In this study, the asymmetric relationship between oil rents and human development in Nigeria was examined between 1981 and 2020. Specifically, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model was employed to ascertain how the partial sums of positive and negative changes in oil and gas rents contributed to the human development index (HDI) with time-series data obtained from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report and World Development Indicators (WDI). In addition, unit root and bounds cointegration tests were employed to determine the stationary properties and long-run relationships among the variables. It was found from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated. It is also evident from the bounds cointegration results that HDI has a long-run relationship with oil and gas rents. The findings revealed that oil rent has not yielded the intended and desired positive benefits in terms of improving human development given its insignificant positive contribution to HDI. On the other hand, HDI responded positively to positive changes in natural gas rents and this finding was statistically significant at a 5 per cent level. This implies that an increase in natural gas rents plays a significant role in improving human development. Given the findings, this paper recommends proper management and accountability of the oil rents to create better opportunities for human development. It is also recommended for government to mitigate gas flaring and create enabling environment for more investments in gas resources to provide a roadmap for more investments in human development.

Nano particles have gained special attention in recent years due to their remarkable electrical, magnetic, optical, and mechanical capabilities, and they offer a variety of uses in all sectors of engineering. Gold nanoparticles, for instance, are catalytic when they are 10 nm in size, whereas nanoparticles with a short radius of curvature and angular forms have better catalytic capabilities. Co-precipitation nanoparticle production is a simple approach that results in a wide range of nanoparticle sizes. Top-down and bottom-up techniques used to create mono-dispersed spherical bismuth (Bi) NPs. These Nanoparticles have outstanding colloidal characteristics. Sputtering is the technique for creating NPs that involves hitting solid surfaces with the high energy particles like gas or plasma. In an aqueous solution, gold nanoparticles were created by using a laser ablation approach. A zeta potentiometer is often used to assess surface charges and their dispersal constancy in a solution. Several industry and technology sectors, including IT, medicine, energy, transportation, homeland security, food safety, and environmental research, are being significantly improved, if not revolutionized, by nano-technology.

Palm oil is edible plant oil derived from the fruits of palm trees. Palm oil is extracted from the pulp of the fruit of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis)) which is one of the species of palm. It consists of various phytonutrients such as tocotrenols, tocopherols, carotenoids, phytosterols, squalene, and coenzyme. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health burden that greatly impact patient quality of life and account for a huge number of deaths worldwide. Palm oil consumption and its effects on serum lipid levels, and cardiovascular disease are found in humans. Palm oil is one of the most stable oils, which help it prolong food storability mostly due not only to its content of saturated fatty acids, but also to its antioxidant compounds. Palm oil plays an important role in the prevention of much pathology (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity and cancers). It is widely use in nutrition especially in the food industry and in biodiesel industry. These metabolites show beneficial potential through a direct effect on these risk factors, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, or by acting on related targets, or exerting general cellular protection.

SARS CoV-2 is a pandemic infection that is associated with a significant mortality rate in elderly patients due to severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. When compared to adults, children had a lesser vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a milder severity. This could be due to the large number of vaccines. This study was aimed to investigate whether the influenza vaccine may reduce the susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. 79 inmates and workers at the Al-Wafa House for the Care of the Infirm and the Elderly in the Massa region was enrolled from November 15th to December first, 2020, and were test for SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR on an oropharyngeal swab and presence of antibodies IgG/IgM against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical data, outcomes, BCG and influenza vaccination status were collected from the medical records. 3% of all subjects were positive for IgG and 16.7% were positive for both IgM and IgG at the same time. While 16.7% were negative for both antibodies. Only 17 workers were vaccinated against influenza on November 1st, all workers had received the BCG vaccination. 78.4% of all workers were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and 16.2% were positive for both SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Results from the present study found that 87% of all subjects had BCG vaccination, and this might offer at least partial protection against SARS-CoV-2. Results were also found that a relationship between vaccination against influenza and asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe symptoms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 were found at 13.54, 25.64, and 20.14 respectively, at a significant level. However, the relationship between vaccination against influenza and moderate symptoms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection was not significant. According to a current study, influenza immunization could lower SARS-CoV-2 mortality. Prospective investigations are required to verify this conclusion.

This is very unfortunate that even in 21st century most of us are still unaware of the fact that the microbial origin of cancer exists in nature. And, this is all due to the lack of knowledge about their potentialities in causing cancer in human and animals. Further, as in recent past, some of these viruses having high rate of mutabilities and adaptabilities have already been proven their abilities to transform the host cells dividing indefinitely. The present review discusses some of the oncogenic viruses developing human cancers including their mechanisms of cancer development known so far in the same field.

Cropping pattern reflects the growing of genetically modified crops and ordinary crops in the different conditions of temperature and pH also affected the cultivation. It also advances the soil agro ecological measurement and climatic conditions. Monocropping patterns increase the mass crop production due to higher yields by controlling the attack of different pests and improving the soil microbe diversity. Crop rotation depends on different factors such as rotating series and applied frequency of certain crops that improved the functional properties of microorganisms growth. This approach can be helpful for targeting the soil-borne pathogens to maximize soil benefits. Proper irrigation system also another agricultural approach for enriching the ecosystem. It enables the original crop to strike again after harvesting and to raise another crop. Plants grown in in the hydroponic system shows high growth as compared to the conventionally field-grown plants also increase the chances of sustainable agricultural development through green technology where large number of plants can be grown in the nutrient medium. Cropping patterns to make farming more efficient that can be helpful to irrigate crops and more disease resistant varieties.

The study aims to assess the factors that cause fraudulent financial report in Indonesia by using Fraud Hexagon Theory of fraud. Database uses in the study is from Indonesia’s banking industry year 2019 and 2020. Multiple regression analysis method is applied to analyze the data. Result shows pressure (external) and the element of opportunity (quality of external auditors) correlate positively with fraudulent financial reports. On the hand, proxies such financial stability, financial targets, effective monitoring, number of audit committees, audit turnover, total accruals, GCG score, CEO ego, and WBS – show null correlation. However, all variables in Fraud Hexagon Theory affect fraudulent financial reports simultaneously.

One of the important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries is the high rate of infertility and childlessness. A cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the male fertility status by the conventional semen analysis. This study was conducted in which 100 men with age ranged from 20 to 45 years of a primary and secondary infertile couple of more than one year, in the Infertility OPD of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka during October 2012 to March 2013. They were divided into two groups depending on the results of their semen analysis: 35 with abnormal semen and 65 with normal semen profile. The mean (±SD) age was 34.0±4.7 years in patients with abnormal semen and 33.9±5.6 years in patients with normal semen. Nearly one-third (31.42%) of the patients was a farmer in abnormal semen and 7.7% in normal semen. The majority (62.85%) of the abnormal semen patients worked in hot environments, STD was found 20.0% in patients with abnormal semen and 3.1% in patients with normal semen, mumps observed 8.6% in abnormal semen and 3.1% in normal semen patients. Surgical history was found 11.4% in abnormal semen and 1.5% in normal semen patients. Positive family history of infertility was found in 8.6% of abnormal semen patients but no positive family history of infertility was found in normal semen patients. Varicocele was found 25.7% in patients with abnormal semen and 21.5% in patients with normal semen. Primary subfertility was 91.4% in abnormal semen patients and 58.5% in normal semen patients. Farmer, hot working environment, STD, surgical history, positive family history, primary subfertility were significantly (p<0.05) higher in patients with abnormal semen. The highest number of patients were oligospermic (51.4) followed by azoospermia 22.9%, asthenozoospermia 17.1%, teratozoospermia 5.7% and aspermia 2.9%. Occupational exposure, STD, hot environment, past surgical history has a significant negative impact on male infertility.

The objective of this study was to investigate learning style preferences of soccer coaches to improve coaching efficacy. Limited research exists on the best methods to instruct coaches, especially underserved groups (e.g., women and minorities), in developing their craft. Understanding individual learning styles can influence performance and achievement in learning outcomes of educational programs (Manolis et al., 2003). The Kolb (1984) Learning Style Inventory (LSI) was distributed amongst the United Soccer Coaches (USC) association (n = 1,852) to understand members preferred learning styles. Data was processed to determine the subjects' preferred learning style: Convergent (32.97%), Divergent (11.52%), Accommodative (39.46 %), and Assimilative (16.20%). Chi squared analysis (189.63) and z-score test (z = 13.49) revealed gender was a factor in learning style choice. Female coaches were more likely to possess a CON learning preference than male coaches. 46.78% of CON coaches were female, while females made up only 26.31% of all responding coaches. Male coaches were 53.21% of coaches favoring CON, yet accounted for 73.69% of all participating coaches. These findings could be a catalyst to refocus soccer coaching education to accommodate all learning styles with broader ideas of purposely designing educational curricula to meet the needs of all learners.

Aflatoxins are released from Aspergillus species and enter in living organisms from various routes and results in toxicity. Humans are exposed to aflatoxins poisoning due to consumptions of infected crops, meat, poultry and dairy produce. The physiological effects due to aflatoxins may be mild to fatal, according to their exposed concentration to humans and bioabsorption duration. These side effects are usually categorized as acute toxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity. So further, efficient genomic and proteomic strategies s are required to develop resistant livestock breeds and dietary significance having cultivars along with general public awareness campaigns related to aflatoxins contamination free edible items selection.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal passages are the primary passageway for respiratory exchange in humans. But chronic obstruction of the nasal passage encountered in youth causes a physiological shift in normal breathing pattern from nasal to oral breathing. Oral breathing results in craniofacial modification and postural adjustments. This study will be helpful for orthodontists to observe the cervical vertebral column area in growing children to prevent changes in cervical lordosis and associated sequelae from developing by early intervention, when required. Material & Methods: In this case control study conducted at the ’Montmorency College of Dentistry over 6 month period from 10th July, 2017 till 10th January, 2018, 60 patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited from OPD and divided into two groups. Group “A” patients showing alteration in their cervical lordosis as observed on lateral cephalograms and group “B” patients with normal cervical lordosis on lateral cephalograms. Their breathing pattern, BMI and other demographic information were recorded. All the collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. Results: Mean age of the patients in group A (altered cervical lordosis) was 9.13 (+/- 1.68) years and in group B (normal cervical lordosis) was 8.77 (+/-1.91) years). Chi square test was applied for comparison of groups, p-value ≤ 0.05 considered as statistically significant. The alteration in cervical lordosis had a statistically significant association with oral breathing when compared with nasal breathers, chi square value 27.149 (p value 0.000). Conclusion: Significant association between alteration in cervical lordosis and oral breathing.

Hair is an imperative part of human body. Due to use of various chemicals and synthetic compounds it usually causes destructive effects. A variety of herbal plants are used to promote hair growth as well as prevent hair loss. The present work is done by formulating hair gel using Guar gum and Jatamansi. Guar gum hydrates the hair by sealing in the moisture, Jatamansi shown to have the hair growth promoting activity. The gel was formulated in two steps, firstly extraction of the powdered rhizome of Nardostachys jatamansi was carried out by using alcohol by reflux condensation. Secondly Guar gum powder is triturated with water until gel consistency is obtained. Then the jatamansi extract was incorporated to this obtained gel. The jatamansi extract contains carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins. The formulation was evaluated for varies physical parameters like pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, stability studies, skin irritation and washability.

With the newly emerging concepts and advancements in genetic/genomic technologies, information on causative or candidate gene(s), transcription factors or growth factors responsible for orthodontic cases such as craniofacial dysmorphologies, morphogenesis and differentiation of craniofacial tissues, midfacial defects, crowding of teeth, prognathism, genetic variations associated with susceptibility of developing and/or heterogeneity in treatment response of malocclusions are emerging. Promising results have been accrued on utilization of genetic testing for management of monogenic traits such as primary failure of eruption (PFE), and Class III malocclusion. As the impact of genetic/genomic factors on orthodontic treatment outcome is emerging, gene therapy as a novel approach is being explored for effective and precise orthodontic treatment. Despite certain challenges and biosafety issues, the emergence of some promising success stories and ongoing research in gene therapy provides an optimistic future in the field of precision orthodontics. However, in order for precision orthodontics to be implemented in daily practice, more exquisite research is warranted. This review encompasses a conspectus on the potentials of genomics and gene therapy in achieving precision orthodontics.

Solanum nigrum is one of the commonly found herb around the globe and contains diverse therapeutic along with biological control based potentials. For last few decades, not only aqueous but also other organic solvents based extract have been prepared to obtain maximum benefits of its components to recover external and internal wounds, inflammations, infections, cancer and to control many disorders like cytotoxicity, cardiovascular, hepatic, gastric and enzymatic complications. Moreover, it has been found as effective to reducer aging and an ideal local cost source of phytoremediation. For future progress, its dose and shots optimization should be focused by researchers.

The study aimed at evaluating the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory potential of extracts of endophytic bacteria isolated from Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven (Onagraceae). Isolation of endophytic bacteria was done on supplemented and non-supplemented nutrient agar. The extracts of these endophytes were obtained after fermentation in Mueller-Hinton Broth (MHB). The inhibitory effect on the alpha-glucosidase enzyme of the extracts of endophytic bacteria was determined in the presence of starch and sucrose at 6 mg/mL at 37°C and by measuring the absorbance at 517 nm. Nineteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, fruits and twigs of L. octovalvis. The extracts obtained from these endophytic bacteria all showed an alpha-glucosidase inhibitory effect. The S4155 extract showed less than 50% enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 163.98 μg/mL. Endophyte bacteria associated with L. octovalvis provided a source of bioactive compounds that can prevent or reduce the prevalence of diabetes.