Bhattacharjee (2017) mentions that sometimes people lie to inflate their image and to cover up bad behavior. The capacity for dishonesty is essential as the need to trust others, which is ironically puzzling to detect. Finally, it would be enunciated that lie is human. Similar to Bhattacharjee, DePaulo et al., (1996) state that people lie continually about their feelings, actions, plans, whereabouts, achievements, and knowledge. This phenomenon fascinates the researchers to carefully probe it in one of TV series entitled 13 Reasons Why (Season 2). In this TV series, the main character, Clay Jansen seems to do some lies due to his capacity in court as the witness of Hannah’s suicide. He indeed does not want to engage in the trial but Hannah’s spirit is haunted him to uncover the case. Employing Cooperative Principles (CP) proposed by Grice (1975) and premises of motivations (instrumental, relational, and identity) of deception by Buller and Burgoon (1996), this investigation is conducted to reveal lying behavior of the main character and his motivations of doing it. Under descriptive qualitative method, the analysis results that all four maxims are violated. It also reveals that Clay employs three lie motivations which disclose his lying behavior. Instrumental motivation is applied to avoid punishment and to protect source of information. Then, relational motivation is exploited to redirect the social interaction and to protect interlocutors’ feeling. Last, identity motivation is operated to protect his private feeling and to project a favorable image.

Effort distribution is an often-mentioned term in interpreting practices and research. Effort Model, which is designed to reveal the distribution of efforts during interpreting, has become one of the most cited models to deal with the issue of cognitive load and has been adopted by researchers to analyze corresponding strategies. The paper presents the content of Effort Model and analyzes the strategies and methods designed upon model, with the hope of providing suggestions for future interpreting practices.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising mainly in the transformation zone of the cervix. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide after breast cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma constitute the greatest burden, globally as well as in Bangladesh. Most patients in developing countries including Bangladesh present at advanced stage. Histopathological types of cervical cancer influence the treatment outcome when treated by radiation therapy. To reduce mortality from cervical cancer and improve survival, it is necessary to correlation of clinical presentation, staging and histopathological findings. Objectives: To find the correlation among clinical presentation, clinical staging and histopathological findings in patients with carcinoma cervix. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Gynaecologic division of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital, Dhaka over a period 6 months between October 2013 to March 2014. A total of 50 patients with histologically confirmed carcinoma cervix were consecutively included in the study. Clinical presentation, staging and histopathological grading were done to see the correlations among them. All information was recorded in data collection sheet. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Data were compared and correlated among groups and presented by tables and figures. Results: Over two-thirds (70%) of the patients were of age 50 or > 50 years with mean age being 51.8 ± 7.7 years indicating that carcinoma cervix is disease of late middle aged or elderly women. In the present study patients were predominantly at menopausal stage (76%). Vaginal discharge was the predominant complaints (66%) followed by irregular bleeding (54%), postcoital bleeding (34%) and foul smelling discharge per vagina. Seventy percent of the cases were clinically categorised as stage IB1 followed by IB2 (16%), IA (6%), IIB2 (4%) and IIIA (4%). Histopathologically majority of the cases was ranked as Grade-II (90%) and typed as squamous-cell carcinoma (94%). Based of clinical symptoms, 42% of the carcinoma cervix were predicted as having advanced disease, but based on clinical staging and histopathological 8% and 6% of the cases respectively were considered having advanced. Conclusion: Present study concluded that clinical staging well-correlates with histopathological grading, but prediction of the status of the disease with mere clinical symptoms may be misleading.

Since the outbreak of the Anglophone crisis in 2016, media professionals and ordinary people in Cameroon have been constantly producing hate speech via all forms of media, especially the social media platform called Facebook. This is believed to have far reaching consequences on the targeted individuals, groups and on national unity at large. This paper investigates how hate speech is represented in some posts and comments by Cameroonians on Facebook during Anglophone crisis. Data was gotten from some popular Facebook ‘groups’, ‘pages’ and the ‘personal walls’ of some Cameroonian activists. The paper reveals that hate speech for the most part on Facebook during the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon is based on ethno-political groupings, represented through the use of inclusive/non-inclusive pronouns, and words and expressions that excite hatred such as terrorists, Ambafools/Ambafrogs; Anglofou/Anglofools; Graffi; Cam no go; Bamileke Marquissard; La Republic/LRC; Francofools; and CPDM monsters. These words and expressions are further intensified through the use of deictic expressions and several demeaning adjectives, metaphors and similes. To solve this problem, the paper proposes some alternative words and expressions that can be used by Cameroonians both online and offline to reduce the rate of hate speech in Cameroon. The paper firmly holds that if work is done for the social and cultural transformation of all the people of Cameroon, then the usage of hate speech in Cameroon during and after the Anglophone crisis will be reduced.

The low insertion of the medial arcuate ligament is a rare topographical form which is the cause of an extrinsic compression of the coeliac trunk. In its asymptomatic form, its research is necessary if interventional radiology or above- meso-colonic surgery is required at the risk of compromising the evolution of vascular and/or pancreatico-bilio-digestive therapeutic gestures. The authors report a case of inserted and compressive low medial arcuate ligament of the coeliac trunk.

Joint effusion is a common clinical problem throughout the world. Synovial fluid analysis is one of the most important diagnostic tests to differentiate various inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases. Gross examination and cell count of synovial fluid are two important test modalities. A comparison of performances of the tests would enable us to emphasize on the diagnostic procedures for better outcomes. A total of 105 cases were included in this study, performances of the tests such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of each test modality were calculated for comparison. Joint effusions were diagnosed as 19 rheumatoid arthritis, 12 non- inflammatory, 15 inflammatory, 14 infective, 7 tubercular, 4 traumatic, 6 osteoarthritis, 5 crystal induced arthritis, 6 non- specific arthritis and 8 normal cases. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of cell count were 76.19%, 72.72%, 94.11%, 98.46% and 40% respectively and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of gross examination were 71.42%, 68.18%, 88.23%, 96.77% and 34.88% respectively. The individual parameters of synovial fluid study overlaps among each other test modalities and a combination of test procedures would yield better performances for diagnosis.

This article examines total fertiliser use in India as well as the distribution of fertiliser subsidies granted by the Indian government to its farmers. The paper primarily studies the consumption of fertilisers (NPK) from 1950-51 to 2020-21. However, the information related to the distribution of fertiliser subsidies covers the period from 1980–1981 to 2021–2022. The author further went on to analyze the fertilizer subsidy distribution concerning the agricultural GDP and the overall GDP figures of the nation to get an idea of the effectiveness of investment on the fertilizer subsidies in India.

A practically important parameters of strength and chemical resistance of polyepoxide based on resin-analogue ED-20 with PEPA hardener, filled with microdispersed powders of Si, Zr, Cr, Nb, Ti, Mo carbides, have been experimentally studied in this article. The microstructure of the composites is characterized by a relatively uniform dense distribution of filler agglomerates, which can be seen in the example of compositions with 50 wt% TiC and ZrC. The absence of a significant effect of carbides on the temperature ranges of oxidative degradation of composites was established. Swelling method established that filling can radically increase the resistance of composites to acetone organic solvents. At the same time, resistance in an acidic environment is noticeably reduced (for example, nitric acid). It was found that the introduction of 50 wt% carbide fillers gives a significant increase in the strength and modulus of elasticity during compression of the composites. There is also a decrease in shrinkage and an increase in adhesion to steel (with normal tearing).

Introduction: Masseter muscle hypertrophy can cause a prominent mandibular angle, which results in an unaesthetic lower face contour. Botox injection is a minimally invasive procedure compared to conventional surgery and is safe and easy to handle. Patients often request an aesthetic alteration by surgical procedures or masseter muscle injections to attain an aesthetic facial contour. While aesthetic surgery can reshape the lower face contour, numerous patients still choose a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. Aim: This study aims to review published articles that discussed the effect of buccal fat pad removal versus masseter muscle Botox for improving facial aesthetics. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed from multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. The most eligible articles were included using specific keywords. The literature search was limited to full-text English articles, which were screened for eligibility by two reviewers. Results and Discussion: Six studies were included in our study, these studies demonstrated that aesthetic results were improved in all discussed clinical trials. However, more clinical trials are needed for fat pad removal surgery trials. Conclusion: Our study showed that masseter muscle Botox injection can improve overall facial aesthetic appearance. However, more clinical trials are needed for buccal fat pad removal surgery.

This paper reports the need to enrich the teaching and learning of the English language and Literature through the use of ICT and group methodology. The research was quasi-experimental in approach. A structured questionnaire using three-point scales was administered to 30 respondents from two schools each in Kaduna, Kano, and Zamfara State (meaning 5 respondents from each school). The questionnaire was used in collecting data for analysis. Data were analysed using statistical tools of frequency (F) and percentage (%). The average age of the participants was 25 and above. The results emanating from this revealed that using ICT and group methodology has been reported to be an effective teaching method for improving students’ attitudes toward English and Literature acquisition. This paper however recommends the adoption and adaptation of using ICT and group methods for regular conduct of both face-to-face and online teaching.

Background: Preeclampsia, a hypertension condition that develops during pregnancy, is one of the most common causes of premature labour and delivery, perinatal death, and maternal mortality. Preeclampsia and other hypertensive diseases of pregnancy complicate a significant percentage of all pregnancies, necessitating early detection and warning. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the presence of serum level of albumin, uric acid and creatinine in pregnant women who developed symptoms of preeclampsia and who are free from symptoms of preeclampsia. Method: A prospective study was carried out among 119 pregnant women in the outpatient Department of obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from June 2005 July 2006.Details and data obtained from medical records section were analyzed. Results: Among 119 women, PE developed in 10 patients and 109 patients remain normotensive. Among the study group incidence of PE was 8.4%. The mean age was 25.48±5.26 vs 25.60±3.89 in control vs PE subjects respectively. At booking the mean SBP was 104.40±10.67 vs 121.50±6.26, mean DBP was 65.73±6.41 vs 68.00±5.87, mean MAP was 77.66±5.28 vs 78.62±6.39 respectively in control and PE subjects. The mean serum albumin (gm/dl) of the study groups were as follows: control 2.97±0.55 vs PE 3.73±0.52. Serum creatinine of the study group (0.78±8.5 and 0.79±6.11 in control vs PE) and serum uric acid (2.24±0.71 and 2.65±0.56 in control vs PE) shows no significant difference at booking visit. The sensitivity of S. albumin, uric acid and creatinine area is 50%, 10%, 0%. Specificity of serum albumin is 5.25%, uric acid is 9.09%. But specificity of creatinine is high (97%) positive predictive value of all parameters are low. PPV of serum albumin is 4.76%, serum creatinine is 6.6%. Negative predictive value of creatinine is high (72%). Negative predictive value of serum albumin and serum uric acid are 6.42% and 9.12% respectively. Conclusion: In developing nations, pre-eclampsia is a common cause of maternal and neonatal illness. In maternal serum, many biochemical markers of pre-eclampsia have been identified. Uric acid, creatinine, and albumin are only a few of them. Uncorrelated serum uric acid, serum creatinine, or serum urea readings are insufficient to be considered as reliable predictors of preeclampsia.

C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes were investigated in crude oils from Niger Delta, Nigeria. From comparison of the mass chromatograms (m/z 191) of two crude oil samples (CEN-21 and WST-69) with related literatures on tricyclic terpanes which eluted from the gas chromatography (GC) within certain retention time, 12 peaks were selected. Peaks 1 - 5 were selected as C20 tricyclic terpane isomers (TR20a-e) and peaks 6 - 12 selected as C21 tricyclic terpanes (TR21a-g). This distribution is usually as crude oils show a single peak each and indicate the distribution of C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes in the Niger Delta crude oils is uncommon. Total abundances showed the C20 and the C21 tricyclic terpanes were more in CEN-21 than WST-69 with ratios of 3.07 and 1.84, respectively, with TR20a, TR20b, TR20d and TR21d being the most abundant isomers in both oil samples. These abundances indicate CEN-21 was thermally more mature than WST-69 and that the C20 tricyclic terpanes were generated more than the C21 tricyclic terpanes with increasing thermal maturity of the crude oils. Significant similarities observed in the normalized composition profiles and 66 derived ratios suggest the Niger Delta crude oil samples were genetically related and were predominantly derived from terrigenous Tertiary deltaic petroleum systems. Some differences observed in the composition profile and derived ratios indicate minor input from a different source, depositional environment and/or maturity level and are suggestive as indicators for evaluation, correlation and/or discrimination of the Niger Delta crude oils.

Introduction: Conservative endodontics advocates sparingly altering standard procedures in order to preserve tooth structure if possible. Every bit of structure that is saved is a benefit, according to conservative endodontics. As a result, conservative endodontics may be performed by both endodontists and general dentists. Aim and Objective: The comprehensive evaluation of conventional radiology employed in endodontic conservative therapy has as its primary goal the endodontic conservative therapy. Methodology: The electronic databases that underwent rigorous individual searches were Embase, Google Scholar, LILACS and MEDLINE using the Ebsco search engine, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: Conventional radiography (CR) is without a doubt the most widely used imaging method for evaluating root canals due to its availability, affordability, and convenience. Digital Radiography (DR) has gained popularity as a replacement for CR because it offers better image quality and enables the dentist to do radiographic exams with less radiation exposure. Conclusion: For root canal treatment, radiographic diagnostic value is essential. Additionally, this technique is utilized to find procedural errors, resorptive defects, and fractures. Radiographic examinations are important because they provide details on how difficult the therapy is.

This study aims to explore, identify and understand the design and the strategy for healthcare delivery at both macro and micro levels in an informatics field in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For both patients and professionals, health information technology offers greater quality, safer treatment, and much more. Despite their potential, they are expensive to create and execute. The success of applied information technology in healthcare, on the other hand, is determined by user acceptance and utilisation. This study offers a framework for analysing how health professionals view and intend to use health information technology. To define the primary factors to be assessed, thorough literature research was done. As a measuring methodology, a questionnaire was created and sent to the experts, who are information systems professionals with at least five years of experience. According to a five-point Likert scale, the replies were generally highly agreed, with roughly 79 per cent agreeing. Female respondents were more accepting of electronic data storage than male ones. Other notable distinctions between occupations were also discovered.

Background: Measurement of Prostate Volume (PV) is fundamental in the proper management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although a crude way of assessing PV, digital rectal examination (DRE) has been used in various centres and then objectified by the use of Transrectal Ultrasound Scan (TRUS) measurement for reasons of accuracy. Prostate volume measurement together with the use of international prostate symptom score (IPSS) is central in choosing treatment modalities whether medical or surgical. In this study, we aimed at correlating PV measured by DRE and TRUS. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study of seventy four (74) patients being managed for BPH in our facility between September 2019 and December 2020 who met inclusion criteria. Full clinical history was obtained together with physical examination and well-focused DRE of the prostate to estimate PV based on Romero et al., technique combined with the sliding scale technique. Subsequently patients were sent for TRUS measurements of the prostate which is also a routine procedure in BPH managements. Data were collated and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 Results: A total of 74 patients were studied with a mean age of 63.05±9.89 years ranging from 43 to 90 years. Mean PV estimated by DRE was 47.91±14.16 mls and that by TRUS was 53.42±25.33 mls. There was a statistically significant correlation in PV measurements between the two modalities (P v=.750, PV < .05). Conclusion: PV measured by DRE closely approximates TRUS measurements.