Media applications that can overcome learning difficulties, one of which is by using powtoon-based learning videos. This study aims to: determine the validity of video media, the practicality of video media and the effectiveness of student learning outcomes after using Powtoon-based learning video media on Environmental Pollution material at SMPN 1 Daha Selatan. This study used the Research and Development method which was carried out at SMPN 1 Daha Selatan in class VII A with the ADDIE model which consisted of five steps namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation. ), and Evaluation (evaluation). Data collection techniques using questionnaires, pretest results, and posttest results. The research results obtained were: (1) The results of the expert validity of the animation learning media material obtained were 81.57% and the media expert validity was 85.14% or valid or usable but needed minor revisions as supporting media for science learning. (2) The results of the validator's response questionnaire were 75.83% and the students' response questionnaires were 94.22% or practical so that the media was very interesting to use as a supporting medium for learning science. (3) The results of the pretest and posttest percentages based on the normalized gain (N-gain) value of 0.92 are included in the high criteria so that the powtoon video learning media seen from the student learning outcomes test is effectively used and influences student learning outcomes at SMPN 1 Daha Selatan.

To ascertain if regional economic integration insulates member countries from external spillovers, this work studied the transmission of trade shocks between ECOWAS and the global economy. It adopted the Diebold and Yilmaz (2009) network approach using quarterly data from 1986Q1to 2019Q4 for selected countries. Data were subjected to preliminary tests using the Phillip-Peron unit root test to establish the order of statonarity and Johansen co-integration test to establish existence of co-integration among variables. Following results of preliminary tests, the underlying VAR model was estimated in error correction form. The forecast error variance decompositions (FEVDs) were subsequently generated and used to build generalized trade linkage measures for analysis. Result of the analysis show that ECOWAS economies are highly linked to the global economy, and are net receivers of trade shocks. The study recommends ECOWAS countries diversify to heavy industrial manufacturing, fashion out uniform trade policies to insulate the region from potential trade shocks.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a structured exercise program can improve students' motor skills. Everyday activities, including academic and professional ones, necessitate strong motor skills. In any case, numerous understudies need assistance with their coordinated movements which can influence their general exhibition. An experimental design with a randomized control group was used in this study. There were two groups of 100 students in the research sample: the exploratory gathering, which went through an organized actual activity program, and the benchmark group, which got no mediation. Before and after the intervention, students' motor skills were assessed using a tested that was proven to work. The outcomes showed that the organized actual activity program altogether further developed understudies' coordinated abilities contrasted with the benchmark group. Motor coordination, agility, and movement accuracy all improved significantly in the experimental group. They also said they performed better on tasks that required motor skills. This study's findings show that students' motor skills can be improved with a structured exercise program. This study's practical implications include the need to incorporate structured physical activity into higher education curriculum to ensure that students have sufficient motor skills for life success.

Boxing, wrestling, and bodybuilding are sports that require athletes to be highly conditioned from both endurance and strength perspective. Hence, the temptation to use performance enhancing substance has become rampant among athletes from these sports. Some of the athletes have tested positive for inadvertent doping after use of performance enhancing substances. This can be blamed on lack of knowledge, as well as attitudes developed by athletes. The purpose of this study was to establish knowledge levels, attitudes towards the use of performance enhancing substances (PES), among athletes from boxing, wrestling, and bodybuilding federations in Kenya. The study utilized cross-sectional analytical research design. The study population comprised of 1900 athletes from the three sports disciplines with a sample size of 384 athletes. Close ended questionnaires were used as the data collection instrument. Data obtained from the respondents was coded and organized for analysis by use of SPSS version 25. Hypotheses were tested using one-way ANOVA and t-test at confidence level of 0.05. Post hoc analysis was carried out using Duncan Multiple Range Test where differences were found to be significant. Results on knowledge indicated that 44.8% of respondents reported that ADAK can advise them on which performance enhancing substances were safe to use. 14.3% reported that they thought PES bought from a pharmacy (over the counter) was safe. In addition, 90% reported that an athlete can be sanctioned for testing positive after taking a performance enhancing substance which they thought was safe. With regards to attitudes, 61.5% of the respondents disagreed that athletes are pressured to take performance enhancing substances. Majority of the respondents (81.5%) disagreed that performance enhancing substances and food supplements should be legalized. Many respondents (95.8%) disagreed that athletes have no alternative career choices except sports, which was a positive attitude. Inferential results on one way ANOVA indicated significant differences in knowledge levels at F (2, 381) = 19.631, p<0.001 and attitudes at F (2, 381) = 25.605, p<0.001 three sports disciplines. In conclusion, knowledge and attitudes of athletes from the three sports disciplines were significantly different. The study recommended that sports federation officials from boxing, wrestling and bodybuilding should have a put proper structures for imparting knowledge and proper attitude on use of performance enhancing substances among athletes.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable disease that includes a range of different physiological disorders that are associated with abnormal renal function and progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the 16th leading cause of years of life lost worldwide. Like other developing countries, the prevalence of chronic disease is increasing trends in Bangladesh. Prior conception regarding the socio-demographic status of patients with chronic kidney diseases may be helpful for respective health professionals and researchers. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic status of patients with chronic kidney diseases. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January March 2018 to September 2020. A total of 150 diagnosed cases of CKD were enrolled in this study as a study population. Properly written consent was taken from all the participants before data collection. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by using MS Excel and SPSS version 23.0 program as per necessity. Results: In this study, male participants were dominant in number and the male-female ratio was 1.7:1. The mean age of the respondents was 53.31±10.28 years. The highest number of our participants were unemployed 65(43.3%) and the majority of our respondents 106(70.7%) were married. Among the total participants 83(55.3%) patients were with hypermagnesemia whereas 10(6.7%) with hypomagnesemia. In this current study, among the total respondents 51(34%) had CKD stage 5, 42(28%) had CKD stage 4, 38(25.3%) had CKD stage 3, 14(9.4%) had CKD stage 2 and only 5(3.3%) had CKD stage 1. Conclusion: As per the findings of this study, we can conclude that male people are prone to chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Early investigation and proper treatment can decrease the occurrence of CKD as well as the mortality and morbidity of such theses.

This study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of Earth ball (Icacina mannii) tuber on the testes. Icacina mannii is a well-known plant in Africa due to its unique ball-shaped underground tuber. The extract was prepared by washing the tuber, cutting it into pieces, sun drying it, and extracting it with 80% ethanol. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were used in the experiment and were randomly assigned to four groups. Group A served as the control and received distilled water, while groups B, C, and D received low, intermediate, and high doses of the extract, respectively. The rats were fed for 28 days. On the twenty-eighth day, the animals' final weight was taken, and blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture for testosterone level analysis. The testes were recovered for histology. The results showed a significant increase in testosterone level in the low and medium dose groups and a significant decrease in the high dose group when compared with the control. The histologic section of the testes of rats in groups B and C revealed hypochromic sections of seminiferous tubules with swollen germinal cells and spermatogenic lining cells and irregular alignment of myoid cells when compared to the control group. The testicular histologic section of rats in group D showed atrophied and necrotic testicular cells. This study shows that Icacina mannii tuber could be a potential plant for research in the management of infertility in men due to testosterone deficiency, but high doses could be necrotic and atrophic to the testes.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) practices on employees' satisfaction in the Saudi Arabian health sector. It aimed to contribute to economic development from a microeconomic perspective. The research used primary cross-sectional data from various companies in the Saudi health sector to address major research hypotheses. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to capture the information. A five-point Likert-type scale was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Scale validity was determined, and the scale of reliability was estimated by the Cronbach alpha scale. Regression and correlation analysis were used. The findings showed customer focus, continuous improvement, process management, employee involvement, leadership, good vision, communication, and integrated systems are positively and significantly linked with employee satisfaction. In conclusion, the health sector in Saudi Arabia has a high level of various TQM practices, a high level of customer focus, a high level of continuous improvement, a high level of process management, a high level of employee involvement, leadership, a good vision, a high level of communication, and a high level of integrated systems. The study also concludes that the higher the level of TQM practices, the more the employees’ satisfaction level has increased by 0.204%, and the higher the level of customer focus, continuous improvement, process management, employee involvement, leadership with a good vision, communication, and integrated systems. It was recommended that leaders and managers in the health sector utilize more interactive technologies to promote improved employee engagement with the institutions.

Background: Despite a long history of safety, spinal anesthesia (SA) is still seldom used outside of specialist pediatric institutions and is sometimes debated as a primary anesthetic approach for children. To lessen the risk of postoperative apnea, it is often used on previously preterm newborns who have not yet reached viability (60 weeks post- conception) (GA). There is, however, a wealth of evidence indicating its safety and effectiveness for appropriate operations in adolescents. Objective: The primary purpose of this investigation is to assess the efficacy of Caudal anesthesia pediatric surgery. Method: Tertiary care hospital was the setting for this prospective investigation. 200 children, ages 4 to 10, were included in the research because they were all given different types of anesthesia for infraumbilical or lower extremities surgery during the study's 1-year time frame. The research participants had a thorough preoperative assessment. During the study 50 patients of each were given different anesthesia including Endotracheal intubation, LMA, Caudal block and local anesthesia. Results: Majority was belonged to 4-6 years age group, 70% and 60% were male. Plus, majority of the patients were undergone circumcision, 35% and Herniorrhaphy, 28%. Followed by 20% undergone appendectomy and 5% undergone hypospadias repair. Besides, anesthesia induction and recovery on the operating room table, was lowest in the local anesthesia group (P = 0.015), whereas the results were comparable in the other groups. However, patients with caudal and local anesthesia spent significantly less time in the postoperative recovery unit (P < 0.001). In fact, patients who got Caudal block had less complication where only 1% had Convulsions, Bloody puncture and vomiting. Conclusion: Caudal anesthesia as a sole method for pediatric subumbilical surgery is a relatively safe method. Patients having operation under caudal anesthesia have faster discharge times from postoperative recovery units, compared with general anesthesia. This probably reduces recovery unit expenditures.

This development research aims to find out: (1) how the implementation of learning to news writing is currently being carried out by students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang, (2) how the effectiveness of the implementation of project-based learning models through a contextual approach in the ability to news writing for students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang. , and (3) how to develop a project-based learning model through a contextual approach to improve the ability to news writing for students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang. This research method is the Research and Development (R&D) method. The population of this research is the students of the PBSI Study Program, University of PGRI Semarang. Data was collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. To develop the learning model, a preliminary study was carried out, model design, trials, revisions, and final modeling. After the final model is obtained, it is tested on students and summarizes the responses given by students. To analyze the statistical assessment in the process of implementing the test, the t-test was applied. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the students' views on how to learn to write news show that the learning that is mostly done by students is writing on their own either on campus, at home, and discussing with friends. After testing the hypothesis with the rule of t arithmetic > t table or 11.473 > 2.042, there is a significant difference between student learning outcomes in the first treatment and the second treatment. At the development stage this model was analyzed based on the concept of learning to news writing including, material, methods, attitudes, steps, and learning design.

The purpose of this study is mainly to analyze the influence of sports volunteers’ participation motivation and job satisfaction on re-participation intention. Students who volunteer to participate in the volunteer work of the 2023 National Intercollegiate Athletic Games are the research objects. A questionnaire survey is conducted at each site during the competition. 200 questionnaires are distributed, with 13 invalid questionnaires and 187 valid questionnaires collected. The effective questionnaire recovery rate is 93%. This research is analyzed by statistical methods, such as narrative statistics and multiple regression, and so forth. The study has the following findings: In the volunteer service of the National Intercollegiate Athletic Games, the participation motivation of the university sports volunteers is the highest in “the method and techniques of learning to do things”. In terms of job satisfaction, the highest is “Feel that I am part of the school". Therefore, in the process of volunteering service, sports volunteers feel a high degree of job satisfaction, and their intention to participate in volunteer service in the future is consequently higher. Based on the above results, this study not only provides specific suggestions for planning volunteer services for large-scale sports events in the future, but also proposes directions for future research.

Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) with damper windings using Matlab/Simulink is presented. Pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips, timber, wood products into wood pulp that is used to produce paper, cardboard, thick fiber board, which can be used by a paper mill for further processing. Pulp and paper industry has been considered a large consumer of energy and constitute a native treat to the plant as a result of machines transient due to heavy load variation. Modeling and simulation of pulp mill plant (PMSM) with damper windings show the behavior of machines virtual image environments to test the performance, stability and safety for less cost. It helps the pulp mill plant designers, engineers and technicians to understand the process of creating and analyzing machines model and predict its performance in the real world. Damper winding is an additional property added in pulp mill plant PMSM to damping out any oscillation that may cause any sudden changes in the load on the rotor when in synchronism. It prevents hunting and provides starting torque and dose not requires machines spinning. The rotor field lags the stator by which the load angle changes as a result of load variation. Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is an alternating current (ac) machine whose excitation is provided by the permanent magnet. It has permanent magnet (PM) on the rotor and windings on the stator. PMSM does not have field windings on the stator frame instead, it relies on the magnets to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor interacts to produce a torque. Pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings was modeling and simulated using Matlab/Simulink as presented in this paper. The electrical and mechanical equations of various steps ware developed in state space form from which the SIMULINK models were built with pulp mill plant PMSM with damper windings using the block-approach method with in-built Matlab/SIMULINK to obtained results for dynamics performance, controllability, stability study and is widely used in the engineering, manufacturing, physical sciences, product development and recommended for pulp mill plant designers, engineers, technicians and plant operators.

IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4‐SC) is the biliary manifestation of IgG4‐related disease, systemic fibroinflammatory condition that is characterized by lesions with classical histopathological findings in involved organs. We presented a case of isolated IgG4‐SC with the normal serum IgG4 which was hard to differentiate with cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: The complex role of today’s nurses warranties higher levels of critical thinking and clinical judgment abilities. Critical thinking is familiar as an essential factor of nursing exercise by The National League for Nursing (NLN). Objective: The aim of this study were: To find out impact of teaching strategies to promote critical thinking in general nursing students. To analysis the teaching strategies to promote critical thinking in General nursing students. Methods: The descriptive research technique was used in this research which based on questionnaires. All the nursing students of the university was the population of study. The researcher used simple cross sectional sampling in the selection of students. The student of general nursing School DHQ Hospital Jhang were selected as a population 15o students were given questionnaire and all questionnaire were responded. Results: Results indicates that students and instructors each share the responsibility for the quality of learning Yes were 83.5% and the No were 16.5% with the statement. The mean is 1.1652 with .373oo standard deviation. Results also describes about CT is an essential component of nursing education and a necessary competency for modern nursing practice. Results indicate that 98.3% respondents were yes, no were .9% and don’t know was .9% with the statement. The mean is 1.o261 with .2o778 standard deviation. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the vast majority of nursing students who participated had low levels of promote critical thinking. The results also reinforce the need for students’ continued development in these areas. Nurse educators must renew their commitment to CT as an educational ideal and this ideal must be continually pursued because it is integral to true autonomy in our complex society. The importance of CT to education and practice is indisputable. Nurse educators are an untapped resource in educational organizations.

Background: Cardiac surgeries have contributed greatly to resolve the problems relating to Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD) and valvular heart diseases. There are numerous physical and psychosocial problems that cardiac surgery patients experience once they were discharged from the hospital. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine post-discharge problems and their frequencies in cardiac surgery patients at tertiary care hospital. Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study design was used to determine problems and their frequencies in CABG and valvular surgery in post discharge period. Data was collected from 96 patients through consecutive sampling technique at Cardiac Center of public tertiary care hospital during July to September 2018 on patient’s first follow-up after discharge. The questionnaire content validity index was checked by cardiac surgery experts and calculated 0.88. The data was analyzed on SPSS (23 version).descriptive statistical tests frequency, percentage used for categorical variables, and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and Likert scale for post-discharge problems in cardiac surgery patients. Results: Male patients were high in percentage (71.9%) with mean age of 52 year had CAD due to stress and sedentary life. CABG was done for (80.3) and valvular surgeries done for (19.8%). Pain in the surgical wound site and different body parts, chest wound problems like discharge and swelling. Other problems were difficulty in breathing and pain with cough. Psychosocial problems were found in more than half of the patients like difficulty in sleeping, phobia of body movement and losing job, palpitation and apprehension, sadness and avoided social interaction with others. Conclusion: The study found different problems such as pain, difficulty in breathing, sleepiness, tiredness, difficulty in preforming Activities of daily livings and wound related issues. Significant number of participants reported about social isolation, anxiety, restlessness and fear. The findings of current study can be utilized to develop a discharge package for patients.

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder that affects the female reproductive system, resulting in uterovaginal agenesis. It’s typically presented as primary amenorrhoea in adolescence in female with normal development of secondary sexual characteristics and 46, XX karyotype. In this article, we report an unusual case of MRKHS of a girl of 7 years old who consulted for premature thelarche & pubarche. She has a normal karyotype (46, XX) with normal external genetalia. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test revealed a peak LH level of 1.77 UI/l and peak FSH level of 5.44 UI/l. Imaging disclosed advanced bone age at 10 years. Pelvic MRI showed uterine hypoplasia with partial vaginal agenesis.