A case is presented of falsely low serum bicarbonate levels with normal arterial blood gas bicarbonate levels in a patient with high triglyceride (TG) levels. This false phenomenon is explained by the presence of high triglyceride levels. Most laboratories use an enzymatic/photometric or indirect ion-selective electrode method to measure bicarbonate. Hyperlipidemia interferes with photometric analysis due to its light scattering effect. An ABG analyser employs a direct ion-selective electrode method that is free from the errors of a photometric analyser. Currently, several methods are available to eliminate the interference of lipemia and allow accurate measurement of biological quantities. The clinical laboratory must establish a protocol for handling lipemic samples according to the biological quantity to be tested.

Background: Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality is decreasing in most countries with effective antenatal care and safe child delivery facilities, but it is rising in underdeveloped nations with low resources and dangerous home birth practices. The present study sought to determine the factors that influence home birth in western Sudan. Methodology: This is a descriptive longitudinal study that took place at the Obstetrics and Gynecology teaching hospital in Al-Obeid, North Kordofan State, Sudan, from January to December of 2023. This study has enrolled around 224 individuals. Results: Financial problems were the most common reason for choosing home birth (23.6%). The majority of cases (22.3%) occurred among individuals under the age of 20. The majority of cases were from rural areas, accounting for 62.1%. The majority of the study population (29.9%) were illiterates. The majority of the patients (22.7%) were from Shikan, while the remaining were from other war-affected locations. Conclusion: The preference for home childbirth is growing in western Sudan states, particularly among illiterates, rural residents, teenagers, and low-income patients. The most apparent factors include financial and community beliefs.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has revolutionized the way medical data and information are managed. While AI offers unprecedented opportunities for improving patient care and outcomes, it also raises concerns about patient privacy and data security. This literature review examines the implications of AI on healthcare data and information management, exploring the benefits, challenges, and potential solutions to ensure patient privacy and data security. By analyzing relevant articles and research, this review provides insights into the current state, future directions, and ethical considerations of AI in healthcare. The review finds that while AI has immense potential, there are critical aspects that need to be addressed to strike a balance between innovation and patient data protection. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge by offering recommendations and best practices to mitigate risks and harness the full potential of AI in healthcare while upholding patient privacy and data security.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of biological treatments administered after an initial treatment with Rituximab. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the baseline data of the Moroccan biotherapy registry for RBSMR. Demographics and disease features were compared using descriptive statistics. The study evaluated the effectiveness of switching to a new biological by measuring DAS28 and ΔDAS28 at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of follow-up. Adverse effects were also assessed. The study compared the switcher and non-switcher groups, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 165 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with Rituximab as their first biologic. The mean age of patients was 51.79 ± 11.27 years with a majority of females (87.9%). The mean duration of the disease was 13.84 ± 9.07 years. In 21.81% of cases, 36 patients required at least one switch due to ineffectiveness. After 1 year of follow-up, switchers had a greater ΔDAS 28-ESR (-0.31 ± 2.22) compared to non-switchers (-0.17 ± 1.72). At 1-year follow-up, 53.6% of switchers were in remission/LDA compared to 43.8% of non-switchers. Adverse effects to biotherapy were more common in switchers (44.4%) than non-switchers (31%), with infections being the most common adverse effect in both groups (22.2% and 13.2%, respectively). Conclusion: Switching after Rituximab in RA patients may be as effective and tolerable as switching after TNF inhibitors.

This study analyses the impact of the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and India on their trade and investment connections. The CEPA is a bilateral trade agreement that encompasses discussions on the exchange of services and investments, as well as other aspects of economic collaboration. This trade deal is India’s inaugural bilateral trade pact in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) area. The article employs several data sources and analytical techniques, including trade statistics, economic indicators, qualitative data, and econometric models, to examine and differentiate the trade and investment trends between India and the UAE prior to and following the CEPA agreement. The article also examines the potential variables that impacted the changes, including the tariff and non-tariff obstacles, market access and possibilities, political and diplomatic connections, and the regional and global context. The study reveals that the CEPA agreement has notably augmented the two-way trade and investment between India and the UAE, particularly in crucial industries such as mineral fuels, electrical machinery, gems and jewellery, vehicles, essential oils, cereals, and chemical products. The study also offers policy suggestions for strengthening their bilateral collaboration in the post-pandemic period.

This paper focuses on an African pluralistic conception of human nature with specific reference to a Cameroonian Philosopher and Theologian Pierre Meinrad Hebga (1928-2008), whose thesis was developed as an attempt to resolve the problems raised by dualism. It should be recalled that the question on human nature since the 17th century had been dominated by Western dualism, in its diverse forms, and it was based on the dichotomy between two substances; a perishable material body; and the immortal soul. The dualist conception of human nature combines both materialist and immaterialist perspectives of human nature. However, it suffered from the dilemma of the dualist problem precisely to know which of the two substances controls the other and how two completely different substances can interact. From this dualistic conception, a question arises to know whether the human body is pure matter. It in this light that Hebga rejects the Western dualism and hence proposes a pluralistic and unified interpretation of human nature from an African perspective based on a tripartite division (a three in one conception); body, breath and shadow which co-exists with each instance representing an entire person viewed from a particular perspective. Likewise, the three instances are relational and cohabit as a composite. This implies that both the body and the soul that form a composite both subsist at death and are hence transcendental. The basic thrust to Hebga’s thesis of this paper is that the human body is not just simple material entity, but material entity informed by breath (spirit), which subsists at death and goes beyond. Human beings are to be thought as beings distinct in kind from purely physical objects. Hebga’s transcendental view of the body in particular and the other non-corporeal instances enable us to understand paranormal phenomena. Hence, throughout this paper our position shall be that of a pluralistic conception of the human being as a composite of the material body, the immaterial breath and shadow. I will further employ Hebga’s tripartite division of human instances to explain paranormal activities as another dimension of human nature. A historical and critical analysis of various secondary sources including Hebga’s philosophical works will help to bring to limelight that his philosophical approach on human nature falls within the armpit of the philosophy of postmodernism, and particularly, deconstruction, for it attempts to disclose the contradictions of classical philosophical concepts; and also tries to open up new and innovative human thinking.

Talents in the public sector are considered an elite force of the Vietnamese Party cadres; the contingent of civil servants, state employees and the intellectuals of our country. Consequently, attracting and appreciating talented people in the public sector is a strategic matter for national construction and development, especially in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0), trends in globalization and transition to a knowledge economy. In this article, by clarifying the connotation of attracting and appreciating talents, especially attracting and appreciating talents in the public sector, the author analyzes the necessity of attracting and appreciating talents in Vietnam public sector in the context of digital transformation in Vietnam; raise some concerns about this issue and thereby making proposals to improve the efficiency of attracting and appreciating talents in Vietnam public sector to meet the requirements of the new context.

This research investigation centers on assessing the mechanical properties of hybrid composites formed by integrating composite fibers in woven mat form into a matrix element, employing diverse stacking sequences of symmetrical laminates. Specifically, the objective of this research is to experimentally evaluate the mechanical characteristics, including density, hardness, impact resistance, flexural strength, tensile strength, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of S-glass and Basalt fiber epoxy hybrid composites, followed the procedures outlined as per ASTM standards. The laminates were manufactured using a combination of hand lay-up and compression molding techniques, employing four distinct stacking sequences. The mechanical characteristics of these hybrid composites were subsequently compared to those of pure composite counterparts. The mechanical robustness of the resultant composites was systematically evaluated. Experimental findings revealed that the hybrid composite with a stacking sequence of 2/2 B-S-E-C exhibited the highest tensile strength and flexural strength, measuring 330.5 MPa and 367.53 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, this composite demonstrated elevated density and Shore hardness, registering a value of 90. However, it is noteworthy that the impact properties and ILSS of the pure B-E-C composite were superior, boasting a Charpy impact strength of 98.85 KJ/m2, Izod impact strength of 1225.80 J/m, and ILSS of 38.10 MPa. To gain insights into the fracture morphology of the hybrid composites during testing, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was conducted. SEM images revealed that the hybrid composite with a 2/2 B-S-E-C stacking sequence exhibited fiber/matrix and its interfacial interactions upon their failure, mainly focusing its fractured surface in comparison to other hybrid composite configurations. Overall, the results underscore a significant enhancement in mechanical properties when hybrid composites are configured optimally.

Bacillus spp. and related bacteria such as Lysinibacillus spp. are commonly regarded as contaminants if isolated in the laboratory primarily due to their ubiquitous nature and perceived lack of pathogenicity. There are no reports of ocular infection by this agent in the literature. This article describes an unusual case of corneal abscess caused by Lysinibacillus sphaericus, which developed after corneal trauma.

Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) / Osseous metaplasia of endometrium is a very rare pathological entity which can cause infertility and menorrhagia in females. We present a 30 year old female presenting to the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department with chief complaints of infertility. Her menstrual history was normal. She did not have any other significant complaints. Her laboratory investigations were within normal limits. A pelvic ultrasound was performed which showed a significantly thickened endometrium. Following which an endometrial curretting was done and the same was sent to histopathological department. Grossly the specimen was received in multiple fragments aggregating to 2cc. Among the soft tissue fragments, bits of hard and gritty fragments were also noted. Microscopy showed tubular endometrial glands admixed with endometrial stroma and numerous mature lamellar and woven bony trabeculae. No evidence of granuloma/ hyperplasia/ malignancy noted in the multiple sections examined.

This research aims to explore more deeply the impact of functional training on improving the physical abilities of combat sport athletes. By analyzing and evaluating various related studies, the results of this research will provide in-depth insight into the effectiveness and relevance of functional training in the context of athlete development in combat sports. This type of research is a literature review, by searching for articles via Google Scholar. The search results found 5 articles from 2022 - 2023 that were in accordance with the topic of this research (Table 1). The types of combat sports that have been identified are judo, martial arts, wrestling, sambo, taekwondo. The conclusion of this research is that functional training is a training method that focuses on improving the performance of combat sport athletes because it involves certain muscles or movements according to the type of combat sport. The type of training applied in this training can be adjusted to the athlete's condition or periodization phase, of course with clear objectives. So the advantage of functional training is that it can adapt from other training methods such as body weight, machine assistance or other equipment. However, from further analysis of the sample and research results, it appears that athletes who undergo functional training are athletes who are trained or have had a lot of competition experience. The opinion of the results of this research is that functional training is specifically for athletes who are experienced or have had a lot of training hours.

The aim of this research is to analyze and evaluate various research findings regarding the effect of the Bosu Ball training method on improving athletes' balance. This type of research is a literature review. Search for this article through the database on Google Scholar with the keywords 'bosu ball' and 'balance'. Based on this search, 5 articles were found (2022 – 2023) that matched the keywords and were worthy of analysis and evaluation. The results of the literature review analysis show that the Bosu Ball training method has consistently proven effective in improving athletes' balance. Then form flexible exercises using a bosu ball, such as using a circuit or combining it with other types of exercise. However, based on the evaluation of the discussion of each research result, it seems that training using the bosu ball is only an additional exercise or not as the main exercise. So the recommendation from the results of this research is to apply bosu ball training by combining other types of training that have characteristics such as strength training, speed training or endurance training, and you can also modify the number of sets or repetitions. The hope is that the physical abilities of other athletes will increase. Further research is also needed to strengthen these findings and further explore the potential benefits of Bosu Ball in improving athletes' physical abilities other than balance as well as the positive impact on athlete performance in various types of sports.

Education is considered as the key to success in many countries. As a result, in Kenya most parents take pride in their children when they perform well in educational matters. This study aimed at investigating the influence of teachers’ professional development on learner’s competency achievement in public primary schools. This study was grounded on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. It adopted a descriptive survey design. Questionnaires and interview schedules were used in data collection. The population of the study comprised of 54 headteachers, 432 teachers, 4 curriculum Support Officers (CSOs) and 1 Sub County Director of Education (SCDE). Krejcie and Morgan table was used to sample 24 headteachers and 190 teachers while purposive sampling was used to 4 Curriculum Support Officers and 1 SCDE. The study sample comprised of 24 head teachers from a target population of 54 public primary headteachers in the sub county, 190 teachers from a target population of 432 teachers in the sub county, the Sub County Director of Education and 2 CSOs. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was done with the assistance of supervisors are experts. Reliability was done by using test re- test methods which yielded alpha of 0.67. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to analyse quantitative data where descriptive such as frequencies and percentages were used to describe the data. While Pearson correlation was used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Qualitative data from interview schedules and documents were analysed using thematic analysis and results were triangulated with quantitative data. The study found out that teachers professional development (r= 0.555, p=0.015) had a positive correlation with learners competency achievement. This implied that this variable had a significant influence on learner’s competency achievement. It was therefore recommended that teachers’ professional development programmes should be enhanced in schools.

Trafficking in Persons is unarguably one of the largest crime industries in the 21st century that demand a concrete and comprehensive legal policy approach. However, as it turns out into practice, trafficking in persons is a low-risk, high-reward form of crime. This is qualitative research using a statutory approach, case and conceptual approaches. The primary legal materials resulted from relevant laws and legislation. The legal material collected is analysed prescriptively. The results showed that the Indonesian National Police's resource support in eradicating the Crime of Trafficking in Persons is currently still inadequate in terms of human resources, budget support, and facilities and infrastructure support. Anticipating the impact of low economic growth in Indonesia and limited employment opportunities in the country resulting in many Indonesians being forced to work abroad. The ideal model (role model) offered is measured based on the establishment of reciprocal cooperative relations between countries will become easier and smoother to support the success of eradicating the crime of trafficking in persons. Realizing the acceleration of settlement times for cross-border Criminal Trafficking in Persons cases. Realizing increased communication and exchange of information related which is useful in preventing and enforcing the law, as well as resolving problems between countries.

Background: Cervical cancer poses a significant public health challenge globally, especially in regions like Bangladesh where access to effective screening programs is limited. Early detection and management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) play crucial roles in preventing the progression to cervical cancer. This study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy, compared with histopathological findings, in detecting various grades of CIN and cervical cancer. Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed hospital records of 200 VIA-positive cases from January 2021 to December 2023 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Colposcopic examinations were conducted, followed by histopathological evaluations of biopsied tissues to confirm the presence and grade of CIN. Data on demographic characteristics, clinical findings, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result: Of the participants, 44% had normal colposcopic findings, while the prevalence of CIN I, CIN II, CIN III, and cervical cancer was 22.5%, 17%, 11%, and 4%, respectively. Histopathological correlation confirmed 46% as normal, with discrepancies noted in higher-grade lesion diagnosis. The study highlighted the high sensitivity but variable specificity of colposcopy in detecting and grading cervical lesions. Conclusion: Colposcopy serves as a valuable diagnostic tool in the early detection of cervical abnormalities. However, discrepancies in lesion grading underscore the need for integrating colposcopy with histopathological evaluations to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient management.