Background: Blood is an essential fluid of the body. Safety of blood and blood products is of global concern in transfusion medicine especially as it concerns the transfusion of transmissible infections (TTIs). Objective: This study was aimed to established the prevalence of haemoparasites in voluntary blood donors at Livingspring Hospital, Igbogbo, Lagos State. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out on all voluntary blood donors during lockdown, 2020. Blood samples were collected from 100 donors into EDTA containers with age range 18-50 years. Donors were made up of 75 males and 25 females. Samples were processed using Giemsa techniques and were examined microscopically for haemoparasites. Descriptive and inferential analysis were carried out at p<0.05 significance level with 95% confidence interval. Results: The overall prevalence of haemoparasites among donors was established at the rate of 35% (35/100). Of the 100 donors, 35% were positive haemoparasites, of which 33% of the donors were positive for Plasmodium falciparum while 2% were positive for Loa loa. However, findings were statistically not significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is imperative to screen blood samples to ensure safety of complete patient healthcare and service delivery.

The aim of this case study research was to examine how one experienced PE Lead Teacher in a specialist special school for children with social, emotional, and mental health issues learned how to implement the teaching games for understanding (TGfU) model into a unit of hockey lessons. The qualitative data collection methods consisted of two main methods, firstly there was the end of unit semi-structured interview of the PE Lead and secondly there were the Likert Scale student questionnaires which were completed on three occasions, before during and after the study covering sixteen hockey lessons over a four-month period. Using inductive data analysis indicated the experienced PE Lead was able to teach the principles of the TGfU model through a series of benchmarks which has been developed from the original model created by Bunker and Thorpe (1982) and further developed by Metzler (2011). The study has been able to show that the experienced PE Lead has been able to learn how to use the model through his own research and interest in the TGfU approach to learning and apply this to his PE lessons with students who have special needs. The findings have also shown that by using each of the TGfU model benchmarks the engagement, social behaviours and interest levels of the students have also improved. However, the study is limited to one model of learning (TGfU) and is focussed on a single experienced teacher of PE over a relatively short period of time.

The level of heavy metals in marine ecosystem has been intensively studied during recent years as these hazardous substances could be accumulated in the biota. Generally, the presence of contaminants in shellfish is as a result of human activities such as industrial, agricultural wastes, crude oil exploration and spillage and this has pose a significant threat to humans’ health and other animals feeding on them over the years. In this study, some heavy metals levels in shellfishes sourced from the rivers of Otuoke community in Ogbia local Government Area, Oporoma community in Ekeremor Local Government Area and Sangana community in Brass Local Government Area, all in Bayelsa state, were investigated and the samples were prepared according to Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nation FAO (1994) standard test methods. The total mean of cadmium, Lead, and mercury ranges between 0.00mg/g to 0.002mg/g in periwinkle, prawn and oyster gotten from the three communities and was compared with the WHO acceptable limit of 0.5mg/kg – 1.0mg/kg. This could have been due to increased rainfall during the period of this study which in turn increase water levels and hence reduced or dilute the heavy metal concentration and thus less risk of bioaccumulation or possibly that the oil producing communities from where the shellfish where obtained might have possibly be link to lack of cases of oil spillage over a recent past before the commencement of the study. This study therefore advocates that periwinkle, prawn and oyster which are shellfishes used for this study from the rivers in these communities are safe for human consumption with respect to heavy metals load especially within the raining season when this study was conducted.

With the advent of the Industrial Revolution 4 (IR4), many new challenges have emerged. One such issue is privacy and security. Millions of devices are now connected to the internet, and there is no concrete way to ensure that the user has authority (or) control over its data. This study addresses this challenge by drawing a theoretical framework for IoT software that can provide mathematical proof to the user regarding the privacy of the data. Such a certification would ensure that the data remains confidential as well as it will accelerate the rate of adoption of IoT technologies.

This study aimed to determine the percentage of a recreational physical activities and sports (PAS) practitioners or non-competitive athlete in Yaoundé city, and the risk of sudden death incurred. Seven hundred and ninety-three (793) men and women practicing recreational sports took part in this survey. The analysis of the variables of the socio-demographic, professional and clinical characteristics of those practicing physical activity ≥ 3 hours per week and those practicing physical activity < 3 hours was made. Data collection was carried out using a pre-established questionnaire, after obtaining an ethical clearance from the Ministry of Public Health. The average age of participants was 27.3 ± 10.6 years, they are mostly made up of men (56.2%). Five hundred and forty-seven (68.9%) said they practice physical activity at least 3 hours a week. Fifteen (15) participants or 1.6% declared to be carriers of a cardiovascular pathology and thirty-nine (39) or 4.9% are hypertensive. A large number (439; 55.6%) refrained from disclosing their clinical status or were unaware of it. The rate of recreational physical activities and sports practitioners is high in the population of Yaoundé. In this population, some practitioners are carriers of pathologies exposing them to sudden death. Knowledge of these data can contribute to taking appropriate measures to reduce cases of sudden cardiac death related to sports practice, a phenomenon increasingly observed in Cameroon.

Background: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) is an age associated prostate gland enlargement in men that can lead to urination difficulty. The exact etiology of BPH is unknown. However, inflammation is a critical factor in the development of BPH. Soursop as a traditional medicine has anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potentials of soursop pulp extracts on induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in adult male wistar rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult male rats grouped into five were used for the study. BPH was induced subcutaneously in the inguinal region with testosterone propionate 3mg/kg/day. Acute toxicity test was carried out to determine the safety of the extract. The rats in group A served as the control group. Rats in group B, C and D were administered 200mg, 400mg, and 600mg of aqueous soursop extract per kg body weight/day. Biochemical analyses of the protein specific antigen, albumin, white blood cell count, testosterone, and C-reactive protein were performed after the trial. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: Aqueous soursop pulp extract significantly decreased (p<0.05) the protein specific antigen by 58.87%. The extract at 400mg resulted in a percentage decrease in white blood cell count by 35.37% and albumin by 31.23 %. The extract at 600mg significantly decreased the testosterone and C- Reactive Protein by 59.88% and 69.47% respectively. Conclusion: The inflammatory bio-markers (prostate specific antigen, albumin, white blood cell count, testosterone, and C-reactive protein) studied after treatment revealed that aqueous soursop pulp extract is promising in the management of benign prostate hyperplasia.

Introduction: The present study was conducted to identify factors associated with late recourse to prenatal consultation in the city of Mbandaka. Method: This study was based on a case-control survey. A total of 650 pregnant women (325 cases and 325 controls) responded to a structured questionnaire. Cases were pregnant women seen late in the ANC service and each was paired with a control who came to the first antenatal visit in the first trimester. The data were analysed using SPSS 22 software where multivariate analyses based on the logistic regression model allowed the research objectives to be met. The risk of error considered was 0.05. Results: The factors associated with late recourse to ANC were: cost of ANC (p<0.01); lack of financial means (p<0.01); lack of motivation (p<0.01); shame (p<0.01); unavailability of the pregnant woman (p<0.01); traditional practice before performing ANC (p<0.01); parity (p<0.05) and marital status (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of ANC remains late in Mbandaka. Any action aimed at encouraging pregnant women to start ANC in the first trimester of pregnancy should focus on improving the socio-familial environment, the service offer, socio-economic characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics and socio-demographic characteristics.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risk management is an effort made to manage the risks of work accidents to minimize the risk of work accidents in a company. The aim and target of OHS risk management is to create an OHS system in the work environment that involves all parties, so as to reduce the number of workplace accidents and create a safe workplace. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the implementation of the OHS risk management system in the company. In this research, identification and analysis of accident risk have been successfully carried out, as well as making suggestions for risk mitigation in a company in the corrugated carton box sector. In addition, work accident investigations have also been carried out to determine the cause of a work accident and detect latent sources of hazards that were not detected in the risk identification process.

General academic English has become a new trend during the transitional period of college English reform in China. This paper introduces its construction practice in North China Electric Power University（Baoding）from the following aspects: need analysis, course objectives, course content, course arrangement, course evaluation and course implementation effect. This paper aims to provide theoretical basis and practical experience for the construction of general academic English curriculum and the reform of College English.

Background: This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel in chronic periodontitis pockets. The rationale behind using Statins is that this class of drugs has a potential anti-inflammatory effect on oral epithelial cells, blocking the intermediate metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. Statins also modulate bone formation by increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 providing a new direction in the field of periodontal therapy. Statin administration decreases GCF levels of pro-inflammatory mediators which are responsible for much of the host tissue destruction seen in periodontitis. Metformin acts at molecular level via both AMPK (5’adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase) dependent & AMPK independent pathways. It shows effects on Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), differentiation of monocytes into macrophages as well as suppressing IL-2, interferon (IFN)-γ and TNF-α from these macrophages which thereby improved the periodontal clinical parameters. There is no evidence of literature till now comparing the clinical efficacy of 1.2% Simvastatin gel with 1% Metformin gel in patients with chronic periodontitis. Method: The study population consisted of 48 sites from chronic periodontitis patients, divided into 3 groups which received sub gingival irrigation with Scaling and root planning alone, SRP with 1.2% Simvastatin gel and SRP with1% Metformin gel. Results: 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel improve the periodontal health with statistically significant improvement in the PPD, RAL, RGML values as compared to SRP alone. Conclusion: LDD systems using gel formulations are advantageous because of their sustainability, prolonged release, stability in the pockets, clinical effect of 1.2% Simvastatin gel and 1% Metformin gel improves the periodontal health compared to SRP alone.

Background: The effects of cholesterol and statin therapy on serum uric acid (SUA) concentration are poorly known, and the latter's effects are even less clear. A mean atorvastatin dosage of 24 mg/dl satisfies the American Cardiovascular Assessment Campaign management objectives and dramatically lowers prevalence of chronic in individuals with cardiovascular events, according to the Greek Drug and Cardiovascular Evaluation research. We compare the temporal evolution of SUA levels in patients receiving standard treatment who received insufficient statin therapy (12 percent received statins) to patients receiving formalised care who received atorvastatin therapy almost exclusively (98 percent). Methods: In this study 160 individuals with abnormal lipid profiles in their blood were enrolled to investigate the connection between lipid profile and uric acid in dyslipidemic patients (dyslipidemia). It was a 5-month cross-sectional study conducted at Dr Abdul Sattar Lab Sialkot using a convenient sampling method. The uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels of enrolled participants were measured. In short, we performed uric acid and lipid profile tests on under-observation samples to investigate the association between uric acid and lipid profile parameters in the enrolled (dyslipidemic) individuals. Result: This research looks at people between the ages of 20 and 60. The Graph shows that (15) patients are between the ages of 20 and 30, (46) patients are between the ages of 31 and 40, (74) patients are between the ages of 41 and 50, and (25) patients are between the ages of 51 and 60.Patients of both sexes are covered. It was found that there exist significant positive relationship between uric acid and lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients. This study shows a positive correlation between LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol and uric acid whereas a negative correlation was observed between HDL and uric acid. According to the current results, when uric acid rises, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) rise as well. But High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) falls with the increase in uric acid levels. As a result, this study may be useful in reducing the incidence of related cardiovascular morbidities, and we will be able to predict dyslipidemia more accurately, which may further leads to CVDs. As the rate of CVDs rises in Pakistan, it is becoming increasingly necessary to investigate the factors that are directly linked to the disease. Conclusion: This article's objective was to investigate any connections between Uric Acid and Lipid Profile. Because dyslipidemia predicts the risk of coronary artery disease, so uric acid levels should be considered in these individuals for more complete risk factor prediction and treatment. Increased levels of lipid profile parameters can lead to serious heart diseases, and the only way to avoid this is to get a quick diagnosis of the disease.

This study examines the effect of monetary policy on the financial performance of Flour Mills Nigeria plc using an annual dataset from 1990 to 2021. The financial performance is measured as return on assets while monetary policy is a proxy by monetary policy rate. Other control variables in the model are exchange rate, inflation rate and managerial efficiency. In the estimation, this study employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results of this study reveal that monetary policy has a significant negative effect on the financial performance of flour mills plc while the exchange rate and inflation rate have no significant influence on the financial performance of the company. The result further suggested that managerial efficiency has a significant positive effect on the financial performance of the sampled firm. According to the results, this study recommended that monetary authorities should cut down the monetary policy rate. The foregoing will serve as an incentive for the company to increase its production operation and in the long will help to boost output and financial performance. Finally, the study recommends the need for the company to strengthen its efforts in improving managerial efficiency because of its positive influence on financial performance.

Introduction: Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign neurogenic tumor that develops from sympathetic ganglionic cells. It is mainly located in the retroperitoneal region. Observation: This is a 39-year-old patient with no pathological history who has been seen for right back pain. Abdominal CT showed a right adrenal tumor with diameters of 40mm×22.5mm, a spontaneous density of >10 HU before injection, and > 31.5 HU after injection with a wash-out at late time < 40%. The hormonal balance reversed the secreting character of the mass, surgical treatment was indicated, histological analysis came back in favor of adrenal ganglioneuroma. Conclusion: Although benign, the ganglioneuroma may present malignant aspects, including scanographic that can mislead the clinician. Therefore, histology remains the examination of choice to make the diagnosis.

Infectious pathologic changes caused by pathogens, which are harmful that enter the body by bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites. Infectious-diseases can range in severity from very mild to very dangerous. Numerous human diseases are caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. Capparis spp. that have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including spermidine, carotenoids, quercetin, tocopherol, and rutin by the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-leishmanial action. Carrot seed oil (Daucus carota) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) both exhibit antibacterial action respectively. Curcumin and its derivatives were found to have more potent anti-bacterial activity against several strains of S. pneumonia. Oregano oil and carvacrol has revealed that they have anti-viral properties against respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV), that causes respiratory disease, rotavirus, a frequent condition of diarrhea in theng children, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Sweet basil extract, which contain ingredients like ursolic acid and apigenin, have powerful antiviral properties against hepatitis B, herpes and enterovirus. Candida infections have fewer severe side effects and less cost load than chemical medications, can be treated with new pharmaceuticals, plant, and herbal items.

This paper examined health sector readiness and COVID-19 containment in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study concerned itself with the responses from the health sector, which determines its readiness to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as a health emergency. The study was guided by contingency theory. Contingency theory argues that there is no specific and best way of solving problems affecting society and therefore lays emphasis on solutions to problems. Data was collected from secondary sources using content analysis. The analysis indicated that the post-epidemic level of preparedness was poor due to decades of neglect arising from leadership ineptitude, underfunding, and inadequate training in the health sector. However, post-epidemic response and containment efforts, which have kept the fatality rate at 1.3%, demonstrate the importance of prioritization of needs under resource constraint. The drastic contingency measures of sit-at-home, lockdown, and border closure, together with emergency purchase, donor and stakeholder funding, and assistance in the provision of required medical facilities, were an apt product of resilience and courage under fire. The study recommends, among other things, increased budgetary allocation for overall health sector development in line with international best practices. This must be driven by a visionary and pragmatic leader.