Indian culture has versatile cultural beliefs, most of them symbolize by their fascinating cultural monuments those tells us so many backgrounds history of before time. Each temple is unique in their pattern of architect. So it is very importance to take attention on to preserve them from deterioration not only for present but also long term preservation of future aspects. Many of reasons are behind it but effect of climate is one of the main causes because it plays a crucial role in the fulfillment of the basic needs for the growth of micro and macro organisms for their survival on the monumental surface. The macro organisms lead the growth of plants species on the monumental surface enhance the rate of deterioration and damage. This paper is mainly concerned on the diversity of the macroflora present at Khajuraho group of monuments.

Background: The safety and feasibility of utilizing SAB as the sole anesthetic technique in otherwise healthy individuals undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy have been increasingly recognized. SAB offers potential advantages in terms of reduced complications, improved pain control, and avoidance of general anesthesia-related risks. Objective: To assess safety and feasibility of SAB in otherwise healthy individuals undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Method: The study included a cohort of 40 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and met specific inclusion criteria. All patients received a subarachnoid block (SAB) with 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 25 micrograms of fentanyl at the L2-L3 level. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure was performed using a standard 4-port technique, while maintaining a low intra-abdominal pressure of 9-10 mm Hg through CO2 pneumoperitoneum. The patients were followed up at various time points, including 30 minutes, 4 hours, the time of discharge, and on the 7th day after the operation. Any voluntary or involuntary movements or exaggerated diaphragmatic excursions during the operation were carefully monitored. The study recorded parameters such as operation time, duration of operating room occupancy, length of hospital stay, post-operative pain levels, analgesic requirements, occurrences of nausea, vomiting, headache, right shoulder pain, wound-related complications, and patient satisfaction. Results: SAB demonstrated efficacy in all 40 patients undergoing surgery. Conversion to general anesthesia was required in two cases due to persisting low oxygen saturation. Hypotension occurred in 23.7% of patients, while 10.5% experienced right shoulder pain. The average operating time was 37.3 minutes, ranging from 21 to 77 minutes. Awkward movements and exaggerated respiratory excursions were observed in 23.7% and 18.4% of cases, respectively. Only two cases required conversion to general anesthesia. The mean hospital stay duration was 29.3 hours. No major complications were reported during the study. Conclusion: These findings suggest that SAB can be successfully and effectively used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in healthy patients, providing a safe alternative to general anesthesia.

The 2019 outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic left significant adjustments in various aspects of human life, including its relationship with non-human creations in the physical environment. The paper considered the ecological impetus of the COVID-19 pandemic on the other creation with theological reflection on the biblical Jubilee. The method employed was interaction with literary materials and critical analysis of biblical-theological arguments. It, therefore, discussed general views of the COVID-19 pandemic, analysed the concept of biblical Jubilee, identified the ecological impetus of COVID-19 on the other creation, and discussed the theological reflection of the biblical Jubilee. Although the pandemic originated in China through animals, it was discovered that humans and other creations felt the effect globally due to the lockdown measure to curtail the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ecological impetus of COVID-19 brought a significant reduction in air, water, and land pollution. The biblical-theological reflection of the Jubilee affirmed that the experiences of COVID-19 resulted in a decrease in air, water and land pollution, indicating that nature was positively affected as it naturally and by divine order for the creation observed a jubilee as a result of the lockdown measure to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusion is that God allowed the COVID-19 pandemic as a measure for all creations in nature to experience its Jubilee or rest from human ecological exploitations and abuses. It was recommended that humankind should be more responsible in the care of the environment, seek the protection of the other creation in nature and avoid overuse of land resources to ensure the necessary ‘rest’ it deserves for preservation.

Background: Caudal analgesia has become popular in the management of intraoperative and postoperative pain management, further with the use of adjuvants to prolong its duration each with varying results. Caudal block is the most preferred postoperative analgesia in pediatrics, despite its limited duration of action. Many additives are used to improve the effectiveness of caudal blocks, such as opioids or a2 agonists. Recently, the use of caudal dexamethasone as an analgesic after surgery has increased. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and analgesic efficacy of general versus caudal block in pediatric infra umbilical surgery. Methods: This is an observational study. This study was carried out on 50 patients the find out about the population including children in the Department of Anaesthesia, Uttara Adhunik Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The duration of the period from January 2022 to December 2022. Statistical evaluation of the results used to be got via the use of a window-based computer software program devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24). Results: The mean duration of postoperative analgesia was 3 times longer in Bupivacaine with preservative free Clonidine Group. Bupivacaine solution Group received significantly more doses of rescue analgesic than Bupivacaine with preservative free Clonidine Group (p-value of 0.004). There was no significant bradycardia, hypotension, sedation or urinary retention in either of the groups. There was no residual motor blockade at 6 hours. Incidence of vomiting was similar in both the groups. Conclusion: Dexamethasone in combination with bupivacaine reduces postoperative pain intensity and total analgesic consumption and prolongs analgesia.

Background: Rape is a common social problem having great implication on the Victim, family, Judiciary and state. However it is very difficult to prove the actual rape because it is difficult to establish whether it is a consented sex or actual rape. Objective: To assess the pattern of alleged rape case in Dhaka city. Method: 176 cases of alleged rape were studied during the period of 2019-2022 at the Tertiary hospital, Dhaka. Results: Of these, 130 cases had consented sexual intercourse. 46 victims were subjected to rape. Cases include different age groups, their occupations, living areas, time of arrival for medicolegal examination have been studied. Most of the cases were students. An alarming number of victims were subjected to gang rape. Examination and reporting of the cases with have been discussed. Conclusion: This study shows that only one fourth of the alleged rape victims are the real rape cases. The victims of other cases had consent to sexual intercourse. There were several victims below the age of consent who cannot give valid consent to sexual intercourse as per law.

Background: Nurses form a professional major group among healthcare providers. Within recent years, providing a system of healthcare delivery that is of high-quality has been a considerable challenge. To reach that level of quality, an efficient level of job satisfaction among the nurses must be fulfilled. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare nurses at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in terms of gender, age, and level of education in order to determine how these factors influenced the nurses' views of the workplace-related dimensions, nursing productivity, and the leadership practices of their managers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Between July 1, 2022 and February 28, 2023, researchers at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, gathered the necessary data. Socio-demographic variables such as gender, education level, age, and employment status were gathered via a self-administered anonymous computerised questionnaire. The second section of the survey was the 28-item McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale, which was broken down into 8 categories. The SPSS 24 program was used to examine the data. Results: Of the total respondents, 82% were females mostly within the middle age category between 26-41 years old, with the majority of the participants (N=84) belonging to Generation Z and A. Furthermore, there were no significant associations detected regarding educational level. On the other hand, there was a significant association between gender and control and responsibility and a significant association between age and scheduling. Also, there was significant association between work schedule and interaction opportunities. Conclusion: This research has significance for the hospital management and nurse educators as well as managers, prompting them to reconsider their management competences in order to establish effective techniques for managing a multigenerational workforce.

The use of local materials in construction contributes to solving the deficit of sustainable housing in some developing countries. Earth constructions have a low ecological impact and are among the cheapest, especially in rural areas. The durability of earthen buildings depends on the geotechnical properties of the soil used and the respect of basic architectural rules. Evaluation of the geotechnical properties of soils contributes to the choice of the appropriate technique to use them. The macrotermes sp and cubitermes sp termite mound soils are widespread and commonly used in construction in some regions of the world. The results obtained from the 27 samples showed that the clay content of some soils is higher than the maximum permitted of 30% and that other soils have a sand content lower than the minimum of 30% permitted by most standards for the manufacture of mud bricks. Some soils have good molding properties and a plasticity suitable for making mud bricks. To correct excess clay and limit the risk of cracking during drying, lime, plant fibers or sand could be incorporated into these soils. The cubitermes sp termite mound soils are composed of kaolinite and illite and the macrotermes sp termite mound soils of kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite. Soils containing kaolinite or illite are suitable for the manufacture of CEB, adobes, rammed earth and in the manufacture of tiles or pottery.

The desert plant C. retrospiciens (Ehrenb.) is an inhabitant of the southern region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The stem of C. retrospiciens produces a gel which is often applied by local people to cure wounds. This study was aimed at determination of the antifungal effect of the exudate gel (EG) against Candida albicans (C. albicans). The antifungal activity of EG was measured using agar well diffusion method. Results showed excellent antifungal activity of the exudate gel. The spectrum of antifungal activity of EG against C. albicans was almost equivalent to that of standard amphotericin B, with statistical insignificance (p < 0.05).

An interactive effect of order of items and test anxiety on students’ performance on multiple-choice tests was investigated. Data was collected from 105 students from the College of Education for the study. A quasi-experimental design was used and 50-test item questions were used for data collection. Independent t-test, and Two-way ANOVA were used. The results show that test anxiety affected student performance. Furthermore, the result found that there was an interaction between the order of items and test anxiety on student performance. The study, therefore, recommended that tutors should encourage students to develop appropriate learning habits that will minimize their anxiety when taking tests. Finally, the study recommended that Colleges should organize seminars for tutors on how to manage students’ anxiety.

Background: Obesity could be generalized or truncal/android and most of the pathologies linked to obesity is with the android obesity. There is multiplicity of indices for measuring obesity hence the need for simple but sensitive and accurate index of assessing obesity. Objective: the aim was to determine the index that is simple, accurate and sensitive in detecting obesity. Method: A cross-sectional community-based descriptive survey was carried out in Enugu Metropolis. Multistage sampling procedures were used to select participants using the World Health Organization STEPS instrument. Ethical approval and consents were duly and respectively obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Enugu state university of science and technology Enugu. The data obtained were coded and analyzed into frequencies, percentages and mean using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Chi-square (x) test was used to compare categorical variables for associations while multi-nominal logistic regression was used to examine correlates. Statistical significance is set at p< 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Result: A total of 482 participants were recruited; of which, 33.2% and 66.8% were males and females respectively. By BMI, 95(19.7%) were obese; 180(37.3%) were considered obese by WHR; 94(19.5%) were obese by %body fat; while 214(44.4%) were obese by WC and 230(47.7%) were obese by WHtR. Conclusion: The superiority of WHtR in detecting obesity is clearly demonstrated in this study and this can easily be applied in our clinics.

The impact Covid-19 epidemic made all operations have gone digital in response to the Next Normal. Increasing competition in the information and communication industry demonstrates the progress of digital transformation for the telecommunication requirements of not only individuals, but also businesses as the primary target market form of company. To maintain the longevity of the company's operation, steps must be taken to understand the demands of customer satisfaction. This study aims to analyze Service Quality, Price Perceptions and Customer Experience on Customer Loyalty of Telkom Indonesia's Enterprise Company with Consumer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable. According to internal business data for 2022, the research population is 150 enterprise customers with SEM-PLS as analysis method. The results showed that service quality, price perception and customer experience had a significant positive effect on enterprise customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction had a significant positive effect on customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction has a significant positive effect on Service Quality and Price Perception on customer loyalty, while Customer Experience has an insignificant positive effect on customer loyalty.

Background and objectives: Increasing prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions makes it imperative to overcome challenges in tooth preparation, isolation and restoration. Bio-active restorative materials are relatively new concepts in dentistry having the potential to prevent secondary caries, a major cause of failure of restorations. Composite resins have the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage leading to marginal gap formation. This study evaluated the marginal microleakage properties of Activa bio-active composite resin using three different adhesives in non- carious cervical lesions. Materials and method: Forty extracted maxillary & mandibular premolars for the study were collected. The specimens were divided into groups (n= 10). Box type class V cavities, 2mm inciso-gingivally, 3mm mesio-distally & 2mm in depth was prepared on the buccal surfaces. Group 1: Activa bio-active resin +No bonding agent, Group 2: Activa bio-active resin +Tetric N-bond, Group 3: Activa bio-active resin +Single bond Universal, Group 4: Activa bio-active resin + G Premio bond. Restorations were done and samples subjected to thermocycling. They were immersed in Rhodamine B dye solution for 24 hours. The samples were longitudinally sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction with diamond discs, examined under a stereo-microscope with 30x magnification and depth of penetration analyzed. The statistical analysis for microleakage was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney U-tests with the Wilcoxon correction for pair-wise comparisons at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Activa bio-active resin + G Premio bond showed lesser micro-leakage compared to other groups and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Activa bioactive resin with G Premio bond, 8th generation bonding agent showed lesser micro-leakage when compared with 5th and 7th generation bonding agents.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and discover a new concept of the authority of the National Police and the National Narcotics Agency in investigating narcotics crimes based on justice. The approach method used in this research is social legal research. This research uses primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through literature studies, interviews and questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study found that the authority to investigate narcotics crimes regulated in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics is not balanced between the BNN and the National Police. The model of authority to investigate narcotics crimes, especially in the investigation stage by adopting the Pancasila values of justice, so that there is equality between Polri investigators and BNN investigators. In addition to the reconstruction of values, it is also necessary to reconstruct the regulatory norms for investigating narcotics crimes so that they are based on Pancasila values of justice, namely the addition of the word Polri investigator in Article 75, Article 80, Article 86, Article 106, Article 107 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, and the elimination Article 108 of Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, so that there is equality of authority between Polri investigators and BNN investigators in investigating narcotics crimes.

Midline cerebral congenital malformations, despite their relative rarity in the general population, with their high rate of Introduction: Postmenopausal bleeding is frequent in gynecology and occurs approximately in 5% to 10% of postmenopausal women. But most of the causes of post-menopausal bleeding are benign and treated conservatively. Women with postmenopausal bleeding have a primary or secondary malignancy of about 10%. So before starting treatment malignancy must be excluded. Common malignancies among them are endometrial or cervical carcinoma and rarely, ovarian cancer. The incidence of malignancy in the postmenopausal period remains sufficiently high, so it requires immediate investigations for early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and vigilant follow-up. The objective of the study is to evaluate the causes of postmenopausal bleeding in tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Delta Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration spanned 12 months from July 2022 to June 2023. The study population consisted of 72 patients who presented with postmenopausal bleeding. The sampling for this study was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review committee of the study hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants. For the statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Among 72 cases of postmenopausal bleeding, we found 9 cases of cancer (12.50%). Among them, 2 cases were cancer of the uterine cervix and 7 cases were cancer of the uterine corpus. Benign pathology was more frequent (63 cases: 87.50%), essentially presented atrophic endometritis 15 cases(20.83%), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia27.78% cases, endometrial polyp 16.67% cases, endocervical polyp 5.56% cases, cervical polyp 8.33%, leiomyoma found in 5.53% cases and preinvasive disease about 2.78% cases. Histopathological findings in 2 cases of carcinoma cervix were invasive squamous cell carcinoma and 7cases of endometrial cancer were endometrial adenocarcinoma. Cancer increased with advanced age while the incidence of bleeding decreased with age. Within 45 to 65 years of age is more frequent to develop post-menopausal bleeding. Conclusion: Even though causes of post-menopausal bleeding are mostly benign and treated conservatively but malignancy must be ruled out by endometrial and cervical biopsy.

Based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 Determination of the suspect as one of the objects of pretrial which in practice the trial process presents fact witnesses which has an impact on giving false information as referred to in Article 22 Jo Article 35 of Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Acts Corruption Crime. This study aims to analyze and find a reconstruction of the determination of the suspect in giving false testimony at the pretrial hearing in Article 22 of the Corruption Crime Law in Indonesia based on Pancasila justice. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The approach used in this research is social legal research. In this study it was found that the Regulation of giving false testimony at the Pretrial hearing in Article 22 of the Corruption Crime Law in Indonesia after the Constitutional Court decision Number 21/PUU-XII/2014 has not been based on Pancasila values of justice, because law enforcement is against witnesses who give false statements in pretrial hearings. Corruption has not been regulated clearly and unequivocally in Article 22 of Law 31/1999, so that in practice there are differences in perceptions between investigators who are given the authority to determine suspects and judges who examine the principal case. Reconstruction of Regulations The regulation for the determination of suspects for giving false testimony at the Pretrial hearing in Article 22 of the Corruption Law becomes Paragraph (1). Everyone as referred to in Article 28, Article 29, Article 35, or Article 36 who intentionally does not provide information or provides information that is not true, shall be punished with imprisonment for a minimum of 3 (three) years and a maximum of 12 (twelve) years and/or a fine of at least Rp. 150,000,000.00 (one hundred fifty million rupiahs) and a maximum of Rp. 600,000,000.00 (six hundred million rupiahs). Paragraph (2). Punished with the same punishment as paragraph 1 (one) if the act is committed at a pretrial hearing.