Background: Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) impose significant challenges not only on individuals grappling with addiction but also on the caregivers who provide support and care. The caregiving role is associated with multifaceted burdens that require understanding and targeted interventions. Recognizing the diverse dimensions of caregiver burden is crucial for offering effective support. Objective: The study aimed to find out the caregiver burden in substance use disorder patients, examining severity and socio-demographic correlations, contributing insights into effective support strategies. Methodology: The cross-sectional observational study took place at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College's Psychiatry Department and a private psychiatric and drug rehabilitation center in Sylhet from September 1, 2018, to August 31, 2020. The research focused on substance use disorder patients and their caregivers, involving 50 eligible patients selected through inclusion and exclusions criteria. Diagnoses followed DSM IV criteria. Socio-demographics were gathered via semi-structured questionnaires. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Bengali Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) scale through approximately hour-long interviews, with 1-2 daily. Ethical procedures encompassed informed consent and confidentiality assurance. Result: The study included 50 male participants. Patients mean age was 31.92 (±8.21) and caregivers mean age was 41.68 (±12.89). Mainly, caregivers were mothers (40%) and wives (34%). Caregivers experiencing moderate to severe burden were 58%, mild to moderate burden were 26%, and severe burden were 16%. Mean ZBI score was 48.22±13.55. Higher burden correlated with illiteracy, low family income, excessive drug spending, prolonged substance use, and multiple drug usage. Alcohol users faced more burden than other substance users. Female caregivers, younger age, and housewives experienced heightened burden. No burden links were found with marital status, habitat, religion, family type, or drug administration method. Conclusion: This study concluded that Substance use heightens caregiver burden, notably among female, young, and housewife caregivers. Addressing these trends is vital for effective care of substance use disorder patients.

This research aims to determine the influence of career development on motivation, the influence of compensation on motivation, the influence of career development on performance, the influence of compensation on performance, the influence of motivation on performance. This research used a sample of 109 which was distributed to midwives and nurses at each community health center in Buaran and Kedungwuni sub district. Analysis of this research data uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this research state that career development has a positive and significant effect on motivation, compensation has a positive and significant effect on motivation, career development has a positive and significant effect on performance, compensation has a positive and significant effect on performance, motivation has a positive and significant effect on performance. This research provides Suggestions to leaders at each Community Health Center so that the career development process and compensation are maintained and improved.

The aims of this research are: 1) to determine the material offense of possessing explosives (detonators) without a permit (study of decision Number 1676/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mks); 2) to find out the judge's considerations in decision Number 1676/Pid.Sus/2019/PN Mks. This type of research is empirical legal research carried out to look for legal problems or issues and existing legal problems. The result of this legal research is to provide a prescription regarding what should be regarding the legal issue being raised. The results of this research are: 1) The material offense of possession of explosives or detonators without a permit (study decision Number 1676/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Mks) is Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Emergency Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 1951 Because this law is still in force, the public prosecutor used this provision to charge Risal Wali who was legally proven to have committed a criminal offense without a permit for possessing explosives. 2) The judge's considerations in handing down decision Number 1676/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Mks against the Defendant of a crime without permission to possess explosives/detonators were: a) There was an indictment from the Public Prosecutor; b) Evidence-based on evidence; and c) There are aggravating and mitigating reasons. Judges at the Makassar District Court regarding the factors that form the basis of the judge's consideration in imposing a crime consist of a) the Criminal Code is the basis for the judge's consideration; b) The Defendant is the basis for the judge's consideration; c) Community demands are taken into consideration by the judge.

This research describes the management of school partnerships with the Banjarmasin City Elementary School community which is located in a wetland environment to improve student achievement, in line with the ULM Vision, namely the realization of a leading and competitive university in the wetland environment, especially in the field of education, with the dissemination of higher education science and technology. This research method is qualitative by exploring school and community partnership management data, including: (1) implementation of school and community partnership management, (2) the concept of the school partnership program, (3) obstacles to implementing the partnership program. The research setting was taken from two elementary schools in the wetland environment of North Banjarmasin, namely SDN Antasan Kecil Timur 1 and SDN Sungai Andai 4 Banjarmasin. These two schools have a number of advantages in the school partnership program. The research data source is the operationalization of management functions. The research results show that the implementation of school and community partnership management at SDN Banjarmasin Utara has been implemented by the principal together with the school community and has succeeded in overcoming obstacles that arise such as school funding, parent participation and the principal's managerial weaknesses. These obstacles are transformed into a superior school product, so that ultimately the quality of education can be improved by producing graduates who are superior and competitive. Principals of North Banjarmasin District Elementary Schools are expected to optimize the implementation of partnership management so that school goals can be achieved effectively and efficiently. Teachers can carry out tasks in line with the school's goals, making the school's vision, mission, goals and strategies the basis for action. It is hoped that future researchers will be able to research in more depth regarding partnership management in school institutions, so that schools gradually implement partnership management effectively and efficiently.

The research is geared towards investigation on one hand the extent to which Hausa is found on the internet, and utilizing the internet for documenting Hausa materials on the other. The most active internet search engines (i.e. AOL, Ask, Baidu, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Google, Internet Archive, WolframAlpha, Yandex. and Yahoo) were utilized to determine the number of existing and functioning Hausa websites. The activities and contents of the websites were studied to ascertain if they help matters by providing the needed materials for the ‘Hausa academic world’. The areas and forms of weaknesses of the sites were studied accordingly. It has been observed that the Hausa websites are dominated by several challenges ranging from socio-political to environmental. Finally, suggestions are offered as panaceas for the observed problems, one of which is the need for a collaborative effort between departments and centers for the studies in the Hausa language and the enthusiastic Hausa bloggers for the attainment of common documentation and improvement goals.

The synthesis and characterization of Schiff base-containing transition metal complexes have gained increasing importance due to their catalytic roles in various reactions and their biological activities. These metal complexes have become crucial in drug design, leading to a growing interest in metal-based drugs. The study aimed to synthesize copper metal complex with a new Schiff base ligand 4-[(3-hydroxybenzalidene)amino]antipyrine derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, as well as evaluate their antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. The ligand and its copper complex were assessed for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative strains utilizing disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, and EDXRF), solubility tests, and elemental analysis were employed to investigate the ligand and copper complex. The ligand displayed high insolubility in various solvents but had limited solubility in chloroform and methyl chloride. The FTIR spectrum of the Schiff base reveals the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons, imine (C=N), hydroxyl (-OH), secondary amine (C-N), carbonyl (C=O), and vibrations associated with C-O and C-C bonds, reflecting its molecular structure. In the EDXRF analysis, a prominent peak at 7.80 keV corresponding to copper was detected, indicating that copper is the most abundant element found in the ligand. XRD analysis demonstrated distinct crystal structures for both the ligand and its copper complex. The UV-Vis spectra of the ligand exhibited an absorption peak at a UV lambda max of 220 nm, indicating a π→π* transition. In contrast, the absorption peaks observed in the copper complex indicated different transitions compared to the Schiff base. The MIC results indicated the copper complex's stronger antimicrobial activity than the Schiff base against tested bacteria. Molecular docking studies showed that the interaction energies of the synthesized compounds, particularly the ligand and copper complex, surpassed that of the well-known anti-diabetic drug, metformin.

Background: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, can lead to adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Exploring the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders is crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 250 Bed General Hospital, Meherpur, Bangladesh from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 87 pregnant women with hypertensive disorders were enrolled in this study as the study subjects purposively. For data analysis, MS Office tools were used. Results: In this study, the majority of participants underwent cesarean delivery (55%), with 38% having a normal vaginal delivery, and 7% undergoing instrumental delivery. Maternal complications included HELLP (Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome in 18% of cases, abruption placenta in 8%, and pulmonary embolism in 6%. Normal perinatal outcomes were observed in 51% of cases, while 26% experienced preterm birth, 15% had low birth weight, 6% resulted in stillbirth, and 2% led to intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). Conclusion: By administering appropriate interventions, the incidence of cesarean delivery may be reduced in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders. Physicians are strongly encouraged to pay special attention to prevent HELLP (Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome in these cases.

Adapting to the requirements of the new curriculum reform of secondary school geography, the experiential learning mode can change the traditional secondary school geography learning mode of the students, so that the students really become the main body of the classroom and take the initiative to learn, so that they can get intuitive and real feelings in learning and develop their geography core literacy in this way, this paper tries to understand the actual situation of the application of experiential learning concepts in secondary schools by the field survey and on this basis, we carry out a corresponding Discussion Interviews with five geography teachers and questionnaires from 206 students in two secondary schools in Hunan A and B show that: most students have a good relationship with their geography teachers; most students like the subject of geography; more than half of the students think that the difficulty of geography is average, but 35.3% of the students think that it is challenging to learn geography; the students' ability to learn independently is weak, and only 17.4% of the students often do pre-study before class; and the students' ability to learn by themselves is weak, and only 17.4% of the students often do pre-study before class. Students are less capable of independent learning, with only 17.4% of them regularly doing pre-study before class; the majority of teachers still adopt the traditional teaching mode, which is mainly based on lecturing; nearly half of the students think that the best way to learn is to acquire knowledge through practical activities, and very few students have participated in classroom inquiry activities. Therefore, setting clear goals for teaching activities is an essential guarantee that experiential learning will not become a mere formality; in experiential activities, guiding students in a timely and effective manner will significantly improve the efficiency of experiential learning activities, and avoiding a single evaluation of the feedback of teaching activities. Diversified evaluations can only highlight the effect of experiential learning.

OJK's authority is to deal with companies that make illegal investments by taking action to prevent losses for the sake of legal protection for consumers and legal defense. The Twin Peak Concept and Financial Customer Care programs are useful in providing information and education to the public on the characteristics, products and services in the financial services sector. The purpose of writing is to reconstruct the authority of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervision to improve banking policies. The approach method in this study uses the constructivism paradigm, namely the paradigm with the ontology of relativism, the sociological juridical approach method. The results of this study, the researchers provide conclusions and suggestions that in fact the mandate of Article 4 of the Financial Services Authority Law on Consumer Protection assigns OJK to guarantee consumer protection in the financial services sector for all people, it turns out that justice has not been realized. While the suggestions are changing the rule breaking of OJK supervisory regulations, OJK supervision regulations are carried out by banking and non-banking financial services, as well as revising the customer protection law so that its effectiveness in protecting customers is more guaranteed.

Transformational leadership invites teachers to do the right thing, and motivates them to achieve common goals. So far, teacher discipline has not been optimal, this can be seen from the time discipline, there are still teachers who leave school during working hours for reasons that cannot be accounted for, teachers who arrive late or leave early before time for no apparent reason. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the transformational leadership of school principals on work commitment, motivation, and work discipline of high school teachers in Banjarmasin City. This research is a correlational descriptive. The population referred to in this study were all 135 high school teachers in the city of Banjarmasin from 13 schools. Data collection techniques through questionnaires and documentation, while the data analysis was done descriptively. The results of the frequency description show that 153 respondents or 78.43% of respondents stated that the transformational leadership of the principal of SMAN Banjarmasin City was in the good category, 3 respondents (1.96%) said it was very good and 30 respondents or 19.61% said it was quite good. there is no assessment of the school principal's transformational leadership in the unfavorable, no and not good categories. The majority of principals' transformational leadership at SMAN Kota Banjarmasin is in the high category, while teacher work commitment is in the medium category, teacher work motivation is in the medium category and teacher discipline is included in the high category. 43% of respondents stated that the transformational leadership of the principal of SMAN Kota Banjarmasin was in the good category, 3 respondents (1.96%) said it was very good and 30 respondents or 19.61% said it was quite good. there is no assessment of the school principal's transformational leadership in the unfavorable, no and not good categories. The majority of principals' transformational leadership at SMAN Kota Banjarmasin is in the high category, while teacher work commitment is in the medium category, teacher work motivation is in the medium category and teacher discipline is included in the high category. 43% of respondents stated that the transformational leadership of the principal of SMAN Kota Banjarmasin was in the good category, 3 respondents (1.96%) said it was very good and 30 respondents or 19.61% said it was quite good.

The paper investigated the educational backgrounds of parents of elementary students in Osun state, Nigeria. It aimed to analyze the connection between parents' educational attainment and the educational performance of elementary pupils in the subject of Social Studies. Additionally, the work explored the relationship between family state and the educational achievement of elementary pupils. The investigation employed a descriptive correlational survey research design. The target study comprised pupils aged 5-8 years old and their parents residing in Osun State. The sample population consisted of 300 students and 300 parents, selected through a multistage selection technique. From every selected school, twenty (20) children were chosen using a simple random selection procedure, and all parents of the chosen pupils were purposefully employed for the study, comprising 300 pupils and 300 parents who comprised the study's sample. The two research instruments were “Questionnaire on Family Structure and Parents' Educational Levels” (QFSPEL) and “Pupils' Previous Terms Results in Social Studies” (PPTRSS). The data collected were analyzed statistically using frequency, percentage, and “Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) methods” The research findings shows that the degree of lower primary school children' family structure is very high in Osun State, at 78.5%. The findings found that the level of education of lower primary school children’s parents was high in Osun State, at 58.1% in the study results, a significant and positive correlation (r = 0.885; p < 0.05) between parents' educational levels and the academic achievement of lower primary school students in Social Studies within the study area. On the other hand, the study did not find a significant correlation between family settings and the educational abilities of lower elementary children of study area in Social Studies (r = 1.978; p > 0.05).

Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease that has attracted a lot of attention in the dental community because of its possible effects on peri-implant therapy. Dental implant procedures have grown in popularity as a means of replacing lost teeth. This systematic review aims to investigate the ways in which diabetes impacts different peri-implant therapy aspects. Up until February 2023, electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were thoroughly searched. Eleven studies in total that complied with the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. These studies used both prospective and retrospective designs to investigate the impact of diabetes on implant outcomes. An overview of the impact of diabetes on the outcomes of peri-implant therapy, such as implant success, survival, and tissue health around the implants, is given in this abstract. Numerous studies repeatedly show that diabetes adversely affects these crucial facets of implant therapy. Diabetes affects soft tissue health around dental implants, lowers implant survival rates, and increases the risk of peri-implantitis.

Manufacturing is an industrial component that is widely regarded as the cornerstone of both social and economic development. This study investigates the drivers of manufacturing export performance in Nigeria for the period 1981-2019. Given the existence of endogeneity problem in the model, the study under a dynamic time series estimation employed GMM estimator. Manufacturing exports performance was measured using growth rate of manufactured exports, percentage of manufacturing export in GDP and manufactured export as percentage of total export. The results show that improvement in the degree of trade openness, increasing manufacturing value added, access to financial services, relative prices and increasing investment level through FDI were found to be the determinant factors that have tendency to enhance manufacturing exports performance in Nigeria. Based on these findings, policy implications include providing adequate financing and increasing credit allocation to the manufacturing sector, as well as implementing policies aimed at promoting access to financial services in order to ensure efficient distribution to the preferred sector. The Nigerian government should implement trade barriers-removal policies while also promoting policies that lead to the country's exceptional advancement. Other policy recommendations derived from the empirical findings are thoroughly discussed in the concluding part of the paper.

Background- The writers used a custom-built electronic utmost agreement to examine endodontic analytical and management consequence measurements in patients with and without diabetes. Methods- The medical histories and endodontic management statistics for nonsurgical endodontic patients treated in predoctoral and postgraduate specialty clinics were entered into an electronic record system. A entire of 5,134 cases (including 284 cases in patients with diabetes) were treated, and 150 cases (including 63 cases in patients with diabetes) had follow-up data two years or additional postoperatively. The writers applied and multivariate evaluates to control significant issues touching endodontic analysis and treatment. Results- Patients with diabetes had enlarged periodontal infection of teeth with endodontic connection associated with patients who did not have diabetes. There was a movement near enlarged suggestive peri-radicular illness in patients with diabetes who conventional insulin, as well as flare ups in all patients with diabetes. Two years or longer post-operatively, 58 percent of cases surveyed were effective. Older age, the absence of preoperative lesions, the presence of permanent restorations and longer postoperative evaluation phases all were supplementary with an effective outcome. A multivariate examination displayed that in cases with preoperative peri-radicular lesions, a history of diabetes was supplementary with a meaningfully complete successful outcome. Conclusions- Patients with diabetes have enlarged periodontal disease in teeth involved endodontically and have a reduced likelihood of success of endodontic treatment in cases with preoperative peri-radicular lesions. Clinical Implications- Patients with diabetes who are preserved endodonticaly should be evaluated carefully and be preserved with operative antimicrobial root canal regimens, mainly in cases with preoperative lesions.

Phytomedicine has become popular among and majority of women depends on herbal medicine when seeking healthcare. Several women opted for herbal medicine when looking for fertility and most the women that hormonal imbalance depends on herbal medicine for correction. Hormones is substance that must be required and must be in the right values for reproduction to occur. The aim is this study is to ascertain the Effect of aqueous leave extract of D. alba ness (Thorn Apple) on gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) Treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and clomiphene citrate in female wistar rats. The animals were randomly selected into 7 with five animals per group. Each group received the following: group 1 10mls/kg of distil water, group 2 low dose of extract (1000mg/kg), group 3 high dose of extract(2000mg/kg), group 4 MSG 800mg/kg, group 5 clomid 50mg/kg, group 6 MSG + high dose of extract and group 7 clomid+ high dose of extract. Administration of extract was done for 21 days, and on the 22nd day, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis. The results revealed significant decreased in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) in all the treatment groups (extract 1000mg/kg, extract 2000mg/kg, MSG 800mg/kg, MSG 800mg/kg + extract 2000mg/kg, and clomid 50mg/kg + extract 2000mg/kg) when compared with control and significant increase in serum levels FSH in clomid 50mg/kg treated group. Luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels significantly decreased in all the treatment groups when compared with the control group. LH levels in the clomid group significantly increased when compared with other treatment groups. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.