Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most essential cereal crop among all other crops of Pakistan and belongs to the family poaceae. The experiment was performed to evaluate the response of exogenously applied jasmonic acid on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth parameter against aphid attack. Two wheat varieties i.e., Fareed-2006 and Paktoon-2016 are cultivated in pots and different concentrations of Jasmonic acid (100 µM and 1 mM) were applied. Concluded results showed that aphid infested plants decreased root and shoot length, plant height, total soluble protein and chlorophyll contents but increased the POD and SOD contents, MDA contents, catalase, H2O2 concentrations and phenolics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) which was further improved through jasmonic acid application. Jasmonic acid treated plants showed better results than control and aphid infested plants. Jasmonic acid spray helped plants to recovery from aphid stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme synthesis, POD (Peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase). The results showed that JA sprayed plants have a reduced aphid population than controls plants. When compared to jasmonic acid (100 µM), the greater concentration of jasmonic acid (1mM) showed more effective. Use of jasmonic acid against devastating diseases seems to hold a more promising future in the pest management and agriculture sector.

The dental environment is associated with significant amount of risk for exposure to various micro- organisms. Infection control is one of the prime elements of a successful dental practice. There are many infectious diseases that can be transmitted in a dental environment. New diseases with serious consequences and a high rate of transmission have evolved in the recent past. Infection control is directed at prevention to exposure of such infections and also to prevent it being transferred from person to person. Purpose: The goal of an infection control program is to provide a safe working environment for dental health care personnel and their patients. Practitioners can achieve this by adopting measures that reduce health care-associated infections among patients and occupational exposures among dental health care personnel. It is crucial for all dental practitioners to be up to date on current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, equipment, and techniques for proper infection control. Continuous evaluation of infection control practices is important. Patients and dental providers should be confident that oral health care can be delivered and received in a safe manner. Summary: Most steps in infection control routine are directed at prevention of contact with infectious agent. Personal protection barriers are of great significance in this process. Various methods like sterilization, decontamination and disinfection are indispensable. The WHO and CDC have issued certain guidelines regarding prevention and dealing with certain infective conditions. Dentists need to update themselves about these guidelines, to be able to administer these policies effectively. Use of disposable items may be expensive but is an effective and simple means of infection control. More and more disposable items are being inducted into dental practices especially critical items like needles, syringe etc. With careful evaluation and analysis, infection control routine can be employed in daily practice with the resources available. Constant monitoring and evaluation of infection control routines is required for good effectiveness.

Tuberculosis is a tropical pathology caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Public heath problem in developing countries with a polymorphous clinical picture. OBSERVATION: It was a 67-day-old infant, weighing 3350 g, admitted for fever, whining, hacking cough, prostration for which traditional treatment based on chest massage and medical treatment at home was unsuccessful. The clinical examination revealed conjunctival pallor, dry skin, a temperature of 38°3c, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. The blood count returned to 11000/Fields. Faced with this picture, a neonatal infection or meningitis was mentioned. An initial treatment based on dual antibiotics (Ampicillin, Gentamicin) was administered without success. The evolution was marked by the persistence of the cough, respiratory distress and the lumbar puncture suggesting neonatal tuberculosis placed under protocol 2 RHZ(E) /10RE. After 22 days, the infant died.

I present a general and personal view of the various aspects in which Man is and should be studied. The main problem lies in the lack of a fully accepted definitions of consciousness and ‘normal’ state of consciousness. The concepts of personality and consciousness are discussed. The most important issues in the study of consciousness are highlighted. The concepts of the field of consciousness and bandwidth are presented and discussed in relation with memory recovery and the processing capacity of the brain. The similarities and differences of consciousness, mind, and psyche are listed. The mind-brain problem is presented, and the many possible relationships are defined and commented. We highlighted some new topics such as the need and importance of being able to access all stored memories to become a more ‘complete’ Homo sapiens. Some possible non-physical components are briefly mentioned.

Background: The extensor tendons are particularly vulnerable to trauma because their superficial location in a clenched fist, the thin mobile subcutaneous tissue offers little protection, and lacerations of the extensor tendons are common over joints that are easily exposed to contamination. Objective: To assess the evaluation of the postoperative early active mobilization protocol of extensor tendon repair at zone (V-VII). Methods: In this prospective study was carried out at Orthopedic Dept., 250 Bed General Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh from January to June 2023. Total 40 cases of fresh injury of extensor tendon at zone V to VII were treated. A protocol of early active mobilization was undertaken, using an easy to follow rehabilitation plan. Routine history taking with details of the injury, the object causing the injury, the dominant hand and the position during the injury, Physical examination, included the zone, and the possible tendons involved together with any associated injury. Results: Forty patients of fresh extensor tendon injuries were included in this study, their ages ranged from 20 to 55 years. There were 33 males (82.5%) and 7 females (17.5%). The dominant hand was involved in 29 of patients (72.5%). The nature of injuries was sharp cut in 34 patients (85%), with crush injuries in 6 patients (15%). The most common site of injuries was zone VI, VII and zone V respectively, and the most common tendon injured was EDC, EI, and EDM. Only 7 patients (17.5%) had single tendon injury, While 33 patients (82.5%) had multiple tendon injuries. At the end of the 6th weeks post operatively, the overall outcome result are summarized. Conclusion: The early mobilization of repaired extensor tendon reduces the formation of adhesion as compared to rigid immobilization. We recommend the use of this protocol following extensor tendon repair in the hand at zone V, VI, and VII in cooperative patient. It will give fairly acceptable results.

Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith, a professor of physical education in Springfield, Massachusetts. It has a history of 130 years and is one of the most popular sports in the world. In the United States, the number of people who have played basketball at least once in a year in 2021-2021 will exceed 27 million people per year. The International Federation of Basketball Associations estimates that at least 450 million people around the world participate in this sport. In my country, the general basketball population in China is 125 million, accounting for about 1/4 of the total global basketball population, and the core basketball population is 76.1 million. It can be seen that basketball Sports are very popular in our country. The National Basketball Association (NBA) game is recognized as the highest level of professional basketball in the world. From 2001 to 2022, the total revenue of the NBA league will reach 10.02 billion US dollars. In recent years, many new technologies have been applied to basketball training and competitions. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development" issued by the State Sports General Administration in October 2021 clearly stated that information technology is widely used in the field of sports. The 14th Yao Ming, deputy to the 1st National People's Congress and chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, said that Chinese basketball should take the "digital road". The digitalization of artificial intelligence is of great importance to improving the technical level of athletes, reducing sports injuries, enhancing game enjoyment, attracting fans, and promoting the development of basketball-related industries. significance. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that automatically improves the performance of computing programs by learning patterns in data and has been successfully applied in various fields. The advantage of artificial intelligence is that it can quickly analyze and process massive data, and data analysis methods are continuously improved, enabling users to obtain important information that is difficult to obtain by manual methods. It is without a doubt one of the most promising technologies for the future of humanity, and its benefits are extending to the world of sports. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of artificial intelligence in the field of basketball.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a rational and progressive social reformer of modern India. The contemporary societal condition of Ram Mohan was that the common people were misled in several ways by the priest in the name of religion. The conventionally accepted rituals and customs were used as instrumentally to make the Brahmans benefited. They used their fabricated words in society in the name of scriptures and it is consequently resulting to the common people used to follow those instructions blindly. That time, Upanishads was not available in Bengali Language. Since Ram, Mohan Roy translated the Upanishads and core Sanskrit texts into Bengali language and made the common people conscious about their scriptural essence. In addition, the common person able to capture the essence of religion. He was clamor against the hitherto existing ritualism has been practicing in Hinduism. He exposed that the Upanishads do not preach any kind of idol worship. Actually, Ram Mohan wished to develop a rationalistic attitude among the common people of the society and presents a new direction of Hinduism that is called Neo-Hinduism. The present paper intends to depict the image of Hindu religion contemporary to Ram Mohan and how he brought a renaissance through firmly criticizing the dogmatically accepted rituals of Hinduism.

Chinua Achebe’s, the third novel, Arrow of God centralizes around the struggle for power and authority between the African and Colonial traditions. Ezeulu, the Chief Priest of God Ulu is the protagonist who is in quest of wielding an absolute power throughout the novel. It is the study of psychology of power which incessantly switches directions, but can never be wholly acquired or seized. Achebe wavers between representing the good sides and bad sides of Christianity and Igbo religion reflecting his own ambivalence and split consciousness. To apply Freud’s theory to Achebe, we can say that Achebe had a wish to become English-like and to run away from everything that is native. On the other hand, a part of him rejects the white standards and clings to native ones. These two wishes overlap and integrate in his unconscious producing a creative writer whose ego-ideals are revealed in his writings wavering between the two cultures and their languages. His novel, Arrow of God criticizes and praises both his people and his colonizers simultaneously because of not being able to identify with either. Achebe’s own unconscious is reflected through the central character, Ezeulu who is also fascinated by the power of white man and his customs. The criticism of his native people never disturbed his mind. He goes against his obligations least concerning and considers his power as a device to accomplish his decisions. Towards the end of the novel, we witness him alienated both from his native culture and his white friends succumbing to tragedy. The Psychological Realism in the Arrow of God represents Freud’s three elements of personality - id, ego and superego controlling the basic needs, reality and morality. The mind is not the physical thing one can see through, but the effects of the actions of the mind on people’s lives are felt physically in the novel. Each character undergoes an unconscious thought process leading to anxiety and the eventual repression of thoughts.

The research concerns the formation of new identity models and value orientations under the influence of digital technologies. This article distinguishes two fields of digital technology use: organization of everyday life and formation of digital identity. Moreover, the object of the research is the formation of digital identity. Based on the content analysis of social networks, two models of digital identity are differentiated: positive and negative digital “Selves”, which compose a transformable digital identity. A point of view is put forward that under the influence of the above-mentioned analysis, new value orientations are formed, which are not universal, but transformable.

Background: CKD may be defined as either kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/mm/1.73 m2 for more than three months. Kidney damage is defined as pathological abnormalities or marks of damage including abnormalities in blood, urine, and imaging test. Objective: To analyze the changes in cortical thickness of the kidney and, the size of the kidney with progression to CKD. Methods: This study, conducted between May 2021 to April 2022, employed a retrospective cross-sectional design within the ultrasound department of a Tertiary Hospital. The study involved 200 CKD patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of < 60 ml/min. Serum creatinine estimation was performed alongside blood tests on the same day as ultrasonography, which assessed echogenicity, parenchymal thickness, cortical thickness, and longitudinal length. All gathered data were recorded in the pro forma. Results: The patient cohort had an average age of 54.62±13.3 years. Mean serum creatinine showed significant variance across echogenicity grades (p=0.0005). Comparable trends were observed for mean parenchymal thickness (p=0.0005), mean longitudinal length (p=0.0005), and mean corticomedullary distinction (p=0.0005). A statistically significant highly positive correlation emerged between serum creatinine and cortical echogenicity grading (r=0.915, p = 0.0005). Conclusion: Renal cortical echogenicity, particularly its grading, exhibited the most substantial correlation with serum creatinine among various sonographic parameters like longitudinal length, parenchymal thickness, and cortical thickness in CKD patients. As renal cortical echogenicity's irreversible nature contrasts with serum creatinine levels, it stands as a viable parameter for renal function assessment.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous symbionts that colonize approximately 80% of wild and cultivated plants, with the exception of a few botanical families such as Amarantaceae, Brassicaceae, Cyperaceae, and Chenopodiaceae, which mycorrhizae less or not at all. These symbioses are important because they improve the hydro-mineral nutrition of plants. During a succession of crops on a plot, it is possible to observe the diversity of AMF in the soil; this work fits into this framework. The experiment was carried out in pots in a completely randomized block design with 5 crops, including rice-beans-amaranth-okra-eggplant, repeated 5 times. The temporal dynamics of AMF were assessed during crop succession on the same soil. The results show a high species richness for rice, with 23 AMF species compared to 9 AMF species found on amaranth. Spore density and root colonization frequency show the same trend, respectively 5 to 38 spores per 100 g soil for rice compared to 3 to 10 spores per 100 g soil for amaranth. The colonization frequency ranged from 79 to 80% in rice and bean, while amaranth was only colonized to 13%. The introduction of amaranth during crop succession contributes to a decrease in species richness, spore density and AMF colonization frequency, in contrast to other crops.

Wannan maƙalar ta yi nazarin karin maganganu na mutane masu buƙata ta musamman domin gano falsafar Bahaushe a kan wannan rukunin mutane da kuma tubalan da ake amfani da su wajen ginin karin maganganu masu alaƙa da su. Binciken ya yi amfani da manya da ƙananan hanyoyin tattara bayanai waɗanda suka haɗa da: Tattaunawa da lura ta kai-tsaye, da sauraren kafafen yaɗa labarai da ziyartar ɗakunan karatu na manyan makarantu don samun bayanai da karin maganganu masu alaƙa da mutane masu buƙata ta musamman. Sakamakon binciken ya yi nasarar fito da falsafar Bahaushe kan mutane masu buƙata ta musamman da kuma tubalai biyar da ake amfani da su wajen ginin karin maganganu na mutane masu buƙata ta musamman. A ƙarshe, maƙalar ta kammala da cewa, akwai jinsin mutane masu buƙata ta musamman a cikin Hausawa waɗanda ke da tunani da hikimomi da basira irin tasu. Sai dai, rashin kyakkyawar kulawa da kuma ƙyamar da wasu mutane ke nuna musu, ya sa suka zama tamkar saniyar ware a cikin al’umma. Saboda haka akwai buƙatar masana da manazarta su ƙara himma ga bincike a kan al’amurran da suka shafi waɗannan mutane domin inganta rayukansu da ciyar da al’umma gaba.

Co-curricular activities encompassing uniform units, clubs, and associations are compulsory courses in all educational institutions in Malaysia. The implementation of co-curricular activities requires neat preparation in order to reduce exposure to the risk of loss, injury, and accidents during the activities. Therefore, this study aimed to produce an instrument for effective co-curricular activity risk management (also known as (CoARM) to guide administrators, lecturers, and students, in conducting safe co-curricular activities, especially at Malaysian teacher education institute (TEIM). This study used the Fuzzy-Delphi method involving 30 experts in the field of co-curriculum from public universities and TEIM. The questionnaire was constructed based on the analysis of field expert interviews and a literature review. It was then sent for expert agreement on the elements, sub-elements, and content of CoARM at TEIM. The findings distinguish three (3) elements and fifteen (15) sub-elements of CoARM when planning and implementing co-curricular activities. The first element was the human element involving trainers, participants, support staff, service providers, and external agencies. The second element, the equipment element, involved anchorage, accommodation, facilities for special activity equipment, and safety equipment. The third element was the environment element with the sub-elements of weather, location, activity routes, security threats, and rescue routes. The CoARM instrument is expected to provide new knowledge as well as to serve as a guide in the field to increase the public’s confidence in organising co-curricular activities at Malaysian educational institutions and as a reference source in the future construction of CoARM modules.

As a business entity whose existence is strengthened by law, cooperatives in Indonesia cannot be run traditionally. Cooperatives are the cornerstone of the economy which must be managed in a modern way in the current modern era. The purpose of this research is to explain thateducationis one of the important aspects in changing digital-based cooperative civilization, especially in the aspects of membership, capital and member profits (SHU). The research design uses a qualitative approach with a case study type on a single case. The research results found that members become owners, users and potential customers of cooperatives, therefore cooperatives must respond to the needs of these members quickly through digital services. Cultivating cooperative capital is carried out through savings and loans, where by digitizing financial reporting can be monitored directly. Through participation, members' welfare can be improved in a sustainable manner.

This study analysed the spatial distribution of urban poverty in Uyo, Akwa Ibom. This research had three objectives and two hypotheses. This study used stratified and simple random sampling techniques to gather data through questionnaires and observations. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed on the collected data. The study found that poverty determinants in Uyo included education, occupation, source of income, housing conditions, household expenditure, medical facilities, sources of water, and power supply. The researchers tested two hypotheses using ANOVA, which found a significant difference in the spatial distribution of poor urban residents in Uyo, but no significant difference in the causes and consequences of poor residential districts. This study estimated Uyo's poverty line as ₦11,768.3 using 2/3 of the mean household expenditure of residents. The study also used the spatial interpolation technique in ArcGIS 10.3 software to design a map of Uyo showing the spatial distribution pattern of urban poverty, revealing that Oku and Ikono had high levels of poverty, while Offot and Etoi had the least. The study suggested the need for infrastructural development and enhancement of human capital through training in life skills and vocations to stimulate the innate entrepreneurial potential of people, expand their income-generating capacities, and become more productive.