Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is also one of the major causes of morbidity in both developed and developing countries like India. In 2020, total number of new cases in India was 13, 24, 413 and number of deaths reported was 8, 51, 678. Number of cancer cases is on an increasing trend every year. As resources are very few in our country a well-developed cancer registry and statistics would help in identifying the risk factors for various cancers and thereby preventing their occurrence. Objectives: 1) To study the incidence of cancer cases in a tertiary care center with respect to organ system, site, age, gender and type of cancer. 2) To ascertain the leading cancers in a tertiary care hospital and compare the incidence with various other epidemiologic studies. Materials and methods: The present study is a Hospital based Retrospective study done from January 2019 to June 2021 for a period of two and half years in Department of pathology, Andhra medical college. A total of 1760 cases are studied during this period. Various demographic details like age and sex are collected along with site and clinical diagnosis for the study. Data was entered and analyzed using MS excel 2013 and pie charts and frequency graphs were plotted for easy analysis of the data. Results: Out of 1760 cancer patients’ females were 993(56.4%) and 767 were males (43.5%), larger number of the male patients with cancer were in the age group of 51 -60 years and females showed up in the age group of 45 to 55 years. In our study the most common tumors were tumors of Head and neck (oral cavity included) with 491cases (27.89%) followed by cervical cancers with 279 cases (15.8%). In males out of total 767 cases the most common cancer was oral cavity cancers (250cases/32.59%) followed by GIT cancers (140 cases/18.25%) and in females out of 993 cases the most common cancer was cervical cancer(279 cases/28.09%) followed by breast cancers(196 cases/19.73%). Conclusion: The present study emphasizes on burden of various cancers at the level of a tertiary care center. In recent years there is an increasing incidence of cancers in females.

Background: There is no significant change in the maternal mortality ratio and neonatal mortality rate, an analysis of data in the Directorate General of Health Services dashboard shows that since the beginning of the COVID-19 crisis, there is a significant reduction in the uptake of maternal and newborn health services from the health facilities. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate Pregnancy rate of during COVID-19 pandemic: Single center experience in Bangladesh. Method: The present study was prospective observational study of Pregnancy rate of during COVID-19 pandemic in 101 cases of Pregnancy rate in between 18-45 years women with pregnancy, from April 2011 to September 2011. Patients with medical complications like anemia, preexisting hypertension, diabetes, vascular or renal disease, multiple gestations, uterine or fetal anomalies etc. are excluded from the study. Detailed history, physical examinations were carried out and appropriate management instituted as per individual patients need. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22). Results: In table-I shows age distribution of the patients where most of the patients (24.75%) belong to during covid-19 31-35 years age group. Birth distribution of the patients of the months where most of the 8 birth frequency belong to during covid-19 Jun (2020). Conclusion: Continue breastfeeding their baby even if they are infected or suspect being infected as the virus has not been found in samples of breastmilk. Mothers with COVID-19 should wear a mask when feeding their baby; wash hands before and after touching the baby; and routinely clean and disinfect surfaces. The study found that maternal pregnancy rates were higher than during the Covid-19.

This paper sought to investigate the implications of events sponsorship on corporate image. The currency of events sponsorship study is hinged on understanding awareness creating and image transferring capacity, sponsor-event fit dynamics, and viewers' perceptions on corporate image. The Ex post facto research design method was adopted were 180 copies of semi-structured questionnaires were administered to conveniently selected respondents in sports betting shops and shopping malls in Ibadan, Nigeria. The hypotheses formulated were tested with one way ANOVA and Ordinary least square regression method at 5% level of significance. The result shows that there are significant gender differences in viewers’ awareness and perceptions of sponsored events. Also, the study reveals that the attributes of events sponsorship exhibit a strong, positive relationship with corporate image. This study therefore recommends that event sponsors should be cautious in the choice of events to be sponsored as they relate to the contents on display as well as avoid events that are sectional in nature in order to avoid unfavourable brand disposition.

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of acetic acid and alpha-amylase modifications on the physicochemical properties of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (cocoyam) starch. Standard procedures were employed in determining the physicochemical features of the starch. The yield of starch from cocoyam root was 22.30 %. The result showed that of the native and modified starches did not show significant difference in the moisture content, and the swelling capacity of the native and modified starches. The amylose content showed that acetic acid modified starch had significantly (p<0.05) higher amylose content (10.07±0.20 %) than the native and enzyme modified starches. The solubility of the starch was shown to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the native cocoyam starch (3.75 g/g) than in either acetic acid or enzyme modified starch (3.30±0.02 and 3.04±0.01 g/g) respectively. The gelatinization temperature of the starches was found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher in the modified starch (82.51±0.08 and 81.15±0.05oC) than native starch. The water absorption capacity was significantly higher in native starch (6.65±0.12) than in the modified starches (2.14±0.07 and 2.03±0.04 for acetic acid and enzyme modified starches respectively). It is therefore noteworthy that modification of cocoyam starch may present it a worthy resource material for industrial application as such popularising its utility.

Cereals are used as staple food in the world because they provide more energy and important source of vitamins, minerals, protein and carbohydrates. Oat is considered important cereal cultivated in different regions due to its ample source of soluble dietary fiber. Bran is the outermost layer of the grain which contains the appreciable amount of soluble dietary fiber called β-glucan helpful in lowering cholesterol and maintaining glucose level. Due to the health benefits of fibrous material from oat bran it gained more importance globally and has been added in different food items. But incorporation of fibrous material in food items negatively affects the characteristics of product ultimate acceptance. To improve the functionality of fibrous material, different methods are applied such as addition of chemicals and enzymes but they did not gain much popularity because people demand organic foods. So, the current study was designed to improve the functionality of fibrous material through extrusion cooking as it is more effective than other techniques. Proximate analysis expressed that oat bran had moisture, protein, fat, ash and fiber content as 8.25±0.04%, 14.15±0.07%, 6.12±0.05%, 2.50±0.10% and 3.55±0.23%, respectively. Extrusion of oat bran was done by using the barrel exit temperature 120˚C, 140 ˚C and 160˚C, screw speed 100rpm, 150rpm and 200rpm and feed moisture was 20%, 30% and 40%. Extruded bran was investigated for total dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber. Extrusion parameters had showed positively significant (P<0.01) effect on dietary fiber content, β-glucan content and extractable β-glucan content. In conclusion, current research showed that extrusion treatment of oat bran results in increased availability of fiber.

Background: Diabetes promises to be the most daunting public health challenge for India in the near future. The global figures on diabetes, released by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), have raised a serious alarm for India. India is presently home to 62 million diabetics — an increase of nearly 2 million in just one year. By 2030, India's diabetes numbers are expected to cross the 100 million marks. Aim: To evaluate the Anthropometric profile of type II diabetes patients enrolled in a lifestyle modification programme. Material and methods: Present study was a Descriptive longitudinal study carried out among 120 diabetic patients in Ahmednagar district in Western Maharashtra. All patients coming to Urban health centre and known case of type II diabetes on OHA were considered for the study. Patients were followed up upto 12 months. Baseline anthropometric measurement were noted. Age, gender, Weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, Waist to hip ratio were calculated. This patients were told about lifestyle modification skills like, antigravity exercises, diet, deaddiction, yogasanas etc. then they were followed up at 6 months and 12 months. Again anthropometric parameters were measured and final analysis was done. Results: The mean age was 52.60 years (SD=9.52). In present study, anthropometric parameters like weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to hip ratio were observed over a period of 1 year. For this, type II diabetes mellitus patients were included in the study and change in anthropometric parameters were observed at the end of 6th month and then at the end of 12th month. Conclusion: Present study showed that lifestyle modifications play a very important role in manging the anthropometric parameters among obese/ Diabetic patients. Antigravity exercises and diet show very good impact on the physical as well as mental wellbeing of the individual. Lifestyle modifications and skills should be promoted and added as a part of standard treatment protocols in manging the Diabetic cases.

Background: Over the past twenty years, advances in our understanding of tumour biology have led to the development of improved treatment strategies for many cancers. As a result, many patients are living longer with metastatic disease and the incidence of metastasis is continuing to rise. Based on post-mortem findings, approximately 70% of patients with breast or prostate cancer have bone metastases. Commensurate with the increased prevalence of bone metastasis, there is potential for significant comorbidities such as pain, limited mobility, hypercalcaemia, spinal cord or nerve root compression, myelosuppression and pathologic fracture. Therefore, early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment; to allow the implementation of treatment strategies such as surgical fixation, radiotherapy, or bisphosphonate therapy to reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life. Material and methods: The evaluation of diagnostic tests was carried out on50patients in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rural medical college, PIMS (D.U) Loni for duration of 2 years (2019-2021). Study population included all patients referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis for DWIB to look for metastases. The ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee, Rural Medical College and Hospital, Loni. All the patients fulfilling the selection criteria were explained about the purpose of study and a written informed consent was obtained to participate in the study before enrolment. Results: In our study out of 50 patients, 29 were males and 21 females. The most common age group were of 40 to 50 yrs. The sensitivity of DWIBS was 97.87%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 75% and accuracy was 98% in detecting metastases. Conclusion: Present study concluded that MR-DWIBS is useful in detection of metastases in patients with a low level of suspicion and normal or nonspecific and [18F]-FDG-PET/CT finding. DWIBS is a radiological modality devoid of radiation exposure like with [18F]-FDG-PET/CT. MR- DWIBS is a particularly useful modality in diagnosing metastases due to its high specificity, and accuracy as compared to [18F]-FDG-PET/CT.

Background: Although Lung is the primary target organ involvement in corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19), post-covid lung pathology and its impact on lung functions is still uncertain. Material and methods: Prospective multicentric study conducted during May 2020 to September 2021, to find pulmonary function assessment in post-COVID-19 recovered pneumonia cases irrespective of their symptoms, included 600 cases in symptomatic and asymptomatic group and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases were subjected to Spirometry analysis. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-test. Results: In Spirometry assessment of post-COVID-19 pneumonia cases at 12 weeks post discharge form hospital, abnormal lung function in 77.5% post covid-19 pneumonia cases; restrictive pattern was predominant type and documented in 43.33% cases, normal lung functions were documented in 22.5% cases. In age and gender assessment in normal and abnormal lung functions assessment, statistically significant association in males 90/150 versus females 45/315 [p<0.00001]; and in age of population in study cases as below 50 years 110/300 versus above 50 years 25/165 [p<0.0001]. CT severity score has shown negative impact on lung function after recovery at 12 weeks post-discharge; cases with score <8, 8-15 and >15 documented normal and abnormal lung functions as in 36/54, 60/80 and 39/331 respectively of total 600 study cases [p<0.00001]. Duration of illness has associated negative impact on lung function; <7 days, 8-15 days and >15 days of onset of symptoms documented normal and abnormal lung functions in 108/132, 22/168 and 5/165 cases respectively [p<0.00001]. Low oxygen saturation at entry point has negative impact on overall outcome on lung function; cases with oxygen saturation <75%, 75-90% and >90% observed as normal and abnormal lung functions in 92/18, 35/135 and 6/314 cases respectively [p<0.00001]. Timing of BIPAP/NIV has significant association in attaining normal lung functions after post-COVID19 pneumonia recovery; cases received BIPAP/NIV at entry point <1 day, 3-7 days and after 7 days of hospitalization were documented normal and abnormal lung functions in 30/150, 40/35 and 5/50 cases respectively [p<0.00001]. Conclusions: Pulmonary functions abnormality in post-COVID-19 pneumonia cases has been documented and should be assessed cautiously to have successful treatment outcome. Restrictive lung disease is the predominant lung function impairment in post-COVID 19 recovered lung pneumonia cases. Age above 50 years, male gender, Diabetes, High CT severity, longer duration of illness, proper timing of initiation of BIPAP/NIV therapy, has documented significant impact on post covid lung functions at 12 weeks assessment.

Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium sp. is rife in all common bean production areas in Côte d'Ivoire. It causes wilting and/or death of plants and yield losses. Chemical control is the most widely used method against this pathology. But the misuse of this method results in environmental pollution, pathogen resistance and human health problems. The search for an alternative solution to chemical control is necessary. It is in this context that this study was initiated. It aims at assessing in vitro and on-farm the effectiveness of the bio-pesticides ASTOUN 50 EC and NOSTAG 50 EC against common bean fusarium wilt pathogen. For this purpose, in vitro, five (5) doses (100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 µL/L) of each of the two biopesticides were tested by the method of incorporation into the PDA medium. Under natural conditions, the IC90 and MIC of each bio-pesticide were tested. The results showed that the two bio-pesticides completely inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium sp. at doses of 500 μl/L. NOSTAG 50 EC showed an IC90 at 300 μl/L and ASTOUN 50 EC at 400 μl/L. The biopesticides, on-farm, influenced the germination and growth parameters and reduced the wilting of the plants. In short, the 500 μl/L dose of the two biopesticides can be recommended in fusarium wilt control.

Introduction and objectives: Tinea capitis are benign cosmopolitan mycoses caused by dermatophytes. They are frequent in developing countries including Morocco. The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical profile of this pathology at the Avicenna military hospital in Marrakesh. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 4 years (1st January 2016 to 31st August 2019) on 193 suspected ringworm of the scalp consulting the Parasitology Mycology department at the Avicenna military hospital in Marrakesh. All patients underwent direct hair examination, supplemented by culture. Results: The direct examination and the culture made it possible to conclude with a tinea capitis in 112 patients, i.e. an overall prevalence of 58%. The average age of our patients was 7.2 years, with a predominance of men (male / female sex ratio: 3.48). %). The notion of contact with animals was found in 38% of cases. The culture, positive in 78.58% of cases, allowed the isolation and identification of 8 species of dermatophytes: Microsporum (M) canis was the predominant species (71.59%), followed by Trichophyton (T) violaceum (11, 36%), T. mentagrophytes (10.22%), T.rubrum (2.27%), T. verrucosum, T. tonsurans, M. audouinii and T. schoenleinii with a percentage of 1.14% each. We confirm by our study that ringworms are the prerogative of school-aged children. Zoophilic dermatophytes are becoming more and more frequent. This change could be related to a modification of the behavior of the population which adopts more domestic animals. Conclusion: Tinea capitis are a public health problem in Morocco. Mycological examination is essential to make the diagnosis and identify the agents responsible for tinea capitis, thus allowing better therapeutic management.

In Indonesia since the reforms, political participation of women, especially women's representation in decision-making become an important agenda of the government and the legislature. Affirmation and strengthening policies continue to be pursued. In the representation of women in decision-making, of course, one must have followed with a mindset, as well as the ability of the competent. But the fact is, the condition of women's political participation in some Asian developing countries such as Indonesia is still concerning as their participation rates are low due to Social and cultural processes that are more likely to exclude women, especially in government. Therefore, efforts need to change the mindset of society on women's lives. This urges the author to study the problem further in research using a Normative-Juridical Research Method which is literature research. The Result shows that indeed the mindset that men are the one who should be in the seat of government and women stays in the “kitchen” are very deeply rooted in the Indonesian Culture as seen by the fact that in 2014–2019, growth in the number of women as members has stalled, and even gone backward as the proportion of the total, to 97 out of 560, that is 17.3%, therefore efforts is needed substantially, structurally and especially Culturally so that Woman emancipation in politics can be realized.

Background: Fetal biometric measurements of different anatomical structures are valuable in radiological and obstetric practice for the estimation of gestational age, assessment of intrauterine growth and differentiation of normal from abnormal fetuses. Birth weight estimation also depends on different fetal biometric measurements and has tremendous value for neonatal management in terms of appropriate time of delivery, specific obstetric interventions and delivery under intensive neonatal care support. Material and methods: Present study was a descriptive study carried out on 500 pregnant women coming to OBGY department were referred to department of radiodiagnosis for antenatal ultrasound for the first time or for follow up scan were enrolled for the study. Results: On outcome of disease, 65% had AGA, 17% had IUGR and 18% had SGA. Mean gestational age in weeks among SGA was 37.97+1.66, IUGR was 35.03+1.18 and AGA was 38.01+1.76. Mean EFBW among AGA was 2954.7+343.5, among IUGR 2390.11+245.9, and SGA was 2546.44+242.5. p value showed high statistical significance. (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Ultrasound biometry is the gold standard for assessment of fetal size. Fetal weight less than 10th percentile for gestational age is mostly used to diagnosis SGA and IUGR but other criteria like elevated HC/AC ratio, elevated FL/AC ratio, and presence of oligohydramnios without ruptured membranes, presence of advanced placental grade can also be used for improving the accuracy of diagnosis.

A Case Report: A 26 year old, male admitted under Department of Gastroenterology, AIIMS Rishikesh with complaint of Jaundice since 25 days associated with fatigue & malaise. Patient also complained of gradual abdominal distention with pedal edema & decrease in urine output for 3 days & altered sensorium for 1 day. Patient was a chronic alcoholic consuming 100gms/day for 18years. Initially, on admission patient had stable vitals but increased prothrombin time, with raised serum bilirubin (44mg/dl). Serum electrolytes on admission were also altered. Patient was managed with TPE along with diuretics, antibiotics, steroids & protein supplements. 5 TPE procedures were done every alternate day with Fresh Frozen Plasma & 4% Albumin as replacement fluids. In this case, prothrombin time and serum bilirubin improved significantly after 5th procedure. Urine output and sensorium were also improved. Patient was discharged from the hospital with improved clinical symptoms and stable vitals.

Biosensors for virus and bacterial detection and control have been developed over the last thirty years as a result of various biotechnological breakthroughs. With the exception of avian species, cell-lines offers certain advantages and are accessible for domestic animals. Current diagnostics rely on ELISA or RT-PCR, whereas these procedures frequently have limitations in terms of speed and sensitivity. Amplification techniques of nucleic acid are extremely beneficial for detecting viruses which are difficult and dangerous to culture, viruses that develop slowly in culture, and viruses with antigenic variants such as HCV (hepatitis C virus), Zika virus, dengue virus, EBV, influenza viruses, HIV, Ebola virus and coronavirus. Pathogen isolation and characterization, RT-PCR and sequencing-analyses are common. LAMP (Loop mediated isothermal amplification) has evolved into an important alternative for simplifying infectious illness diagnosis. Diagnostic assays are employed to determine present, functional SARS-CoV-2 infections. Diagnostic techniques can be antigen based for specific proteins on the virus's surface, or molecular based like LAMP, CRISPR and PCR. The gold-standard for the testing of COVID-19 is RT-PCR, that identifies SARS-CoV-2 genetic-information in nasopharyngeal specimens.

Introduction: Infection Control measures are based on how an infectious agent is transmitted and include standard, contact, droplet and airborne precaution. Infection Control is an important part in the dentistry. Provision of dental care is a risk of transmitting infectious diseases. The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and compliance of Dental health Care Providers on infection control standard precautions guidelines in Primary Health Care Centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The output of this study is helpful for higher authorities to develop appropriate and sound policies to increase knowledge and compliance on this issue. The main objective of the study is to determine the level of compliance of Dental Health Care Providers on infection control standard precautions guidelines in Primary Health Care Centers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, 2018. Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional survey was conducted in dental clinics of 42 Primary Health Care Centers in 4 major sectors, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 82 Dental Health Care Providers were assessed for Compliance on infection control standard guidelines and the factors that can relate to it. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and proportion for categorical variables. Bivariate analysis was performed to explore the relationship between compliance of Dental Health Care Providers on infection control standard precautions guidelines and knowledge of DHCPs on infection control standard precaution guidelines, age, gender, history of chronic diseases, smoking status, marital status, type of job and CBAHI accredited PHCCs were assessed by chi square test at a 95% confidence level and P-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Descriptive statistics showed that the mean age of the DHCPs was 34 ± 5.05 SD. Majority (74.4%) were female providers. About 43.9 % of the DHCPs were dentist and 56.1 were dental assistants. This study showed that 78 % DHCPs classified as adequate knowledge. Among all DHCPs, 93.9 % aware about infection control standard precautions guideline while 56.1 % of the DHCPs received basic infection control skill license. Bivariate analysis showed that, among all DHCPs, 19.5 % classified as adequate compliance. There was no statistically significant difference between compliance of Dental Health Care Providers on infection control standard precautions guidelines and knowledge of DHCPs on infection control standard precaution guidelines, age, gender, history of chronic diseases, smoking status, marital status, type of job and CBAHI accredited PHCCs. Conclusion: This study showed very low compliance of Dental Health Care Providers on infection control standard precautions guidelines.