The purpose of this study is to describe the social and moral values in the novel Bumi Manusia by Premoedya Ananta Toer. This research uses qualitative methods, namely research that pays attention to natural data, data in relation to the context of its existence. It is these ways that encourage qualitative to be considered as multi-method because research in turn involves a large number of relevant social phenomena, the object of research being a novel written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer entitled "Bumi Human". The most commonly found element in social values is the social value in the value of affection. This value is found a lot because there are values of devotion, caring, kinship, helping. The results of this study found that social value is something that is considered good or bad in community groups. To determine whether good or bad must go through a weighing process by analyzing what is observed in community groups. In social values, there is a value of compassion related to the affection bestowed by the creator to humans so that a value of compassion has been instilled in humans since they were born, the value of responsibility relates to an act carried out by each individual based on obligation or calling. a person, and the value of harmony in life is related to tolerance, cooperation, justice, and humanity. This of course can provide the value of knowledge that is not yet known by the public.

The present study attempts to evaluate the growth and performance of 21 private banks of the Indian banking system using indicators like credit, deposit, return on assets etc. The study also evaluates the overall technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency, allocative efficiency and cost efficiency between 2009-10 to 2018-19 using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA). The inputs and outputs have been specified using intermediation approach. The inputs used are sum of deposits and borrowings, number of employees and fixed assets. Investments, advances and other income are taken as outputs. Prices of inputs have also been used to evaluate allocative and cost efficiency. The findings of the study indicate that new private banks had better average overall technical efficiency, average pure technical efficiency, average scale efficiency and average cost efficiency. IDFC bank was the only bank efficient in all the types of efficiencies. Further, the negative effect of non-performing assets was also seen on the performance and efficiency of new and old private banks.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the online practicum program on students' professional development, personal growth, skills, and abilities at the College of Business, Systems Plus College Foundation in Angeles City, Philippines during the pandemic. The study included 28 practicum students from the College of Business of Systems Plus College Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines, who were studying Bachelor of Science in Accountancy and Bachelor of Science in Customs Administration. The research employed a structured questionnaire of 28 closed-ended items rated on a 5-point Likert scale on gender, course pursuing, reason and expectation from the practicum, and influence of practicum on the professional development, personal growth, skill, and abilities of the respondents. The gender, course pursuing, reasons, and expectations of respondents were analyzed using descriptive analysis. A reliability scale through Cronbach Alpha was used to assess the questionnaire's reliability. normality was evaluated employing univariate and multivariate normality of skewness and kurtosis, and a non-parametric test through Mann-Whitney test was used to calculate the p-value measuring the evidence against the null hypothesis. The evaluation on the influence of online practicum among the respondents was carried out through a non-parametric test using Mann Whitney test. The study's findings show the influence of internship programs on the professional and personal growth and skills of COB-SPCF business students.

Purpose: Information extraction from big data is improved by either reducing the number of features in a data set or selecting features using intelligent data analysis. Generally, big data sets are complex to process using traditional approaches. Feature selection is highly essential in big data information extraction because it chooses the subset of features that influence the final classification. Reducing the number of selected features in the data leads to enhanced accuracy and efficiency of data extraction with other attributes used in the mathematical model. This work aims to improve the performance of the classifier using an enhanced binary bat algorithm-based effective feature selection model. formulated to enhance accuracy, efficiency of data extraction with other attributes. An enhanced binary bat algorithm (EBBA) proposed to solve the mentioned problem using local optimization and global optimization factor which improves the performance of optimization. Experiment carried out with different datasets selected to test effective performance of proposed algorithm and demonstrated performance is better with other algorithms. Design: The purpose of this paper is to provide, an effective feature selection model for big data information extraction. An enhanced binary bat algorithm has been proposed to improve attribute selection using local optimization and global optimization methods. Classification of multisource data using selected features using labeled approach. Particular Information extraction for multi view multi label (PIMM) approach is compared with EBBA algorithm. Further to enhance effectiveness of shared and specific information in big data [3] by setting the delta and omega factors in order to fuse different information from different view point, Online analysis of relevance with any redundancy analysis also been incorporated. Findings: All the experiments were carried out with different datasets on the number of iterations and fitness of the attributes to validate the effective performance of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results and graphs show that the proposed methodology improves the overall performance of optimization using PIMM models. Originality: A feature selection model based on the binary bat algorithm has been the focus of this paper. Subset selection and feature ranking are the two important methods used in this approach. Experiments were conducted on datasets to analyze the patterns in the number of iterations and fitness of the attributes over selection. The improvement in feature selection leads to better classification accuracy of the proposed model compared to other nature inspired techniques.

Introduction: Hair has accompanied human development since the ancient time as a symbol of power, dominance, and strength. It has been perceived as a thing of beauty and a tool for sexual communication. Over the years, anthropologists have studied the body hair distribution particularly phalangeal hair; this is because it shows variation in relation to race, nationality and ethnic groups. Clinicians have also shown great interest in the study of bodily hairs due to its many useful biological functions, including dispersion of sweat gland products. There are few reports of distribution of mid-digital hair among some tribes in Nigeria but there is paucity of data among the Idoma tribe of Benue State. Hence, this study aimed to investigate and document the frequency of distribution of mid-digital hair among Idoma tribe of Benue State. Method: The study was community-based, descriptive, and cross-sectional with a sample size of 401. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire that was administered by an interviewer following an examination of the mid-digital hair. Result: mid- digital hairs was present in 113 (28.2%) of the participants and absent in 288(71.8%) of the participants. The only significant socio-demographic characteristics among participants were the educational level with 7.754(0.051). Conclusion: The study indicated that less than one-third of the participants had mid-digital hair. Furthermore, the mid-digital hair distribution was sexually dimorphic, as it was more prevalent among the males than the females (ratio of 8: 6). The reason for the higher distribution in the males than females could be attributed to the hormonal difference in both genders.

Objectives: 1) Study the predominant palatal rugae characteristics in Angles classes of malocclusions. 2) Statistically relate the major palatal rugae characteristics with Angles classes of malocclusions and thereby study the probability of employing it in forecasting malocclusions. Materials and Methods: The data for classifying malocclusion was obtained from the patients’ clinical records. Study casts of the palate of 100 healthy orthodontic patients were included as Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 respectively. Palatal rugae characteristics for all groups were recorded and Class 2 was compared with Classes 2, and 3 according to angles classification and analyzed. Distribution of 100 study casts for the study- 34 Class 1; 34 Class 2 and 32 Class 3. Inclusion Criteria: 1) The casts were categorized into class 1, 2 and 3 based on the ANB angle of 0-4 degrees for class 1, more than 4 degrees for class 2 and less than 0 degrees for class 3. 2) No previous orthodontics treatment. 3) No anomalies. Exclusion Criteria: 1) Study casts of inferior quality. 2) Records of any patient having history of previous anomalies affecting the maxilla rugae. Statistics: Predominant palatal rugae data of groups was entered in SPSS (version 10.0) software and statistically analyzed using ANOVA test to assess the differences between Class 1, 2 and 3 malocclusions study casts for the palatal rugae. Palatal rugae size (length) and number analysis shall be using Krukas-wallis test. The Pattern (Shape) and orientation (Position) of the palatal rugae shall be assessed using chi-square test. Results: Wavy and complex rugae were prevalent in Class 1 and 3 malocclusions and showed statistically significant difference between Class 1, 2 and 3 malocclusions (p=0.00, 0.014 and 0.016 respectively). The wavy pattern was higher in Class 1 and horizontal and complex higher in Class 3. Conclusions: Predominant palatal rugae can be considered on vaticination of malocclusions, still, clinical correlation is must. Further studies could be accepted to develop digital styles to identify predominant palatal rugae and prognosticate malocclusion.

The spectrum of substrates for textual reading is being broadened as a result of digitisation to include a variety of screen-based technologies and reading devices, such as e-readers (e.g. kindle) and tablets (e.g. iPad). These technologies differ significantly from paper in terms of their capabilities. Given that textual reading is both likely to remain important as a cultural practice and is undergoing massive change as digital screens supplement paper – with the potential to replace it as the dominant substrate – there is an urgent need to investigate the effects of this change on the reading of various types of texts for various purposes. The necessity for an integrated, transdisciplinary paradigm of embodied, textual reading that takes into consideration its psychological, ergonomic, technical, social, cultural, and evolutionary components is discussed in this essay. The suggested model aims to be somewhat explanatory in the sense that it connects and integrates the available data. It is also partially exploratory in the sense that it highlights knowledge gaps that require further research. As a result, the model will be utilized to direct the planning of future research as well as to increase the compatibility and applicability of research.

The price of crude oil has fluctuated in India over the past few decades which has drawn significant attention because of it impact on all economic sectors. The present study aims to identify how oil price volatility affects the real exchange rate in India from 1st July 2009 to 2nd January 2020. For short-run and long-run analysis, various econometric methods have been applied, including Granger Causality, ARDL Bound test, FEVD, and IRF. The study divided the entire sample into sub-samples based on Breakpoint analysis and then performed the ARDL Bound testing procedure in each sub-sample. Causality results revealed that most samples exhibited strong unidirectional causality from oil prices to exchange rates. However, the long-run and short-run results from the ARDL model failed to detect any cointegration among the underlying variables for the entire sample. The calculated F-statistics is 4.35, which is less than the lower and upper critical bound values provided by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001). The GIRF has been used to calculate the dynamic marginal effect of a one-standard-deviation shock in oil prices on the current and future values of the Rupee-Dollar exchange rate. The exchange rate fell in the first three samples due to one standard deviation shock in oil prices. However, the contribution of oil prices to the exchange rate is positive in the fourth sample period.

Objectives: 1) To understand the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the dental education system. 2) To determine the preparedness of dental educators/ education systems to face the new challenges. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire study involving dental educators from different countries was conducted. The time of conduct of this survey was from Oct 2021 to March 2022. The google form questionnaire used to collect the responses. With the intention to cover most of the global responses, at least one country from each continent was chosen. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows release 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Descriptive statistics were generated, and Chi-square test was used to examine differences in responses to the questions. The significance level was stated as p < 0.05. Results: Out of 280 invitations sent, 237 responses were received. Among the respondent’s 68.4% were male, 28.1% were female and the rest (3.5%) preferred not to mention their gender. There were 63.3% between the age of 36-45 and having teaching experience between 10-19 years. Most of the responses were the faculty members with the designation of Assistant and Associate professor. Responses received from a total of 13 countries. India (96) followed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (78). 96.2% of respondents agreed that the Covid- 19 pandemic has influenced the dental education system. Majority (85.7%) believed the pandemic had a negative impact on dental education. Maximum number of respondents cited the social distancing norms (43%), as the reason for such an impact. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents agreed that the pandemic had an adverse effect on the existing dental education practices. Effect was mainly because of reasons like implementation of social distancing norms, socioeconomic impact of the pandemic and changes in the government policies for safe practices. Although half of the respondents agree that they lack the knowledge and skills to adapt to the changing needs of the dental education system, there was an overwhelming interest for upgrading their skills to match the evolving requirements.

Bladder endometriosis is a rare location of endometriosis. We present a case of female patient with an inter vesical-uterine septum mass that was an incidental finding during the realization of a pelvis IMR to characterize an ovarian tumor. We performed a surgical resection. Histopathological examination revealed a bladder adenomyomas.

Objective: COVID-19 is a disease that, as of 2020, has affected the whole world. Its spread being rapid, early detection would contribute to its control. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with this detection fast in Kinshasa. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with an analytical aim is carried out on 713 people suspected of COVID-19 upon their admission to the Covid Treatment Center of the University Clinics of Kinshasa (CTC / CUK) between 2020 and 2021 through the exploitation of the database registering these patients. Data are analyzed using jamovi software version 2.3.18. Frequencies, Fisher's Exact test then logistic regression with α = 0.05 are used. Results: In total, we recorded 713 cases, 459 or 64.4% tested positive at the first screening. The median age is 59.0 years. The sex ratio is 1.7 in favor of men. The following characteristics are associated with early detection of COVID-19: advanced age (OR = 2.9 *1.03 – 8.29+); arterial hypertension (OR = 1.7 *1.15 – 2.52]); diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.66 [1.92 – 6.98]); body aches (OR = 0.41 [0.20 – 0.83]) as well as signs of respiratory distress (OR = 2.4 [1.44 – 3.87]). Conclusion: This study shows that elderly patients, those with a history of hypertension, diabetes and signs of respiratory distress tested positive at the first screening upon arrival at the CTC/CUK, unlike those with body aches. These cases would therefore require special attention from all staff of the COVID-19 response team for appropriate care.

The study investigated the changes in soil properties as a function bagasse ash proportion during soil stabilization. Addition of bagasse ash in soil during stabilization is carried out to improve the properties of soil susceptible to deformation under load effect. The bagasse ash was obtained from Costus cupreifolius mass. The experimental values obtained from maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were fitted to a linear model to ascertain the degree of correlation between the properties and the percentage of bagasse ash. Experimental results showed that bagasse ash improved the properties of the soil positively. Thus, the maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, and the consistency limits of the stabilized soil reduced with addition of bagasse ash, while the California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of the soil were increased. The model also interpreted the fitted experimental observations with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.7501 to 0.9792. Therefore, using a mathematical model will be useful to predict the properties of soil for a given mix design without direct measurement, especially in the case where the instrument is prone to error. Application of model would also be useful for design and analysis.

Introduction: The garment industry is a crucial contributor to the economy of Bangladesh and employs a large number of women of reproductive age. However, contraceptive use among these women is low, which can lead to unintended pregnancies and adverse health outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the contraceptive practices and associated factors among female garment workers in Bangladesh. Methods: This prospective observational cross- sectional study was conducted at Islami Bank Hospital, Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was 1 year, from November 2021 to October 2022. During this period, a total of 300 garment workers were enrolled in the study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria from those employed at any of the various garments of Mirpur region, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Result: The study found that a majority of participants were aged 21-25 years (44.33%), Muslim (77.67%), had a primary level of education (44.33%), and had 1-2 children (69.33%). Almost half of the participants had good knowledge of contraception (48.33%), 66.67% had a positive attitude and 66.00% reported using contraception regularly. The most commonly used method of contraception was oral contraceptive pills (43.04%), followed by condoms (29.13%), and injections (22.17%). A considerable number of participants (14.35%) reported an unknown source of contraception. Among the 70 participants who did not use contraceptives, the most commonly reported reasons were an expectation that the patient will not get pregnant (45.71%) and partner refusal (41.43%). Only 25.33% of participants had access to family planning services. The accessibility of family planning services was significantly associated with the knowledge of contraception, the attitude toward contraception, and the use of contraception. The use of contraception was higher among participants who reported access to family planning services (84.93%) compared to those who did not have access (59.91%). Conclusion: The study highlights the low prevalence of contraceptive use among female garment workers in Bangladesh and the need for increased access to family planning services. Partner involvement and education on contraceptive methods and their side effects may also contribute to increased contraceptive use.

The aim of this study is to revisit the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth. The motivation behind this study is that there is ambiguous evidence across countries on FDI and economic growth. However, there have been many studies conducted across countries but there is a scanty literature available on FDI and economic growth in India. The relation between FDI and economic growth is vague. Therefore, this study is an addition to all previous studies, try to posit the relationship between economic growth and FDI. Energy consumption has been taken as a control variable into consideration. The study has covered time-series data from 1990 to 2019. The ARDL bound test approach has been employed to confirm the cointegration among the variables. The bound test confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship between FDI and economic growth. The error-correction term negative sign indicates that there is a divergence between dependant and independent variables in the short-run. The empirical results state that FDI has a significant impact on economic growth

Medicinal plants are considered more accessible, affordable and also associated with minimal side effects compared to orthodox medicines in most developing countries. These factors in addition to multiple cultural and long term historical relevance have contributed to its increasing popularity around the world. This study was carried out to assess the antioxidative and serum lipid effects of leaf extract of Rhizophora mangle on male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. Group one (1) served as control and received distilled water. Group two (2) and group three (3) were treated with 200mg/kg bw and 400mg/kg bw of the ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mangle respectively. Group four (4) was treated with 600mg/kg of the extract. Extract administration lasted for 30 days. The results obtained showed that the extract did not cause significant changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluthathione reductase enzyme activities but decreased gluthathione peroxidase enzyme activity. The level of malondialdehyde was not altered. The lipid parameters including low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations were not significantly affected. This study showed that, extracts of Rhizophora mangle did not alter the level of lipid peroxidation and may not confer any benefits against development of lipid induced-cardiovascular disorders.