The odontoma is a benign tumor containing all the various component tissues of the teeth. It is the most common odontogenic tumor representing 67% of all odontogenic tumors. Odontomas are considered to be developmental anomalies (hamartomas) rather than true neoplasms. Based on the degree of morphodifferentiation or on the basis of their resemblance to normal teeth, they are divided into compound and complex odontomas. The compound odontoma is composed of multiple, small tooth-like structures. The complex odontoma consists of a conglomerate mass of enamel and dentin, which bears no anatomic resemblance to a tooth. They are usually diagnosed on routine radiological examinations in the second decade of life and are often slow growing and non-aggressive in nature. Here, we report a case of unusually, rare, compound odontoma, located in the left posterior mandible of a 17-year-old male patient.

Management of cervical fibroid which is one of the rare sites of uterine fibroid comes with challenges to gynaecologists especially in young nulliparous women where uterine conserving surgery is to be instituted. Cervical fibroid locations can be in the supravaginal or vaginal aspect of the cervix. It can also present as pedunculated fibroid or sessile fibroid from the cervical lip. The commonest presentations of cervical fibroid are pelvic pressure symptoms and menstrual irregularities. This is a case of a 24 year old nulliparous woman with recurrent pelvic pressure symptoms, heavy menstrual flow and vaginal discharge with diagnosis of cervical fibroid and vaginal fibroid polyp and was managed by uterine conserving surgery.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of mortality in children worldwide, but there remain significant challenges in diagnosing and treating TB infection and disease. Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the commonest infectious disease of the central nervous system in paediatric and geriatric cases. Childhood TB is an indication of failing TB control in the community. It allows disease persistence in the population. Tuberculosis can be prevented in children by diagnosing and treating cases of active TB amongst adults, as paediatric cases always acquire it passively from household contact of adults suffering from TB as disease in adults is multibacillary. Although significant data is available for the prevention of childhood extra-pulmonary and disseminated TB, offering Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, it is still not routinely offered during vaccination. In this case report, a two-year child with a history of failure to thrive and constitutional symptoms diagnosed with disseminated extra-pulmonary TB presenting as TB meningitis with a history of contact with the mother suffering from active sputum positive pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB treatment. Child was evaluated with CT brain plain and contrast and documented meningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed tuberculous etiology in presence of lymphocytic predominance and raised ADA level in fluid. CSF fluid sent for cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test documented MTB genome with rifampicin sensitivity. We retrospectively analysed mothers’ sputum examination and observed higher grades of sputum AFB and her cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test revealed MTB genome with rifampicin sensitivity. Child and mother were treated with standard protocol recommended by NTEP (National Tuberculosis elimination program). In conclusion, we recommend BCG vaccination to all newborns, and tuberculin skin testing and isoniazid prophylaxis to the contact of adults with sputum positive pulmonary TB cases in India to prevent transmission of disease from mother to baby. A high index of suspicion is must while evaluating these cases and all possible measures should be taken to confirm tuberculosis to have successful treatment outcome.

Hospitals plays an important role in providing health care facilities and are indispensable in supporting the public health services. The purpose of this study is to examine chief nurse leadership style, internal communication, incentive giving and work stress as well as the performance of nurses in the inpatient room of Hajj Hospital. This research used observational analytical methods with a cross sectional design approach that is research to find interest between variable. Questionnaires were in this study which consists of with closed statements. The data obtained is then collected and processed using SPSS. There were 96 respondents in this study consist of nurses in the Inpatient Unit Jakarta Hajj Hospital and 88 % female nurses who are above 30 years old with working experience of more than 5 years participated in this study. It was found that internal communication and incentive giving have the highest impact performance in hajj hospital. However, the findings of this study may differ with a larger samples taken for this study. Future research would suggest a mixed method study with a larger population across Indonesia.

Pragmatic identity construction is conducive to achieving communicative purposes. And political discourse is an effective means of promoting international communication. While the construction of identity in the field of pragmatics is rarely discussed in political discourse. To better understand the political intention of speakers, the research explores how and what pragmatic identities are constructed in political discourse based on pragmatic identity theory, and takes the Keynote Speech by Xi Jinping at the Opening Ceremony of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2022 as corpus. It is found that this speech included many derived identities from pragmatic identities. And President Xi Jinping chooses and exchanges his derived identities from various pragmatic identities by using the strategies of the personal pronoun and linguistic adaptation theory, which helps him better switch his pragmatic identity and achieve his interpersonal functions or political functions.

The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), spanning across from childhood through adolescence is increasing in the Middle East region. Poor Quality of Life (QoL), excessive healthcare expenditure, loss of school and workdays are considered to be the significant burden of AD. Although, QoL data is available for children affected by AD in Saudi Arabia, there is limited data for adolescents and adults. Moreover, data on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in Saudi Arabia is lacking. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the association between AD severity and AD-related QoL and HCRU in adolescents and adults in Saudi Arabia. It also aimed to identify the gaps in literature on AD in the above two patient populations in Saudi Arabia and provide recommendations for better management of QoL and HCRU- related issues. Extensive literature search was carried out through various search engines, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using different keywords. This review highlighted the lack of literature from Saudi Arabia with respect to the effect of AD on QoL and HCRU in adult and adolescent populations. The gaps in data regarding patient perception, physician knowledge, family and caregiver burden, and QoL for better AD management related HRQoL and HCRU in Saudi Arabia were also identified and recommendations to bridge these gaps were provided.

Medicinal plants not only supplement or replace the frequently insufficiently available modern medical treatments but also improve the local population's health and security. As a result, these plants are essential to daily life and have strong ties to a wide range of social, cultural, and economic events related to birth, growth, aging, illness, and death. The formulation of Morinda citrifolia and Costus afer undergoing phytochemical screening in methanol extract. The phytoconstituents discovered in the formulation were tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, glycoside, saponins, etc. The therapeutic value of a medicinal plant is determined by its phytoconstituents, either singly or in combination. Some of the significant phytochemicals with various biological activities include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, terpenes, etc. The identification of the phytochemicals can be used to predict the pharmacological activity of a plant. The formulation used in literary works contains phytoconstituents that have been linked to a variety of pharmacological actions. Therefore, these plants may be exploited to create medications that are efficient against diabetes, heart attack, bacteria, and microorganisms as well as cancer cells.

In the 1980s, the term "evidence-based practice" was developed to represent a process for selecting the best course of action based on available scientific data. The push for evidence-based practise started in England in the early 1990s. Making decisions about a patient's care using the best available evidence is known as evidence-based medicine (EBM) or evidence-based practise (EBP). Evidence-based practising is both a methodology and a way of thinking. The idea is founded on the moral precept that patients have a right to get the best interventions possible. Finding and putting into action those interventions is how we go about using the EBP methodology.

This paper is a tentative endeavor to analyze the functions of interpersonal grammatical metaphor used in Biden’s 2022 State of the Union Address based on the theoretical framework which is composed of interpersonal grammatical metaphor theory and the theory of meta-functions within systematic functional grammar. The interpersonal grammatical metaphor used in this speech is examined from two aspects as metaphors of mood and modality. Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are both employed to reveal the linguistic characteristics as well as the interpersonal meaning hidden in the speech, aiming at explore the meta-functions of interpersonal grammatical metaphor so that the understanding of the speech content is deepened. The research has found out that metaphor of modality is the preferred type of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in the chosen linguistic text, which mostly serves to express the speaker’s evaluation of a proposition. The metaphor of mood accounts for a lower proportion, which is mainly used to express the address function. The functions of these two types of interpersonal grammatical metaphor are mainly within the scope of interpersonal meta-function, which relates to interact with others in order to establish and maintain the social relationship. This linguistic research proves the necessity and significance of the existence of grammatical metaphor theory and to some extent enriches the research of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in spoken discourse.

The primary objective of the school as an organization is to effect learning in the learners which they can demonstrate both in attitude and in their mental and adjustment behaviours. In Education, emphasis is laid on three domains of the educational objectives. These are cognitive (mental) domain, affective (behavioural) domain, and psychomotor (hand) domain. However, to achieve these three essential domains, the learner should respond to the three objectives under certain conditions. These conditions affect how the learner learns and also his willingness to learn. This paper therefore, examines the effects of the factors that affect the learner’s desire to learn and also proffers solution to the problems inhibiting the positive effects in teaching and learning under psycho-socio-physical parameters.

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by the overgrowth of various parts of the body. We present a unique case of a young man with SGBS associated with pituitary insufficiency. This association has not been described yet in the literature. The patient was diagnosed with SGBS at 12 years, which was further confirmed through genetic testing (de novo nonsense mutation of the GPC3 gene). At the age of 18, the patient consulted for alteration of the general condition with asthenia. Laboratory evaluation revealed pituitary insufficiency consisting of central hypothyroidism associated with partial secondary adrenal insufficiency. The pituitary MRI was unremarkable. So far, Pituitary insufficiency has never been described in SGBS cases. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature.

River tourism occurs on the water or along the riverside. River tourism includes water rafting, cruises, boat vacations, canoeing, riverside walks, and riverside cycling. River tourism is a consequence of post-industrialization tourism evolution. Since post-industrialization, human beings have returned to recognizing rivers' natural attributes. River tourism teaching offers the concept of river tourism, urban river tourism, river cruising, and construction of tourism facilities. The paper suggests that the river cruise is developed in Europe and the Yangtze River. Also, river tourism teaching stresses the ecological value and sustainable tourism. The on-site river tourism teaching and classroom group discussion are essential.

Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that diclofenac sodium (DFS) administration could result in male reproductive dysfunction. Erythrina senegalensis (ES) is a potent medicinal plant with antioxidants that may significantly impact cellular redox homeostasis, including male reproduction. Therefore, the study investigated the attenuative effects of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina senegalensis (HLEES) in DFS-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in male albino rats. Thirty male Wistar rats of 5 rats per group were used in this study and were randomly divided into 6 groups (A–F) and treated for 21 days. Rats in group A (control group) received distilled water orally; Group B was given DFS at 10 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (IP). Group C and D were given HLEES at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally respectively. Groups E and F were given DFS at 10 mg/kg + HLEES at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Spermatological profiles and testicular histopathology were assessed. DFS-treated rats showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in relative organ weight and sperm parameters. Also, DFS treatment increased the percentage of sperm abnormalities relative to the control, and the groups administered HLEES only. Co-administration of HLEES with DFS improved the spermatological parameters and ease some effects of DFS on the reproductive and accessory organs mentioned above. HLEES was also seen to play a beneficial role in the histopathological effects of DFS on the testicular tissues. The current findings have shown that this evaluated plant extract may have ameliorative effects on DFS-induced testicular and epididymal injuries in rats.

Caffeine is widely consumed by the world population because its presence in major constitute of beverages like coffee and tea. This study was aimed at determining the biochemical effect on caffeine consumption in male wistar rats. This was a case-control study of the effect of exposing 180gram-220gram male wistar rats to caffeine for 3 days. Blood cortisol, FBG and FBC were measured in all the animals. Serum cortisol was significantly lower in the control group (P<0.001) and there was a significant weight loss in the caffeine-treated rats (P<0.001). Caffeine consumption had a significant direct correlation with weight (r-0.88 p<0.001). Similarly, increase cortisol level was significantly associated with increase in caffeine consumption (P>0.002).

Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic reactive lesion that commonly occurs in gingiva. It is rarely found in extra gingival sites such as tongue, lip, palate and buccal mucosa. Lesions affecting the tongue are rarer and very few cases are reported. Unusual site of such lesions can be a diagnostic challenge. This case report describes an uncommon location of pyogenic granuloma occurring on the lateral border of tongue in a 60 -year-old male patient.