramount public health interventions and a cost effective method to reduce both the ailment and death associated with infectious diseases. Uptake of vaccination is dependent not only on providing of the vaccination services but also on other influences including awareness and practice of women. Objectives: To assess tetanus toxoid immunization status of mother’s. In addition, to address the factors influencing their immunization status. Method: Cross sectional study conducted in ten primary health care centers in Baghdad for the period from February until the end of October 2020. Convenient sample of mothers, who had delivered a live baby within the previous 12 months from the study and attended the selected primary health care centers in Baghdad were recruited. An interview questionnaire used to collect data regarding history of tetanus toxoid vaccine up take of the mothers during their last pregnancy. Results: The total number of mothers enrolled in the study was 400, 214(53.5%) of them were received tetanus toxoid vaccine (TTV) during their last pregnancy. 127(59.3%) of the mothers were uptake two doses of TTV. Among the study group, 31.75% of mothers were considered as immunized according to WHO classification. Age of mother, education, and respondents’ working status; alongside with antenatal care attendance and place of delivery all had insignificant impact on the immunization status. Lack of time was the main reason for not vaccination (22.6%). Conclusion: Tetanus toxoid immunization coverage was inadequate. For that reason, immunization campaigns targeting enhanced utilization of immunization services by mothers and women of childbearing age are highly recommended.

Biliary lithiasis is a very frequent and benign pathology but can be the cause of rich and varied symptomatology as well as serious complications. Our study aims to estimate the prevalence and some risk factors of biliary lithiasis and especially to look for the correlation between this pathology and anthropometric measurements. Therefore, we conducted a campaign that included 1358 citizens to perform ultrasound screening for biliary lithiasis, hepatic steatosis, and hydatid cyst. In our study, the prevalence of biliary lithiasis was 19.2%. The average age was 47.7 years with a predominance of women, i.e. a percentage of 76.6%. The risk factors significantly associated with gallstones were abdominal obesity, male sex, and age below 40 years were protective factors, however, neither diabetes nor a history of hypercholesterolemia was associated with the risk of gallstones.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a leading cause of mortality among accidental intoxications, it is responsible for severe tissular hypoxia leading to life-threatening complications. Pregnant women are more at risk to develop severe forms of intoxication due to their physiological changes and their higher oxygen requirements as well as for possible adverse fetal outcomes. We present two cases of monoxide intoxication in two pregnant women with acute heart failure and variant complications with different fetal outcomes.

Curry leaves are an important part of spicing up dishes, thus used for garnishing as well as a taste enhancer. Apart from its culinary uses, it has a vast number of therapeutic applications in medicinal as well as cosmetic uses. Curry leaves, biologically named as Murraya koenigii which belongs to family Rutaceae are also called as Meethi Neem or Karipatta or Sweet Neem Leaves. It has a characteristic aroma. It is an important herb mainly of Asian origin. The present review elaborates the description of curry leaves, its chemical composition and about the bioactive compound β-caryophyllene present in it. β-caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene, it has properties such as inhibition of melanogenesis and can reduce melanin synthesis. Curry leaves cream is formulated for the purpose of reduction of dark spots due to presence of β-caryophyllene present in curry leaves. The product should be safe for regular use and must be cosmetically acceptable.

This article concern on the progress of regional autonomy which existed in Indonesia during pre-colonial, colonial, independence and post-independence periods up to the present. This article is divided into four parts, namely clear description from the background of regional autonomy in Indonesia, a historical review from local autonomy in Indonesia and it's essential likewise to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and its regional autonomy progress according to the rules applied. The regional autonomy system in Indonesia is an essential matter, weighing up that Indonesia is a unitary state that has a large-scale and geographical area, so that it requires the implementation of regional autonomy system that capable to become an extension from central government to ruled their respective territories according to regulations applied.

A study was conducted to know the fertility status of coastal soils of Bangladesh for agricultural planning. Thirty composite soil samples were collected from different locations of Kalapara upazila under Patuakhali coastal district in Bangladesh with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) positions. The soil samples were analyzed for physical properties (moisture, texture, bulk density, particle density and porosity) and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, available sulphur and available phosphorus). The range of moisture contents of collected soils was 24 to 29% and the textural class was silty clay. The bulk density ranged from 1.30 to 1.47 gcm-3. The particle density ranged from 2.31 to 2.49 gcm-3. The porosity of soil samples ranging from 40.96 to 46.06%. The pH ranged from 5.85 to 6.45. The EC value of collected soils ranged from 3.10 to 5.12 dSm-1. The total nitrogen and organic carbon content was low to medium. The exchangeable sodium and potassium content of soils ranged from 9.22 to 18.47 meq 100g-1 and 0.16 to 0.27 meq 100g-1, respectively. The available sulphur and phosphorus content of soils ranged from 17.21 to 33.21 mg kg-1 and 17.12 to 33.09 mg kg-1, respectively. The results revealed that the soils of the study area were slightly to moderately saline and thus the nutrients present in the soils were low to medium level. Hence, salinity problem of soils should be considered before agricultural planning in the study area.