Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone disease characterized by defective bone resorption due to impaired osteoclast function or differentiation. This results in generalized osteosclerosis and leads to multiple complications including hematologic failure, neurological compression, skeletal deformities, dental anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological, radiological, and genetic findings. The only curative treatment for severe forms is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is most effective when performed early. New therapeutic strategies under investigation include gene therapy, immunomodulators, and targeted agents. Prognosis is influenced by the genetic subtype, age at diagnosis, and neurological involvement. Long-term multidisciplinary care is crucial to improve the quality of life of surviving patients.

Groundwater is main source of drinking water in Al-Abbasiya locality. The study aimed to evaluate Physiochemical properties of ground water comparing with Sudanese Standardization Metrology Organization (SSMO) and World Health Organization (WHO). This study was conducted in 2019. 20 samples of water were randomly collected from different areas, and carefully stored. the samples were analysed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (A.A.S), pH Meter, Conductivity meter (E.C), Turbidity meter. the analyses were carried out in Water Quality Lab Unesco Khartoum. the following parameters such as: pH, Electronic Conductivity (E.C), Turbidity, Total Hardness (T.H), Total Dissolved Salt (T.D.S), and total alkalinity (T.A), in addition to some cations, (Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Fe2+) and anions such as: (F-, CI-, SO43-, NO32-, NO2-). The results showed that, pH ranging between (7.7-6.7), Electronic Conductivity (E.C), (3450-575 μs/cm), Turbidity (10.5 - 1.1) NTU, Total Hardness (T.H) (436-308 mg/L) and Total Dissolved Salt (T.D.S) (1170-286 mg/L), the values of alkalinity (TA) found (450 - 316 mg/L), Na+ (87-33 mg/L), K+ (2.0 -1.1 mg/L), Mg2+ (69.5-5.35 mg/L), Ca2+ (81.6- 25.8 mg/L), Mn2+ (0.9-0.02 mg/L), Fe2+ (0.08-0.03 mg/L), NH4+ (0.35- 0.10 mg/L), F- ( 2.10- 0.5 mg/L ), Cl- (23- 3.54 mg/L), NO3- (36.1- 0.03 mg/L), NO2- (11.8- 0.02 mg/L), SO42- (440- 011 mg/L), CO42- (364 - 170 mg/L), all samples revealed pH and total solubility values of salt within permissible limits according to drinking water quality guidelines of WHO and SSMO, except sample No. S10 (Al-gabal Al- ahamar), which contained slightly higher than the acceptable limit (1170 mg/L), and all showed higher electrical conductivity than the approved limit excluding samples No (S4 and S7) which were recorded values less than permitted standard (120 and 98) respectively. The hardness of the all samples were within allowed range and from analysed the values of dissolved bicarbonate, nitrate and salts were noted lower than their standard values, 0.3 mg/L. Concentration of Magnesium 25 mg/L and Calcium 45 mg/L in some samples are less than suggested range. As the result of these findings the water can be use without treatment with the exception of (S4 and S7) remained unfit for human usage due to increase in total dissolved salts.

Quantum-inspired nanobiotechnology re-conceptualizes conventional bioassays by utilizing the waveparticle duality in quantum physics. Rather than considering photons, electrons or excitations strictly as wave or particle, the aim is to develop assays that exploit both aspects of their duality for ultra-sensitive, specific and informative bioassay designs. Wave-oriented assays utilize interference and coherence to amplify signals from a single molecule, particle-centric assays quantitatively count discrete events, such as an electron tunnelling through a nanopore, or photons emitted from a quantum dot; and correlation-centric assays exploit entanglement and quantum correlations to surpass classical noise thresholds. In total, these forms of bioassays provide powerful designs for In Vitro diagnostics, live-cell imaging and translational medicine. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of wave-centric, particle-centric, and correlation-centric bioassays, clarify their advantages and disadvantages, and point out the potential to merge and expand with artificial intelligence (AI), hybrid nanodevices that incorporate nanobiotechnologies, and nanotheranostics. We also cover health and safety, biocompatibility, ethical, and regulatory considerations that need to be considered in order to transition quantum-inspired bioassays from the lab to the clinic. Ultimately, we will suggest a roadmap for the next decade of this rapidly developing field.

Background: Cervical carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in developing countries, where screening facilities are often limited. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic profile, reproductive characteristics, clinical features, risk factors, and histopathological patterns in VIA-positive women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from July 2007 to December 2007. This study included 100 VIA positive women attending the OPD of Obstetrics and Gynaecology during the study period. Results: Most participants were aged 30–39 years (49%), resided in urban areas (64%), and were predominantly housewives (77%). Nearly half (48%) had parity between 3–4, and three-fourths (75.3%) experienced their first delivery before 20 years. The mean age of menarche was 12–13 years. Excessive vaginal discharge (54%), dyspareunia (44%), and backache (30%) were the most frequent complaints, while 35% were asymptomatic. Major risk factors included early age at first coitus (78%), early childbirth (75.3%), and high parity (61%). Histopathological findings revealed normal results in 25% and inflammation in 23%, while 29% had CIN I, 12% CIN II, 6% CIN III, and 5% invasive carcinoma. Overall, 52% had pre-invasive or invasive lesions. Conclusion: The findings highlight early sexual debut, early childbirth, and high parity as key risk factors for cervical pathology in VIA-positive women. Strengthening cervical cancer screening and awareness programs is essential for early detection and prevention.

Postural management is an essential part of treating cerebral palsy (CP), but research in this area, particularly in the Middle East, is limited. This study aimed to assess how selecting the right wheelchair can affect spasticity, quality of life, and motor function in children with CP. The study included 35 children, aged 4 to 12 years, all with moderate to severe motor impairments (GMFCS levels 3 to 5). After four weeks of postural management using properly selected wheelchairs, there was a significant reduction in spasticity, as seen in improvements across key joints like the shoulders, elbows, wrists, and hips (p < 0.001). There were also notable improvements in motor function, with GMFCS scores improving significantly (p < 0.001). Additionally, the children’s quality of life scores saw a marked increase, from 3083.9 ± 206.6 to 3538.6 ± 186.9 (p < 0.001). These findings stress the importance of choosing the correct wheelchair for children with CP, as it can make a significant difference in both physical function and overall well-being. The results also highlight how important postural management and occupational therapy are in improving the lives of children with CP.

The dominant discourse in organizational psychology is that work-family conflict is an un-defeated adverse with the effect of burnout, lesser job satisfaction, and low organizational commitment. This paper dispels that notion by revealing an intricate and counter-intuitive fact among university professors in Islamabad, Pakistan. We have used a solid quantitative, correlational study to survey 206 social science teachers in order to deconstruct the subtle relationships between the six specific dimensions of work-family interference (Time, Strain, Behavior-based both Work Interference with Family - WIF and Family Interference with Work -FIW), and the three different components of Organizational Commitment (Affective - AC, Continuance -CC, Normative - NC). We have found that there is a high overall positive correlation between Work-Life Balance (WLB) and Organizational Commitment (OC) (r =.325, p <.001). Nonetheless, the most impressive and theoretically important result was the always strong and positive correlation of Strain-based interference (both SWIF and SFIW) with the three OC components. The climax to this observation was that the strong relationship between Strain-based WIF (SWIF) and Normative Commitment (NC) (r =.357, p < .01) indicated that the fact that the faculty is stressed and tired because of their line of professional duties is a trigger to an internal moral obligation to stay in their institution. This "Paradox of Strain" suggests that in the environment of Pakistani public universities, where resources are limited and the faculty members usually work under a high level of pressure, strain can lead to the development of the sense of duty, a sense of perceived investment, and emotional attachment instead of its destruction. The paper not only adds a new theoretical insight to the existing WLB-OC research, but also offers important, practical insights that can guide university administrators in retaining and engaging their most valuable asset their faculty by changing the way they conceptualize and deal with strain at work.

Background: Genital prolapse is a common gynecological condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of women, particularly in low-resource settings. It is strongly linked to multiparity, traumatic or unattended home deliveries, and advancing age. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and postoperative complications of genital prolapse among women attending a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2007 to December 2007. A total of 100 women diagnosed with genital prolapse were enrolled. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, obstetric history, clinical features, management, and postoperative outcomes, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The patients’ ages ranged from 25 to 80 years (mean 50.86 ± 11.52), with the highest proportion in the 51–60 years group (33%). Most women were from low socio-economic backgrounds (62%). Home delivery was predominant (89%), and the majority of deliveries were conducted by traditional birth attendants (81%). All patients reported the classical symptom of something coming down per vagina, with urinary complaints (62%) being the most common associated symptom. The vast majority underwent vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair (95%). Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with 96% experiencing no complications; minor complications included urinary tract infection (2%), per-vaginal bleeding (1%), and pyrexia (1%). Conclusion: Genital prolapse in Bangladesh is strongly associated with low socio-economic status and home deliveries by untrained attendants. Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair remains the most effective treatment, with excellent postoperative outcomes.

Electronic health record systems transformed healthcare documentation by providing a system for storing and sharing extensive patient data. However, much of this information remains in the form of unstructured text, which limits its utility for computational analysis. Natural Language Processing (NLP) has emerged as a prominent approach to extract and structure information from free-text clinical narratives, offering the potential to unlock valuable insights for clinical care, research, and administration. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in NLP methods applied to EHRs, discusses open problems including data quality, privacy, and generalizability, and highlights potential future directions for the integration of NLP into clinical workflows. The conclusions point to the need for continued development of domain-specific language models, privacy-preserving techniques, and explainable AI methods to fully harness the power of NLP for healthcare transformation.

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the preferred treatment for complicated type B aortic dissections. Late complications, particularly in chronic dissections, may combine multiple mechanisms such as proximal type I endoleak, false lumen progression, and true lumen compression, posing significant risks for rupture and malperfusion. Case presentation: We report the case of a 62‑year‑old man with a history of TEVAR for ruptured thoracic aneurysm secondary to chronic type B dissection. One year later, he presented with persistent thoracic pain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a proximal type IA endoleak, false lumen progression with distal re‑entry, and marked true lumen compression in the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta. The left renal artery originated from the false lumen. The multidisciplinary team opted for distal stent graft extension to exclude distal re‑entries, depressurise the false lumen, and restore true lumen calibre. Discussion: This case illustrates the interplay between persistent proximal endoleak, distal re‑entries, and false lumen pressurisation leading to adverse remodelling. True lumen compression is a key driver of malperfusion risk and reduced repair durability. Distal extension directly addresses both the haemodynamic and mechanical components of the complication. This approach aligns with the 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines, which recommend early reintervention for type I endoleaks in chronic dissections, particularly when associated with false lumen perfusion or malperfusion. Conclusion: Late combined complications after TEVAR require tailored, anatomy‑driven strategies. Distal extension can effectively treat proximal endoleak, false lumen progression, and true lumen compression in a single intervention, improving long‑term aortic stability and patient outcomes.

Promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent has important strategic value. It is the only way to break through key core technologies and serve the country's high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and strength. It is an urgent need to seize new technological tracks and shape new competitive advantages. It is a key strategy to accelerate the integration of the four chains and empower the high-quality development of the economy in the new era. However, the fragmentation and insufficient development of the education, science and technology, and talent system affect the innovation vitality and efficiency. During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, in order to promote the high-quality development of employment, it is necessary to aim at national self-reliance and strengthen the top-level design and overall coordination of the integrated reform of the education, science and technology, and talent system and mechanism. Aim at national strategic needs and give play to the important role of the new national system in promoting the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent. Face frontier fields and future industries and explore and practice new organizational forms of scientific and technological innovation. Pool global education, science and technology, and talent resources and build an open ecosystem for the integrated development of education, science and technology, and talent.

This review offers a critical analysis of “Language Education in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Opportunities in Language Pedagogy and Policy” ISBN: 978-3-031-91442-3, edited by Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Connie Mitchell, Tariq Elyas and published by Springer Nature Switzerland in July 2025. As part of the English Language Teaching: Theory, Research and Pedagogy series, the book investigates the major educational reforms underway in Saudi Arabia through the lens of Vision 2030, emphasizing English’s evolution from a marginal academic subject to an essential component of national progress and modernization. The twelve chapters present a comprehensive exploration of diverse topics, including classroom dynamics, teacher development, and systemic policy shifts, illustrating the complexity of language education transformation in the Kingdom. The review commends the book’s broad analytical scope, methodological rigor, and contribution to global scholarly discourse, while also identifying gaps in its coverage of longitudinal data, regional variation, and deeper critique of policy trends. Ultimately, this volume stands out as an important scholarly resource for research on applied linguistics, language policy, and English education in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf region.

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Despite its benign histological appearance, rare cases demonstrate metastatic potential without malignant transformation, termed metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma (MPA). Case Presentation: Here in we report a case of a 32-year-old female with no comorbidities, presenting with a left parapharyngeal mass. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed, lobulated lesion inseparable from the deep lobe of the parotid, with heterogeneous enhancement and cystic/necrotic components. Histo pathological examination of the resected mass revealed pleomorphic adenoma. Interestingly, metastatic deposits with identical histology were identified within the excised cervical lymph node. Conclusion: This case highlights the paradoxical behavior of pleomorphic adenoma, which, although histologically benign, may metastasize. Awareness of MPA is crucial for clinicians to ensure long-term surveillance following the excision of pleomorphic adenomas.

Gender incongruence in adolescents is an increasingly common clinical problem in child psychiatry, often associated with significant psychological distress. When accompanied by depressive symptoms and school refusal, it poses a considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This article presents the case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl, seen for school withdrawal and mood disorder, in whom persistent gender incongruity was identified. The proposed clinical analysis aimed to explore the psycho-pathological links between gender identity, depression and dropping out of school, and discussed the clinical and ethical implications. In this context, care raises many questions around consent, the temporality of decisions, and the potential psychiatrization of the adolescent journey. It is essential to provide a space for free speech, without any specific direction. The role of caregivers is to enable a safe exploration of identity, while avoiding premature medical projections.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuro-developmental disorder that persists into adulthood in nearly two-thirds of cases. In adults, particularly in women, it often remains underdiagnosed, masked by anxiety or depressive disorders. Since familial transmission is well documented, a diagnosis in a child can sometimes be revealed in a parent. Observation: We report the case of a 35-year-old single mother presenting emotional exhaustion and relational difficulties with her 7-year-old son recently diagnosed with ADHD. The patient's developmental trajectory and life course suggested adult ADHD, reassured by the positive screening on the Adult Self-Report Scale for ADHD (ASRS-v1.1). The patient presented parental exhaustion with a marked reluctance towards psycho-stimulant treatment. Psycho-education was initiated and she agreed to take symptomatic treatment with hypnotics and anxiolytics. Conclusion: This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of adult ADHD, often masked by depressive comorbidities and anxiety-inducing emotional exhaustion. Diagnosis in children should prompt systematic exploration of the parents' developmental history. It also highlights the obstacles related to pharmacological treatment, particularly when the previous experience of psychotropic drugs is negative. The mother-child mirror effect reveals the intergenerational dimension of the disorder. Progressive support, respectful of therapeutic resistance, appears essential to encourage adherence to care, thereby improving the quality of the mother-child relationship.

This study investigates the relationship between sustainable business strategies, climate change adaptation, and competitive advantage in emerging markets, with a focus on North Central Nigeria. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews, and case studies to assess how businesses respond to climate-related challenges. Findings reveal that many firms have begun integrating sustainability practices such as energy efficiency, waste reduction, and eco-friendly innovations to mitigate climate risks. However, adoption levels remain uneven due to financial constraints, limited awareness, and inadequate policy support. The results further demonstrate that businesses actively engaging in climate adaptation strategies experience improved market positioning, resilience, and stakeholder trust, thereby enhancing their competitive advantage. Government policies, technological innovation, and collaborative networks are identified as critical enablers, while weak regulatory enforcement and infrastructural gaps serve as persistent barriers. The study concludes that fostering climate-resilient business models is essential for long-term sustainability in the region and recommends targeted policy interventions, capacity building, and private–public partnerships to strengthen resilience and competitiveness in North Central Nigeria.