Community participation and collaboration among tourism stakeholders are considered key to promote sustainable tourism planning and development in the destinations. This study aims to critically analyse the role and context of community collaboration with tourism stakeholders to promote sustainable community development in the case of Annapurna Sanctuary Trail (AST) in the Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal. It has adopted multiple tools of data collection such as household’s survey, key informants interview, participant observation, informal discussion with local residents and archival research for examining the role and context of community collaboration with tourism stakeholders in settlements around AST. The survey results revealed that the current approach of ecotourism development is tenuous and does not truly satisfy the key objectives of ecotourism i.e. fostering inclusive participation and stakeholder’s collaboration. Although tourism has brought significant impacts on the local communities; the extent of these impacts is usually different with difference in the location of households, their level of interaction and exposure with tourists, their capacity and power to involve and influence the participation and collaboration process, and their education, skills, and financial resources. Overall, the existing approach to ecotourism planning is not able to implement the effective and efficient form of collaboration, and hence local community specifically farmers receive minimal benefits from the tourism. It is suggested to empower and enhance the collaborative capacity of local residents to actively participate and influence the planning process for receiving maximum benefits and promoting sustainable community development.

The intention of this paper was to find out the impact of Christian education curriculum in the application of Christian stewardship principles among Christian students of university of Ibadan, Nigeria. Three research questions were raised to guide the study to which answers were given based on the findings of the study. The descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted among Christian students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The study engaged a purposive sampling technique and 210 (two hundred and ten) Christian students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were purposively selected, including undergraduate and postgraduate students. The instrument for the study was a researcher designed questionnaire which benefited from literature. The instrument was validated and a reliability coefficient value of r= .71 was obtained. This adjudged the instrument to be reliable. An electronic questionnaire was sent to 210 (two hundred and ten) Christian students in the University of Ibadan through their fellowship presidents and coordinators. However, 205 Christian students responded to the questionnaire. The data was analysed using mean, mean percentage, standard deviation and ranking. Findings revealed some material pursuits among Christian students of UI to include exotic cars, latest gadgets such as phones and laptops, designer wears and accessories, visit expensive bars and club houses and books to study. The study also shows the extent Christian students in UI possess material things is moderate. Again, the study shows the application of Christian Stewardship principles among Christian students of UI to include stewardship of stewardship of ownership, responsibility, reward and accountability.

Introduction: Many women and girls face financial challenges in meeting their menstrual hygiene management needs. The main objective of this study is to estimate the financial cost of menstrual hygiene management among school-going girls. Methodology: This is a prospective study carried out in a semi-urban school environment at the Public High School in the health district of Bla in 2020. Results: This study was conducted among 125 high school girls with no income. The average age was 18 years old. Parents lived in rural areas with no fixed monthly income in 52% of cases. Multipurpose pieces of cloth were the protective material used in 67% of cases. The girls explained this choice in 100% of cases by the high cost of single pads and tampons. The average monthly cost of menstrual hygiene management was 0, 56 $ or 6, 67 $ per year with extremes of 0, 16 and 2, 45 $ per month. This amount was used to buy either single-use pads or soap for body care and multiple-use pads. This financial cost was covered at 92% by female support (mother, aunt, sister); male support (father, spouse) accounted for only 8%. Conclusion: This study made it possible to estimate the average annual financial cost of menstrual hygiene management among young school girls in Bla. These findings call for further studies to better understand the financial implications of menstrual hygiene management in low-resource settings.

We report here a 54 year male who presented with a complaint of left sided epistaxis for 5 days & a swelling on the hard palate palate for 8 years. CECT scan revealed a soft tissue lesion involving the hard palate and extending into the left maxillary sinus as well as both nasal cavities. Direct nasal endoscopic biopsy initially suggested an adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified. Immunohistochemistry delineated it as low-grade non-intestinal-type, which occur very uncommonly in the sinonasal region.

Background: Malaria is a highly infectious disease responsible for the significant mortality and is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. Different developed and developing nations have launched various initiatives to prevent diseases and eradicate them from society and for this understanding the disease and its various manifestations is crucial to achieving the goal of prevention and eradication. Aim: As a result, the current study was designed to investigate malaria knowledge or understanding among college/university students in the Jammu region in terms of their attitudes and practices toward malaria and its various dimensions. Method: For the current study, 400 students (undergraduate and graduate) were recruited, with an equal number of males and females in the age range of 18- 23 years. Result: According to the study's findings, young students' general awareness of malaria is below average, and no significant difference in knowledge of the diseases was observed between males and females. As a consequence, it was concluded that health education should be made mandatory in all educational institutions to promote student awareness, which may be enhanced through media such as television, newspapers, and social networks. Conclusion: The current study revealed that effective tactics and new methods are required for people to maintain proper awareness.

Extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Xylopia aethiopica have been used in the management and treatment of various ailments. This study investigated and compared the effects of ethanolic extract of both plants on estrogen in female wistar rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n=3): one group for control and groups 2-8 served as experimental test groups. At the end of twenty-five days of oral administration of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Xylopia aethiopica extract, the test rats were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia and estrogen was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results showed significant reduction in serum estrogen after administration of low dose of Tetrapleura tetraptera in Group 2 rats at P < 0.05, but a non-significant increase and decrease in serum estrogen level in Groups 3 and 4 respectively at P < 0.05. Xylopia aethiopica extract caused a non- significant decrease in serum Estrogen level in Groups 5 and 6, but a non-significant increase in estrogen level of Group 7 at P < 0.05. In contrast, serum estrogen was significantly increased in Group 8 rats at P < 0.05 when Tetrapleura tetraptera and Xylopia aethiopica extracts were administered simultaneously. In conclusion, results obtained in this study suggest that individually, both Tetrapleura tetraptera and Xylopia aethiopica can affect the secretion and concentration of estrogen. The combination of extract of both plants could exert a positive effect on female fertility by increasing the levels of Estrogen.

For their protection during the very adverse conditions produce different types of primary and the secondary metabolic compounds. As these stresses progressed in plants, a multi - gene response is triggered which caused changes in many of the proteins, signaling molecules, primary and secondary metabolites, amino acids and so on. The metabolism in plants is disrupted which leads to metabolic enzymes inhibition, substrates shortage, an increased demand of some particular compounds or all these factors combination. In this review, we showcase various kind of abiotic stresses which harms the plant. We also describe how the time scale variable stresses impact profile of secondary metabolites which could be used to identify different stresses. This paper has ability to attract researchers’ attention operating on the quantitative trait locus mapping with metabolites and also metabolomics genome wide linkage.

At present, the ICT industry of Bangladesh is expanding day by day and improving widely. The significance of the IT sector towards the global economy is increasing rapidly. Bangladesh is currently one of the finest sites to source IT support worldwide. By enhancing IT employee’s performance, this sector can be more ameliorated. Our paper seeks to study about the steps an organization takes to improve their employee’s performance. It also describes the expectation of employees from an organization as well as their environment, employee’s motivation, satisfaction level, and their work engagement. This paper also includes occupational stress levels among employees.

Background: The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is a network of medical devices and applications that are connected to the internet, allowing healthcare providers to remotely monitor and manage patient health. King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH) is a tertiary care hospital in Bahrain that has implemented various IoMT applications to improve patient care. Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate the application of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) in King Hamad University Hospital (KHUH) and its impact on patient care and hospital operations The study will be conducted at KHUH, which is a tertiary care hospital located in Bahrain. KHUH, accommodates 739 bed in all services. (In- patients including isolation rooms: 348, Out-patient clinics: 242, Other services: 149). That provides specialized medical services to patients from Bahrain and neighboring countries. Results: The survey results showed that the most commonly used IoMT applications were remote monitoring devices for vital signs, telemedicine platforms for virtual consultations, and electronic health records for patient data management. Healthcare providers reported that these applications were effective in improving patient outcomes, reducing hospital readmissions, and increasing efficiency in healthcare delivery. However, some challenges were identified during implementation, such as technical issues with connectivity and data security concerns. Conclusion: The implementation of IoMT applications in KHUH has shown promising results in improving patient care and healthcare delivery. However, ongoing efforts are needed to address the challenges faced during implementation to ensure the sustainability and scalability of these technologies. Further research is also needed to evaluate the long-term impact of IoMT on patient outcomes and healthcare costs.

Biofloc consists of special substances called probiotics, where probiotics contain beneficial microorganisms in cultivation activities. Probiotics can be given through feed and water (media). Probiotics can break down metabolic waste and stimulate an immune response so that fish health increases and affects growth. Probiotics have an effect on the growth of ti- lapia, but there is no information for freshwater pomfret. This study aims to determine the ef-fect of probiotic types on biofloc volume, water quality, and fish growth in pomfret culture (Colossoma macropomum) biofloc system. The method used was giving different types of probiotics, treatment A control, B EM4, C Probiotic-7, D Aquaenzym. The results of the re-search showed that the lowest pH of the system was 7.85, namely the pH of the probiotic-7 type. The mean floc growth measurement results for treatment A was 12.93, treatment B was 17.54, treatment C was 17.59, treatment D was 15.98. Aquaenzym probiotic has a fish surviv-al rate of 100% compared to other probiotics. The type of probiotic that has the best results in increasing the growth performance of freshwater pomfret (Colossoma macropomum) is probiotic-7.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a significant manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that affects the kidneys. Differentiating between active and inactive LN is essential for determining disease activity, tailoring treatment strategies, and monitoring patient outcomes. The clinical and laboratory status of LN patients provides valuable insights into the severity of renal involvement, response to treatment, and the potential for disease progression. Objective: To asses clinical and laboratory status of active and inactive LN patients. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from January, 2017 to June, 2018. This cross sectional study was performed on 60 biopsy proven lupus nephritis patients and 30 age and sex matched apparently healthy control subjects. All the patients were recruited as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Diagnosed SLE patients who had renal involvement and undergone renal biopsy for standard clinical indications were recruited by purposive sampling and divided into two groups of active and inactive LN as per operational definition. Results: During the study, Mean age of the lupus nephritis patients in active and inactive LN was 26.60 ± 8.36 years and 28.80 ± 9.18 years respectively. Most of the patients in both groups were female. Anaemia and edema was observed significantly higher in active than that of inactive lupus nephritis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in active lupus nephritis than that of inactive lupus nephritis patients. Hb, serum C3 and eGFR were significantly lower in active LN than that of inactive LN. RBC, WBC, platelet count were also lower in active LN than that of inactive LN but no significant difference was observed between two groups. ESR, serum creatinine, proteinuria, Anti ds DNA Ab titre and uMCP-1 were significantly higher in active LN than that of inactive LN. There was no difference between active and inactive LN patients with regards the use of medications. There was no difference in renal biopsy classes in between two groups. Conclusion: According to our study findings, active lupus nephritis (LN) patients exhibited elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to those with inactive LN. Additionally, active LN patients displayed lower levels of hemoglobin, serum C3, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to inactive LN patients. While red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts were also lower in active LN patients, the difference between the two groups did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, there were no notable differences in medication usage between active and inactive LN patients, and the distribution of renal biopsy classes was similar in both groups.

One of the specific objectives of the United States President Joe Biden’s Middle East visit, in July 2022, was the intent of Saudi Arabia normalization of diplomatic relations with Israel. However, this was largely unachieved despite the fact that Israel and Saudi Arabia had long been in secret cooperation, without formal diplomatic relations between them, since Israel attained nationhood in 1948. This article sought to examine the concrete barriers to normalization of relations, extolling cooperation and disentangling the cyclic ambivalences of Saudi government towards Israel. Certain barriers could be removed, aimed at strengthening normal peaceful co-existence between the two countries. The neorealist and neoliberal theoretical perspectives are adopted as framework of analysis. Data were derived from both primary and secondary sources, made up of interview, government official documents and independent mediascape. Findings showed that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict remained the concrete barrier to normalized Saudi-Israeli relations. But areas of cooperation between the two countries, albeit covertly, include trade and common stance against security concerns. These and other areas of cooperation could be broadened to strengthen peaceful co-existence between the two neighbours. And more determined diplomatic efforts must continue, to resolve the generational and intractable Israeli-Palestinian conflict on ‘two-state’ solution basis. In conclusion, the ambivalences that have characterized relations between Israel and Saudi Arabia need be discarded. A Palestinian statehood is attainable, with rights of mutual co-existence between the parties and removing nuclear threat and need for balance of power, all necessary to make the Middle East relatively stable and peaceful.

Independent learning is a concept of learning that creates an atmosphere of free and independent learning for students. In addition, the independent curriculum also implements the development of soft skills and character through a project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students. One of the schools that implements the Independent Curriculum is SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Grogot. The purpose of this research is to 1)Describe the application of science learning using the Independent Curriculum at SMP Negeri 1 Tanah Grogot. (2) Describe students' responses to learning science. (3) Describe the factors that support science learning. (4) Describe the factors that hinder science learning. This type of research uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. Based on the research results, there were 3 strategies implemented at Tanah Grogot 1 Public Middle School, namely the Education Unit Operational Curriculum (KOSP), learning processes and tools in science subjects (Intracurricular), and the application of projects to strengthen Pancasila student profiles (p5). Internal supporting factors, namely the majority of young teachers who want to train themselves, master the use of information technology, as well as motivation within the teacher to be able to provide a fun learning experience for students. While the external supporting factors include the existence of independent training for teachers and the presence of fellow teachers, principals, and school supervisors who are members of the learning community. As for the inhibiting factors, namely the teacher still does not understand how to implement the Independent Curriculum in schools, especially the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project, the small number of teachers, as well as obstacles in adjusting teaching schedules and differences in the learning system between grade 7 using the Independent Curriculum and grades 8 and 9 which is still gradual.

Cardiovascular disease is a significant and ever-growing problem in the United Kingdom, accounting for nearly one-third of all deaths and leading to significant morbidity. It is also of particular and pressing interest as developing countries experience a change in lifestyle which introduces novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease, leading to a boom in cardiovascular disease risk throughout the developing world. The burden of cardiovascular disease can be ameliorated by careful risk reduction and, as such, primary prevention is an important priority for all developers of health policy. Strong consensus exists between international guidelines regarding the necessity of smoking cessation, weight optimisation and the importance of exercise, whilst guidelines vary slightly in their approach to hypertension and considerably regarding their approach to optimal lipid profile which remains a contentious issue. Previously fashionable ideas such as the polypill appear devoid of in-vivo efficacy, but there remain areas of future interest such as the benefit of serum urate reduction and utility of reduction of homocysteine levels. The purpose of this review has been to summarize the causes of common cardiovascular diseases and prophylactic measures.

This study aims to develop learning modules for science subjects to determine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of using science learning modules for class IX in junior high school. This research is a type of research and development conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Paringin. The selected development model is the ADDIE model. The object of research is the development of science learning modules on the topic of biotechnology. Data collection using questionnaires and questions (pretest-posttest). The result of this research is the development of science learning modules. The modules that have been developed are declared good, based on material experts with an average score of 3.64 or 91.08 with the criteria "Very Valid", assessments from media experts with an average of 3.79 or 94.83% with the criteria "Very Valid". Modules that have been assessed as good are then tested for their effectiveness on students. Based on the results of research conducted by learning with the Science module that the effectiveness of student learning has increased in class IX B which can be seen in the N-Gain result of 0.73 with the "High" criterion. According to the data on student responses to the Science module as a whole it was stated "Very Practical", this can be seen from the results of the average score from the respondent's trial of 3.37 with a percentage of 84.21%. Based on the research results, the product in the form of a science learning module on the topic of biotechnology for differentiation learning is declared valid, effective, and practical and can be used as a support for learning in science lessons on the topic of biotechnology.