Synthesis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from jute sticks has been studied and reported in this work. The successful removal of lignin and hemi-cellulose has been confirmed through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to measure the crystal size and crystallinity index. The FTIR analysis revealed that the acid hydrolysis had an effect on the crystalline of the fibre; however it did not influence the chemical components of the fibres. Pharmaceutical standard tests were done. Higher concentration of sodium chlorite produces minimum particle size and the effective thermal degradation occurs at 340 °C.

In this research work, Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Carica papaya leaf extract via green route. The physicochemical parameters including boiling point, color, odor, density, pH as well as the solubility of papaya leaf extract were first determined before proceeding with the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The formation of Silver Nanoparticles first, was identified by color change from light brown to dark brown after the nucleation of the metal ions indicating that phytoconstituents of Carica papaya resulted in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0, a phenomenon that could be attributed to the surface Plasmon absorption. The bio fabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV – Visible and SEM to be certain of its formation before being deployed in the antibacterial studies. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed maximum absorbance of 1.05 at a corresponding wavelength (λ max) of 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of silver NPs from papaya leaves which is characteristic of Silver Nanoparticles. SEM image revealed that, the synthesized silver nanoparticles have a spinel like structure and an average size of about 50nm. The antibacterial studies of Silver nanoparticles were conducted against B. subtilis, K. pneunoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. typhi. Different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500μg/L of Silver nanoparticles were tested against each pathogen. The inhibition zone increases generally with increase in concentrations of silver nanoparticles. At higher concentration of 500μg/L, the zones of inhibition were in the following order; 24.44mm, 17.64mm, 17.52mm, 16.88mm, and 16.00mm for B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and S. typhi respectively. The zone of inhibition for Augmentin was found to be higher compared to silver nanoparticles for each pathogen, except for P. aeruginosa where it is almost the same, an indication of high activity of silver nanoparticles against P. aeruginosa due to the comparability with Augmentin. For each concentration investigated, B. subtilis demonstrated higher zone of inhibition as compared to other pathogens studied in this work, hence, Ag NPs may be a potential antibiotic.

Calculation of Pressurized Fan Capacity and Static Pressure for Wisma Sudirman Building – Jakarta. A Pressurized staircase is a significant piece of the fire safety strategy of tall structures. Long departure times are repaid by making safe conditions inside departure staircases permitting considering the uprooting time inside those stairs as time where inhabitants can be viewed as sheltered. In accordance with Minister of Public Works Regulation No: 26/PRT/M/2008 concerning Technical Requirements for Fire Protection Systems in Buildings and the Environment, in every building where the occupied height exceeds 24m, each internal fire stair must be pressurized according to the requirements in the regulation. All pressurization requirements for fire stair in this regulation must comply with the applicable standard provisions in SNI No. 03-6571-2001 or latest edition. The capacity and static pressure of the fire stair fan has been calculated for the Wisma Sudirman building, Jakarta, which obtained a capacity of 34,820 cfm and a static fan head of 2.42 "WG.

Evolution of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) in telemedicine field keep increased along with needs and enhancement of services, nevertheless an efficient and effective form of communication becomes essential for any type of wireless communication network. One of the most important parameter for designing communication network is path loss exponent. Based on that, the purpose of this research is to know the propagation characteristics for on-body and off-body communication by comparing the simulation and measurement using magnetic textile antenna at 2.45 GHz and 924 MHz with distance variation in LOS and NLOS conditions. In this research, friis formula is used to get the path loss exponent value that shows the characteristics of propagation. The calculation of path loss exponent value for simulation and measurement for on-body communication with LOS and NLOS conditions are between 1.7-1.9 while off-body with LOS and NLOS conditions are between 2.1-5.2. These results show that the body affects path loss exponents value and have own characteristics.

A healthy parent-child relationship can be defined as the relationship where parents provide for their child's physical, emotional, and developmental needs. Egalitarian parenting is taken to be the representative of American image and the west and is after by other countries in the world. As comparison with the West, China, the representative of the eastern in the world is always criticized for the authoritarian parent-child relationship. This paper analyzes the development and performance of egalitarianism in children-rearing in America after WWI and China after WWII from four periods: authoritarian generation VS founding generation; depression generation VS turbulent construction generation; baby-boom generation VS Reform and opening up generation; info-child generation(1965-)vs (1994-), and investigates the reasons from the aspects of ideology and socialization.

The quest for scarce land resources in Balikumbat Sub-Division has created rivalry over abundant borderland resources between some five villages for over four decades (1980s-2020). To diagnose this issue, this paper focuses on inter-tribal land conflicts and its implications on the development of Balikumbat sub division. The study seeks to identify and spatialize the different zones/villages in Balikumbat Sub-Division where inter-tribal land conflicts are inherent in a bid to examine the causes of these conflicts so as to assess its implications on the development of this municipality. The methodology used entailed field observations, questionnaires administration, interviews and focus group discussions. Existing literature provided an important starting point for further analysis of the extent of the problem under consideration. The findings have un-earth the fact that the main inter-tribal land conflicting hot spots constitute areas rich in fertile soils. Besides, economic motives, long historical legacies, political and social motives are the leading causes for the scramble over fertile farmlands across some village boundaries in Balikumbat Sub division over time and space. The implications of these conflicts are felt mainly in the socio-economic sector. The agricultural sector ranks first with about 50% drop in agricultural output as large parcels of land are left idle due to entrenched conflicts. The peasant populations have been displaced with massive destruction of property, crops, livestock and even lives. The efforts made by the government and these local communities in the past to resolve these conflicts have yielded very little success because conflicts have remained a common idiosyncrasy as they resurface often. These findings suggest the need for intensive sensitisation to the natives of Balikumbat on the importance of owning land certificates. This may limit verbal and traditional land ownership opening flood gates for a more sustainable land ownership.

Fascism is a fluid and unknown phenomenon in the world of politics and especially in the field of governance, a phenomenon whose nature; despite all the efforts of theorists and thinkers in the field of political and social sciences, remains in an aura of ambiguity. Fascism is like a mirror room in allegory, every essence that is placed in it is lost in thousands of images of its kind and this confusion is the same populism that the idea of fascism seeks in different social strata as its destination. In this article, we try to provide general results from the origins of fascism; its characteristics and patterns of behavior, especially in the field of pluralism and how it treats modernity, by providing explanations of fascism research, to finally find out which political component or components fascism with such a fluid nature seeks to achieve. In a sense, the purpose of this article is to investigate and explain the relationship between fascist institutions and modernity and how to use its indicators. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical which has explained the subject with an interpretive-critical approach. The analysis of this article is based on a systematic method based on the keywords of fascism and modernity.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a variable clinical picture ranging from asymptomatic to severe or even critical forms that can be life-threatening. The biological assessment can also be within the limits of normality, even little disturbed or outright witness of an excessive inflammatory response or a real cytokine storm which would follow the virological phase of the disease. The objective of our study is to evaluate the contribution of inflammatory biomarkers: LDH, procalcitonin (PCT), ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the level of lymphocytes, in the prediction of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We collected 79 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 on the basis of a set of clinical, radiological and / or biological arguments, which we divided into two groups: Survivors (N = 45) and deceased (N = 34). All these patients had all the biomarkers measured upon admission. Results: In our study, we found that the levels of the four inflammatory biomarkers studied in our series were elevated in both groups of patients (survivors and decedents), however, the decedents did not have significantly higher levels than the survivors (P >0.05).

Perforation of the gallbladder during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is common and results in the spillage of stones into the abdominal cavity. Most of these buried gallbladder stones are clinically silent, but a small percentage can develop complications such as infections, abscesses, and fistulas months or years after surgery If these stones are ignored and not removed from the abdominal cavity. This review presents a 59-year-old woman who was complicated by chronic supra-umbilical discharge from the camera site port, after six months of surgery. The patient had a previous history of multiple abscess drainage, and the radiological examination revealed abdominal gallstones in the abdominal cavity and attached to the abdominal wall with no connection to the abdominal organs. This study discusses our case and reviews the literature on the prevention and treatment of spilled gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Song Ci, as a kind of literary expression, serves as an important part of Chinese literature. Ci writers use the technique of metaphor to express their feelings, but scholars have relatively little research on the English translation of Song Ci metaphors. Guided by the conceptual metaphor theory, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the translations of Xu Yuanchong and Clara Candlin from three aspects: structural metaphor, ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor to explore appropriate translation methods of reducing the loss of metaphor, and to make the target readers appreciate similar metaphor images as the original readers.

Periodontitis is a risk factor for children who practice poor oral hygiene at home. This is due to the higher frequency of association between children’s and parents’ microbiota. It is likely due to the influence of both, hereditary and environmental factors. Although it is possible for periodontal disease to be passed down across generations, the underlying mechanism behind this is still unknown. According to clinical study, genetic predisposition accounts for 50% of an individual’s sensitivity to periodontal disease. Because clear information on the issue is sparse, the purpose of this study is to examine the known studies on the impact of a family history of periodontal disease on children. English-language articles, case reports, and case series published from 2013 to 2022, taken from the Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and MEDLINE databases (through PubMed) in accordance with PRISMA criteria were reviewed to research children with a history of periodontal disease. researchers for relevant materials. Twenty-nine children from various case studies were included in the present systematic study. In nine of the 29 studies, no family members had Hereditary gingival fibromatosis, a kind of periodontal disease while a family member had in the other 20 studies. One person had Zimmemrman-Laband Syndrome, two had severe periodontal disease, one had juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, and the other two had non-syndromic Hereditary gingival fibromatosis in four independent tests. In three case studies, children whose parents have periodontitis are likely to have periodontal disease. Children who have periodontal disease are more likely to develop the illness and should be checked and treated very once. More research is needed, especially well-designed studies that avoid the flaws mentioned in the publications included in this review.

Background: The current era is a digital era. Every individual spending a lot of time using digital screens for almost everything from work and school to socializing and fun. COVID-19 pandemic further increased the screen time as people stayed indoors and forced to spend more time on screen media. Several studies conducted and revealed the effects of excessive screen time on health and wellbeing. Since youth are the change makers of the society, the current study aimed to conduct on the youths. Results: The findings of the study revealed that, youth in Saudi Arabia spending 7 hrs. daily on an average on screen media. Gender wise females are spending (8 hrs. average) more time on screen media than males (7 hrs. average). Watching movies and other entertaining programs and social media use have highly significant association with increased screen time. More than 50% participants agreed with the fact that their amount of screen media use behaviour affecting their life in diverse way such as, they neglect daily activities, losing sleep, grades suffer and it bothers to their family too. Physical wellbeing markers such as BMI (0.03), suffering from asthma (0.006), suffering from headache often (0.03), suffering from food indigestion often (0.03); psychological wellbeing markers like, feel depressed/low mood/sad often (0.004) and feel lonely often (0.05) have significant association with daily amount of screen time. Social wellbeing markers such as like to spend time with family (< 0.001), like to talk or visit with friends or relatives (< 0.001), like parties (< 0.001) and academic performance marker like grade achieved in recent exam attended (< 0.001) have highly significant association with daily amount of screen time among the Saudi youths. Conclusions: The current study is an eye opener for the whole world to sensitize them for limiting their screen time in order to live a healthy, happy and more active lifestyle.

The study examined the impact of fiscal policy on unemployment in Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to find out the relationship between fiscal policy like recurrent expenditure, capital expenditure, debt servicing and some variables like inflation rate, interest rate spread, gross fixed capital formation on unemployment. The study used expo-factor research design with Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) in analyzing the data collected from CBN statistical bulletin. The result revealed that government capital expenditure, gross fixed capital formation and debt servicing impacted significantly on unemployment, while inflation rate, interest rate and recurrent government expenditure had insignificant impact on unemployment. Based on the findings, the study concludes that fiscal policy has a significant impact on unemployment. It was recommended that government expenditure should be channeled towards productive sectors which are capable of absorbing the teeming unemployed in the society and not luxuries and stop further acquiring more loans.

This study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of the methanolic extract of Cylicodiscus gabunensis stem bark, a plant traditionally used against female fertility problems. Acute toxicity was evaluated in rats by sequential administration of a single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg of body weight of extract according to the method described by protocol 425 of the Organization for Cooperation and economic development. Subacute toxicity was assessed by daily administration of the extract at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days. The weight evolution and the signs of toxicity were observed, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the blood of the animals were collected and analysed. The administration of the extract at 2000 and 5000 mg/kg caused no death and no toxic signs. The weight evolution, the biochemical and haematological parameters of the surviving rats were analysed and compared with those of the controls. Acute oral toxicity data determined that the LD50 of the extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Repeated dose administration did not cause any deaths or significant changes in haematological parameters. Some signs of intoxication were however noted and certain biochemical parameters analysed in the rats showed statistically significant differences compared to the controls. A decrease in creatinine was observed on the renal level, an increase in transaminases and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase on the hepatic level. An increase in total proteins at 100 and 200 mg/kg and triglycerides at 100 mg/kg were observed and also a significant drop in LDL-cholesterol at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. This study shows that the stem barks of C. gabunensis would be moderately toxic in repeated oral administration, additional studies should be carried out to determine the effect of the extract on the tissues of the different organs.

The most popular way to invest is through mutual funds in today's world. Profitability is particularly high in the Saudi financial market for mutual fund companies. Investors prefer Islamic mutual funds over non-Islamic mutual funds because they believe they are more secure and risk-free. This research aims to vary the customer preferences toward Islamic mutual funds, which offer higher returns within the Saudi economic market. All these will be identified as victimization sure key facts. With the assistance of those critical facts, a capitalist will analyze dissimilar mutual funds and put his cash in an exceeding fund that fits his exposure perception. This study evaluated the Mutual fund returns using, Maximum returns, Minimum returns, and Average returns compounded by the annual growth rate. The standard deviation and risk per average return (standard deviation/average return) have been used to evaluate the risk and return of the funds. Furthermore, fund managers assess the fund’s performance in terms of –Performance for the existing year (YTD) of the fund. As a result of the research, it was discovered that the overall performance of mutual investments in Saudi Arabia's economic market was better than expected for all the selected funds.